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Masson-Delmotte, V.; Jouzel, J.; Landais, A.; Stievenard, M.; Johnsen, S.J.; White, J.W.C.; Werner, M.; Sveinbjornsdottir, A.; Fuhrer, K. |
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Title |
GRIP Deuterium Excess Reveals Rapid and Orbital-Scale Changes in Greenland Moisture Origin |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
309 |
Issue |
5731 |
Pages |
118-121 |
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Abstract |
The Northern Hemisphere hydrological cycle is a key factor coupling ice sheets, ocean circulation, and polar amplification of climate change. Here we present a Northern Hemisphere deuterium excess profile covering one climatic cycle, constructed with the use of {delta}18O and {delta}D Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) records. Past changes in Greenland source and site temperatures are quantified with precipitation seasonality taken into account. The imprint of obliquity is evidenced in the site-to-source temperature gradient at orbital scale. At the millennial time scale, GRIP source temperature changes reflect southward shifts of the geographical locations of moisture sources during cold events, and these rapid shifts are associated with large-scale changes in atmospheric circulation. |
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458 |
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0036-8075 |
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10.1126/science.1108575 |
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yes |
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Call Number  |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5507 |
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Author |
Traversi, R.; Becagli, S.; Castellano, E.; Cerri, O.; Morganti, A.; Severi, M.; Udisti, R. |
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Title |
Study of Dome C site (East Antartica) variability by comparing chemical stratigraphies |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Microchemical Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Chemistry |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
7-14 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica; Dome C; Snowpit; Chemical analysis; Post-depositional effects |
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Abstract |
This paper compares chemical stratigraphies from snowpits collected at Dome C (East Antarctica) in order to assess site variability in terms of spatial distribution of chemical markers, annual accumulation rate and chemical species persistence in the snow layers. Since Dome C was chosen for deep drilling down to the bedrock in the framework of EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica), to provide 800kyr of climatic and environmental records, evaluating site variability is fundamental for a reliable interpretation of the deep ice core stratigraphies.
For this purpose, 4 snowpits were dug at Dome C (1997/98, 1998/99, 2000/01 and 2005/06 Antarctic Campaigns) and analysed for cations, inorganic anions and methane sulphonate by ion chromatography. Unlike the first three snowpits, the most recent one was analysed directly in situ, allowing to observe that no chemical contamination or loss due to sample storage and transport to Europe occurs for such a sampling.
Accumulation rate variability was revealed to be around 4% in a common time range (1992-1964) for all snowpits. Intra-snowpit chemical variability was definitely higher than inter-snowpit variability, indicating that the variations observed in the chemical stratigraphies from Dome C can be reliably related to effective changes in source and transport mechanisms of the investigated markers more than to site variability.
Post-depositional phenomena affecting chloride, nitrate and methane sulphonate were studied, revealing a logarithmic decay as a function of depth for Cl- and MSA and an exponential one for NO3-. The relative losses were quantified in the 75-80% range for Cl-, 66-83% for MSA and 89-94% for NO3- and were found to stop around 320, 320 and 60-80cm depth, respectively. |
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1181 |
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0026-265X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
6054 |
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Author |
Delmotte, M.; Chappellaz, J.; Brook, E.; Yiou, P.; Barnola, J.M.; Goujon, C.; Raynaud, D.; Lipenkov, V.I. |
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Title |
Atmospheric methane during the last four glacial-interglacial cycles: Rapid changes and their link with Antarctic temperature |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
109 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
climate; atmospheric methane; ice core; 0325 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Evolution of the atmosphere; 1610 Global Change: Atmosphere; 1615 Global Change: Biogeochemical processes; 3339 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Ocean/atmosphere interactions |
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Abstract |
Atmospheric methane (CH4) recorded in Antarctic ice cores represents the closest ice proxy available for Greenland temperature changes beyond times when Greenland climate records are available. The record over four climatic cycles from the Vostok ice core offers the opportunity to study the phase relationship between Greenland and Antarctic climate changes through detailed CH4 profiles. Combining American and French analytical efforts, we have improved the time resolution of the existing CH4 record from Petit et al. [1999]. Spectral analyses reveal high- and low-frequency variability (including a strong precessional component). The phase relationship between CH4 and the Antarctic temperature proxy (δD) shows a systematic lag of CH4 versus temperature by 1100 ± 200 years, on long timescales (50–400 kyr) and a more complex behavior over shorter timescales (i.e., ≤25 kyr), suggesting that Dansgaard/Oeschger-type of climatic variability and associated interhemispheric linkage are robust features of late Quaternary climate. |
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439;902 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5653 |
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Author |
Zorn, S.R.; Drewnick, F.; Schott, M.; Hoffmann, T.; Borrmann, S. |
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Title |
