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Author |
Baroni, M.; Thiemens, M.H.; Delmas, R.J.; Savarino, J. |
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Title |
Mass-Independent Sulfur Isotopic Compositions in Stratospheric Volcanic Eruptions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
315 |
Issue |
5808 |
Pages |
84-87 |
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Abstract |
The observed mass-independent sulfur isotopic composition ({Delta}33S) of volcanic sulfate from the Agung (March 1963) and Pinatubo (June 1991) eruptions recorded in the Antarctic snow provides a mechanism for documenting stratospheric events. The sign of {Delta}33S changes over time from an initial positive component to a negative value. {Delta}33S is created during photochemical oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid on a monthly time scale, which indicates a fast process. The reproducibility of the results reveals that {Delta}33S is a reliable tracer to chemically identify atmospheric processes involved during stratospheric volcanism. |
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457;1011 |
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0036-8075 |
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10.1126/science.1131754 |
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yes |
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Call Number  |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5612 |
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Title |
Interior structure of terrestrial planets: Modeling Mars' mantle and its electromagnetic, geodetic, and seismic properties |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
110 |
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Keywords |
internal structure; Mars; network science; 5430 Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets: Interiors; 6225 Planetary Sciences: Solar System Objects: Mars; 3672 Mineralogy and Petrology: Planetary mineralogy and petrology |
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Abstract |
We present a new procedure to describe the one-dimensional thermodynamical state and mineralogy of any Earth-like planetary mantle, with Mars as an example. The model parameters are directly related to expected results from a geophysical network mission, in this case electromagnetic, geodetic, and seismological processed observations supplemented with laboratory measurements. We describe the internal structure of the planet in terms of a one-dimensional model depending on a set of eight parameters: for the crust, the thickness and the mean density, for the mantle, the bulk volume fraction of iron, the olivine volume fraction, the pressure gradient, and the temperature profile, and for the core, its mass and radius. Currently, available geophysical and geochemical knowledge constrains the range of the parameter values. In the present paper, we develop the forward problem and present the governing equations from which synthetic data are computed using a set of parameter values. Among all Martian models fitting the currently available knowledge, we select eight candidate models for which we compute synthetic network science data sets. The synergy between the three geophysical experiments of electromagnetic sounding, geodesy, and seismology is emphasized. The stochastic inversion of the synthetic data sets will be presented in a companion paper. |
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Programme |
905;907 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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American Geophysical Union |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5567 |
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Author |
Callot, J.-P.; Geoffroy, L.; Brun, J.-P. |
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Title |
Development of volcanic passive margins: Three-dimensional laboratory models |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Tectonics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
21 |
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Abstract |
Continental breakup above an anomalously hot mantle may lead to the development of volcanic margins. Volcanic margins are characterized by (1) thick seaward dipping lava flow sequences, (2) central intrusive complexes associated with dyke swarms parallel to the coast, and (3) high seismic velocity bodies in the lower crust attributable to magma underplating. A conceptual model for volcanic margins development has recently been proposed based on onshore studies of the Greenland margins and the British Tertiary Igneous Province. It is proposed that the long-lived central intrusions are genetically linked to underlying persistent zones of mantle fusion. These localized melting domains (or soft spots), equivalent to small mantle diapirs, may locally soften the extending continental lithosphere. The low-viscosity diapirs would (1) localize tectonic strain and (2) feed the volcanic margin with magma. Thus such soft spots can control the along-strike magmatic and tectonic segmentation of volcanic margins. Recent geophysical investigations appear to show that the along-strike structure of volcanic passive margins is compatible with such a segmentation process. Here we present a set of scaled experiments designed to study how such localized rheological heterogeneities in the sub-Moho mantle may have a mechanical effect on continental breakup. Four-layer models were constructed using sand and silicone putties to represent the brittle and ductile layers of both crust and mantle. The soft spots are simulated by low-viscosity silicone putty emplaced within the brittle material. At the scale of the entire breakup zone, the soft spots display an oceanic-type strength profile defining low-strength zones where continental breakup is initiated. The rift orientation and segmentation are strongly controlled by the distribution of the low-viscosity heterogeneities, rather than by the direction of regional extension. The experiments are compared with the geometry and segmentation of the onshore part of the Greenland volcanic margins. |
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Programme |
290 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0278-7407 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5547 |
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Author |
Sarti, P.; Negusini, M.; Lanconelli, C.; Lupi, A.; Tomasi, C.; Cacciari, A. |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Geodetic and Geophysical Observations in Antarctica |
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Pages |
145-177 |
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Programme |
1176 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5516 |
