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Author |
David Byrne, Jeff Polton, Colin Bell |
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Title |
Creation of a global tide analysis dataset: Application of NEMO and an offline objective analysis scheme |
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Year |
2021 |
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Journal of Operational Oceanography |
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1-14 |
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Abstract |
The accurate prediction of tides is vital for the operation of many industries, early warning of coastal flooding and scientific understanding of ocean processes. In this paper, we describe the creation method of a global dataset of tidal harmonics using NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) for the first time and an offline objective analysis scheme. Data are assimilated as part of a post-processing step, reducing the computational resources required. A reduced ensemble of tidal harmonics is generated, where each member is run for a shorter period of time than a central background state. This ensemble is used to estimate a single background covariance state, which is used for analysis. Output is validated using an ensemble of objective analyses. For each ensemble member, random selections of observations are omitted and validation is performed at these locations. Improvements in both Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and correlation coefficients (R2) are seen across all 6 of the largest diurnal and semi-diurnal constituents. MAEs in amplitude and phase are reduced by up to 78% and 89%, respectively, and correlations by as much as 0.14. In addition, the majority of locations (between 70 and 80%) see significant improvement. |
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1755-876X |
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1755-876X |
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8338 |
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Author |
Pamela E. Michael, Chris Wilcox, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Michael Sumner, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Dynamic enforcement of bycatch via reproductive value can increase theoretical efficiency |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Policy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
132 |
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Pages |
104684 |
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Keywords |
Albatross Bycatch Dynamic enforcement Dynamic ocean management Monitoring Reproductive value |
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Abstract |
Managing marine systems is challenging, as many marine species are highly mobile. Albatross exemplify this paradigm, overlapping multiple threats at sea, including bycatch. The typical characterization of bycatch, the number of individuals, ignores the long-term, population-wide repercussions of bycatch. Including an estimate of the reproductive value (RV, the loss of future reproductive contributions, given bycatch) is a complementary tool, incorporating the population-wide repercussions of bycatch. While bycatch management via dynamic spatial management allows management boundaries to move, it requires monitoring and enforcement to be effective. We provide a proof of concept to optimize bycatch enforcement activities by dynamically targeting areas of concentrated future productivity characterized by RV. This paper examined a population of black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) as a case study. We calculate RV and apply it to at-sea distributions. This creates spatiotemporally explicit surfaces used to prioritize times and locations for bycatch mitigation enforcement. Dynamic enforcement has greater theoretical efficiency than static enforcement, but this difference decreases with increasing population-wide RV subject to enforcement. Though there are implementation challenges, many can be reduced with existing tools providing various opportunities. Incorporating RV when characterizing the impacts of bycatch on a population and strategically applying dynamic bycatch enforcement based on RV can be a powerful, efficient component of dynamic ocean management. |
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0308-597X |
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0308-597X |
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8342 |
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Author |
Alexis Burr |
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2021 |
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Thesis started in October 2021 |
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1216 |
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8347 |
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Author |
Lucie Aulus-Giacosa |
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2021 |
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1041 |
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yes |
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8354 |
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Author |
Pengcheng Wang, Natacha B. Bernier, Keith R. Thompson, Tsubasa Kodaira |
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Title |
Evaluation of a global total water level model in the presence of radiational S2 tide |
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2021 |
Publication |
Ocean Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
168 |
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Pages |
101893 |
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Keywords |
NEMO Radiational and gravitational tide Storm surge Tidal nudging Total water level |
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688 |
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1463-5003 |
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yes |
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8356 |
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Author |
Lisa-Marie Mazzolo |
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Master 2 |
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2021 |
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337 |
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8357 |
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Fate of Springtime Atmospheric Reactive Mercury: Concentrations and Deposition at Zeppelin, Svalbard |
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2021 |
Publication |
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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5 |
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11 |
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3234-3246 |
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1028 |
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8361 |
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Author |
Lara D. Shepherd, Colin M. Miskelly, Yves Cherel, Alan J. D. Tennyson |
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Title |
Genetic identification informs on the distributions of vagrant Royal (Eudyptes schlegeli) and Macaroni (Eudyptes chrysolophus) Penguins |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2299-2306 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Eudyptes chrysolophus Eudyptes schlegeli Genetic identification Penguin distribution Predation |
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109 |
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1432-2056 |
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yes |
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8365 |
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Title |
Global political responsibility for the conservation of albatrosses and large petrels |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
eabd7225 |
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Migratory marine species cross political borders and enter the high seas, where the lack of an effective global management framework for biodiversity leaves them vulnerable to threats. Here, we combine 10,108 tracks from 5775 individual birds at 87 sites with data on breeding population sizes to estimate the relative year-round importance of national jurisdictions and high seas areas for 39 species of albatrosses and large petrels. Populations from every country made extensive use of the high seas, indicating the stake each country has in the management of biodiversity in international waters. We quantified the links among national populations of these threatened seabirds and the regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) which regulate fishing in the high seas. This work makes explicit the relative responsibilities that each country and RFMO has for the management of shared biodiversity, providing invaluable information for the conservation and management of migratory species in the marine realm. |
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109 |
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yes |
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8369 |
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Huff and puff and blow down: invasive plants traits response to strong winds at the Southern Oceanic Islands |
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2021 |
Publication |
Oikos |
Abbreviated Journal |
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130 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1919-1929 |
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Keywords |
environmental filter functional traits hypervolume Iles Kerguelen intraspecific variability mechanical stress |
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Abstract |
Invasions constitute a major driver of biodiversity changes. Insular plant communities are particularly vulnerable to invasions and are relevant models for investigating mechanisms supporting the establishment and spread of introduced plants. Terrestrial flora of sub-Antarctic islands must often thrive in highly windy habitats, thus imposing strong mechanical constraints on individuals. Many alien plants at the sub-Antarctic islands are of tropical or temperate origins, where they were exposed to less stringent wind conditions. As wind likely represents a strong environmental filter for the successful establishment and further geographic spread of plants, they should have developed responses to resist and successfully colonize the Iles Kerguelen. We studied responses to wind of three herbaceous species that are invasive at Iles Kerguelen. We sampled plant individuals at different locations, under windy and sheltered conditions. Traits related to wind avoidance and tolerance and to resource acquisition were measured. We additionally assessed individual performance (biomass) to determine the consequences of trait variations. We focused on trait mean and variance, in particular, through the calculation of hypervolumes. This study emphasized that wind has important effects on plant economics spectrum, including traits involved in mechanical avoidance and light acquisition, with varying strategies, which seem to depend on the biological type of the species (grass versus non-grass). Wind generally reduces individual performance, and this negative effect is not direct but operates through the modification of plant trait values. Furthermore, analyses performed at the hypervolume scale indicate that not only functional trait mean but also its variability account for plant performance. The existence of contrasting growth strategies to cope with local environmental conditions suggests that invaders will be able to occupy different niches, which may ultimately impact local communities. Our results highlight the importance of considering multi-traits responses to meaningfully capture plant adjustments to stress. |
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136 |
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1600-0706 |
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yes |
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8372 |
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