Characterization of the South Atlantic marine boundary layer aerosol using an aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Atmospheric chemistry and physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
4711-4728 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
414;415 |
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Copernicus Publications |
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ISSN |
1680-7316 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5534 |
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Author |
Priyadarshi, A.; Dominguez, G.; Savarino, J.; Thiemens, M. |
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Title |
Cosmogenic 35S: A unique tracer to Antarctic atmospheric chemistry and the polar vortex |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Geophys. Res. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
L13808 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica; cosmogenic radionuclide; stratosphere-troposphere mixing; 3307 Atmospheric Processes: Boundary layer processes; 3362 Atmospheric Processes: Stratosphere/troposphere interactions; 3363 Atmospheric Processes: Stratospheric dynamics |
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Abstract |
The cosmogenic radionuclide 35S (half life ∼87 d) exists in both 35SO2 gas and 35SO42− aerosol phase in the atmosphere. Cosmogenic 35S fulfils a unique niche in that it has an ideal half-life for use as a tracer of atmospheric processes, possesses a gas phase precursor and undergoes gas to particle conversion, providing a chronometer that complements other measurements of radiogenic isotopes of different half lives and chemical properties. Based on radiogenic 35S measurements and concomitant model calculations, we demonstrate that 35S is a unique tracer to understand stratospheric-tropospheric air mass transport dynamics and the atmospheric oxidation capacity on a short time scale. Reported are the first measurements of 35S contained in SO42− aerosols (bulk and size aggregated) at Antarctica. 35SO42− concentrations at Dome C and Dumont D'Urville exhibit summer maxima and winter minima with a secondary winter peak. Higher oxidative capacity of the atmosphere and long range transport of mid latitude air increases 35SO42− activity in summer whereas a lack of air mass mixing coupled with low oxidant concentration in winter significantly decreases 35SO42− activity. A 3% contribution from stratospheric 35SO42− into the free troposphere during stratosphere-troposphere air mass mixing accounts for the secondary winter 35SO42− peak. In the future, this work will be extended to 35S activity measurements of both gas and aerosol phases to further understand gas to particle conversion, vortex dynamics and trace polar stratospheric cloud sedimentation frequency. |
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Programme |
1011 |
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Publisher |
AGU |
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ISSN |
0094-8276 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
6064 |
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Author |
Villante, U.; De Lauretis, M.; Francia, P.; Vellante, M.; Piancatelli, A. |
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Title |
Experimental Aspects of Mid-Frequency Pulsations ( f ?10–100 mHz) in the Southern Polar Cap |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Space science reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
122 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
107-117 |
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Abstract |
Abstract We review the results obtained in the frequency range of Pc3 (22-100 mHz) and Pc4 (7-22 mHz) pulsations at Italian Antarctic stations in the southern polar cap (“Mario Zucchelli”, at Terra Nova Bay, TNB, 80?.S; “Concordia”, the Italian/French base at Dome C, DMC, 89?.S). The absence of a midnight enhancement in the pulsation power suggests a negligible substorm influence at extreme latitudes, while the sharp noon enhancement, which appears only at TNB, is determined by the closer proximity of the station to cusp related phenomena. The relationship between the frequency of the band-limited signals and the interplanetary magnetic field strength, the cone angle influence, and the higher correlation of the Pc3 power with the solar wind speed in the morning hours suggest a global scenario in which upstream waves would be mainly responsible for the mid-frequency activity in the polar cap. However, the polarization pattern is odd with respect to the predictions for tailward propagating modes. |
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1130 |
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ISSN |
0038-6308 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5531 |
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Author |
Krinner, G.; Guicherd, B.; Ox, K.; Genthon, C.; Magand, O. |
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Title |
Influence of Oceanic Boundary Conditions in Simulations of Antarctic Climate and Surface Mass Balance Change during the Coming Century |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Journal of climate |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
938-962 |
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Abstract |
This article reports on high-resolution (60 km) atmospheric general circulation model simulations of the Antarctic climate for the periods 1981–2000 and 2081–2100. The analysis focuses on the surface mass balance change, one of the components of the total ice sheet mass balance, and its impact on global eustatic sea level. Contrary to previous simulations, in which the authors directly used sea surface boundary conditions produced by a coupled ocean–atmosphere model for the last decades of both centuries, an anomaly method was applied here in which the present-day simulations use observed sea surface conditions, while the simulations for the end of the twenty-first century use the change in sea surface conditions taken from the coupled simulations superimposed on the present-day observations. It is shown that the use of observed oceanic boundary conditions clearly improves the simulation of the present-day Antarctic climate, compared to model runs using boundary conditions from a coupled climate model. Moreover, although the spatial patterns of the simulated climate change are similar, the two methods yield significantly different estimates of the amplitude of the future climate and surface mass balance change over the Antarctic continent. These differences are of similar magnitude as the intermodel dispersion in the current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) exercise: selecting a method for generating boundary conditions for a high-resolution model may be just as important as selecting the climate model itself. Using the anomaly method, the simulated mean surface mass balance change over the grounded ice sheet from 1981–2000 to 2081–2100 is 43-mm water equivalent per year, corresponding to a eustatic sea level decrease of 1.5 mm yr?1. A further result of this work is that future continental-mean surface mass balance changes are dominated by the coastal regions, and that high-resolution models, which better resolve coastal processes, tend to predict stronger precipitation changes than models with lower spatial resolution. |