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Author |
Petkov, B.; Vitale, V.; Tomasi, C.; Bonaf, U.; Scaglione, S.; Flori, D.; Santaguida, R.; Gausa, M.; Hansen, G.; Colombo, T. |
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Title |
Narrowband filter radiometer for ground-based measurements of global ultraviolet solar irradiance and total ozone |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Applied optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
18 |
Pages |
4383-4395 |
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Keywords |
Atmospheric optics; Ozone; Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology |
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Programme |
1176 |
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Publisher |
OSA |
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ISSN |
0003-6935 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5517 |
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Author |
Jourdain, B.; Legrand, M. |
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Title |
Year-round records of bulk and size-segregated aerosol composition and HCl and HNO3 levels in the Dumont d'Urville (coastal Antarctica) atmosphere: Implications for sea-salt aerosol fractionation in the winter and summer |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
107 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
414 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5646 |
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Title |
Diurnal production of gaseous mercury in the alpine snowpack before snowmelt |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Gaesous mercury; snow; flux; 0330 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Geochemical cycles; 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks; 1863 Hydrology: Snow and ice |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
399 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5568 |
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Author |
Mahowald, N.M.; Rasch, P.J.; Eaton, B.E.; Whittlestone, S.; Prinn, R.G. |
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Title |
Transport of 222radon to the remote troposphere using the Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry and assimilated winds from ECMWF and the National Center for Environmental Prediction/NCAR |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
0 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
102 |
Issue |
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Abstract |
The Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry (MATCH) is used to simulate the transport of 222Rn using both European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) winds and National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (hereafter referred to as NCEP) reanalysis winds. These winds have the advantage of being based on observed winds but have the disadvantage that the subgrid-scale transport processes are not routinely archived. MATCH derives subgrid-scale mixing rates for the boundary layer using a nonlocal scheme and for moist convective mixing using one of two parameterizations (Tiedtke [1989] or Pan and Wu [1997]). This paper describes the ability of the model to recreate mixing rates of 222Rn using the forecast center winds. Radon 222 is a species with a continental crust source and a simple sink involving radioactive decay with an e-folding timescale of 5.5 days. This atmospheric constituent is therefore a good tracer for testing the vertical transport in the chemical transport model, as well as the horizontal transport from continental regions to remote oceanic regions. The various simulations of 222Rn are compared with observations as well as with each other, allowing an estimate of the uncertainty in transport due to uncertainties in the winds and subgrid-scale processes. The calculated vertical profiles over the western United States are somewhat similar to observed, and the upper tropospheric concentrations compare reasonably well in their spatial distribution with data collected during Tropospheric Ozone II (TROPOZ II), although the model values tend to be higher than observed values, especially in the upper troposphere. The model successfully simulates specific observed pollution events at Cape Grim. It has more difficulty at sites farther from continental source regions, although the model captures the seasonal structure of the pollution events at these sites (Macquarie Island, Amsterdam Island, Kerguelen Island, and Crozet Island). Inclusion of a moist convective mixing scheme in MATCH increases 222Rn concentrations in the upper troposphere by 50% compared to not having moist convective mixing, while surface concentrations do not appear to be very sensitive to moist convection. In addition, differences between the upper tropospheric concentrations of radon predicted using the ECMWF and NCEP winds can be 30% for large areas of the globe, due to either differences in the forecast center winds themselves or the moist convective mixing schemes used in conjunction with them. This has implications for model simulations of radiatively and chemically important trace species in the atmosphere. |
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Programme |
146 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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0148-0227 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5541 |
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Author |
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Title |
Dust and sea salt variability in central East Antarctica (Dome C) over the last 45 kyrs and its implications for southern high-latitude climate |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Geophysical research letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
29 |
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Programme |
960 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0094-8276 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5584 |
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Author |
McCabe, J.R.; Thiemens, M.H.; Savarino, J. |
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Title |
A record of ozone variability in South Pole Antarctic snow: Role of nitrate oxygen isotopes |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
nitrate; isotopes; ozone; 1041 Geochemistry: Stable isotope geochemistry; 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles; 3344 Atmospheric Processes: Paleoclimatology; 1610 Global Change: Atmosphere; 0776 Cryosphere: Glaciology |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1011 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5510 |
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