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Programme |
454 |
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Series Issue |
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ISSN |
0894-8755 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5501 |
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Author |
Merrer, S.; Cara, M.; Rivera, L.; Ritsema, J. |
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Title |
Upper mantle structure beneath continents: New constraints from multi-mode Rayleigh wave data in western North America and southern Africa |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Geophysical research letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Rayleigh waves; upper mantle; 7208 Seismology: Mantle; 7255 Seismology: Surface waves and free oscillations; 7290 Seismology: Computational seismology |
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Abstract |
We estimate the averaged 1-D shear-wave velocity of the upper mantle beneath western North America and the Kaapvaal region in southern Africa by inverting dispersion measurements of fundamental and higher Rayleigh modes recorded by ?2000 km aperture broadband arrays. The overtones at periods exceeding 25 s constrain the averaged 1-D shear-wave velocity to 650 km depth across the regional arrays. Our overtone analysis confirms the shear-wave velocity differences observed in global tomographic models with similar horizontal resolution: the western North American mantle features a prominent low velocity zone at depths 50–200 km, while the shear velocity in the upper 180–200 km of the mantle beneath southern Africa is at least 6% higher than in western North America which we interpret as the expression of a cratonic keel. There is no resolvable difference in shear-wave velocity between southern Africa and western North America below a depth of about 300 km. |
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Programme |
133;906 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
Place of Publication |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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ISSN |
0094-8276 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5540 |
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Author |
Gaya-Piqué, L.R.; Curto, J.J.; Torta, J.M.; Chulliat, A. |
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Title |
Equivalent ionospheric currents for the 5 December 2006 solar flare effect determined from spherical cap harmonic analysis |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
113 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
solar flare effects; SCHA; magnetic observatories; 1530 Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism: Rapid time variations; 2409 Ionosphere: Current systems; 2447 Ionosphere: Modeling and forecasting; 7974 Space Weather: Solar effects; 0545 Computational Geophysics: Modeling |
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Abstract |
In this paper we analyze the prompt solar flare effect (SFE) associated to a strong X-ray flare that occurred on 5 December 2006 by using spherical cap harmonic analysis applied to the variations recorded in the European magnetic observatories network. The regional model allows the simultaneous modeling in space and time of the ionospheric equivalent current system responsible for the SFE, as well as for the regular diurnal variation S R on that day. It is found that the SFE equivalent current system does not form as an enhancement of the S R system. Its focus is distinct from that of the SR, and it is located between 3 and 10° higher in latitude and circa 40 min later in local time. |
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Programme |
139 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
Place of Publication |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5498 |
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Author |
Spracklen, D.V.; Arnold, S.R.; Sciare, J.; Carslaw, K.S.; Pio, C. |
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Title |
Globally significant oceanic source of organic carbon aerosol |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Geophysical research letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
organic carbon; ocean; aerosol; 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles; 0315 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Biosphere/atmosphere interactions; 0312 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Air/sea constituent fluxes |
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Abstract |
Significant concentrations of organic carbon (OC) aerosol are observed at three oceanic surface sites (Amsterdam Island, Azores and Mace Head). Two global chemical transport models (CTMs) underpredict OC concentrations at these sites (normalised mean bias of ?67% and ?58%). During periods of high biological activity monthly mean concentrations are underpredicted by a factor of 5–20. At Amsterdam Island and Mace Head, observed OC correlates well (R2 = 0.61–0.77) with back-trajectory weighted chlorophyll-a, suggesting an oceanic OC source driven by biological activity. We use a combination of remote sensed chlorophyll-a, back trajectories and observed OC to derive an empirical relation between chlorophyll-a and the total oceanic OC emission flux. Using the GEOS-chem CTM we show a global oceanic OC emission, from primary and secondary sources, of ?8 Tg/year matches observations. This emission is comparable in magnitude to the fossil fuel OC source and increases the simulated global OC burden by 20%. |
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Programme |
414;415 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0094-8276 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5523 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
