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Author |
Lorius, C.; Jouzel, J.; Raynaud, D.; Hansen, J.; Treut, H.L. |
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Title |
The ice-core record: climate sensitivity and future greenhouse warming |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
347 |
Issue |
6289 |
Pages |
139-145 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The prediction of future greenhouse-gas-induced warming depends critically on the sensitivity of Earth's climate to increasing atmospheric concentrations of these gases. Data from cores drilled in polar ice sheets show a remarkable correlation between past glacial–interglacial temperature changes and the inferred atmospheric concentration of gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. These and other palaeoclimate data are used to assess the role of greenhouse gases in explaining past global climate change, and the validity of models predicting the effect of increasing concentrations of such gases in the atmosphere. |
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Programme |
159 |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
10.1038/347139a0 |
Approved |
yes |
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Call Number  |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5643 |
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Author |
Baroni, Mlanie; Savarino, Jol; Cole-Dai, J.; Rai, V.K.; Thiemens, M.H. |
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Title |
Anomalous sulfur isotope compositions of volcanic sulfate over the last millennium in Antarctic ice cores |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
113 |
Issue |
D20 |
Pages |
D20112 |
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Keywords |
sulfur isotope anomaly; volcanic eruption; ice cores; 0370 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Volcanic effects; 0454 Biogeosciences: Isotopic composition and chemistry; 0473 Biogeosciences: Paleoclimatology and paleoceanography; 0724 Cryosphere: Ice cores; 1041 Geochemistry: Stable isotope geochemistry |
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Abstract |
The reconstruction of past volcanism from glaciological archives is based on the measurement of sulfate concentrations in ice. This method does not allow a proper evaluation of the climatic impact of an eruption owing to the uncertainty in classifying an event between stratospheric or tropospheric. This work develops a new method, using anomalous sulfur isotope composition of volcanic sulfate in order to identify stratospheric eruptions over the last millennium. The advantages and limits of this new method are established with the examination of the 10 largest volcanic signals in ice cores from Dome C and South Pole, Antarctica. Of the 10, seven are identified as stratospheric eruptions. Among them, three have been known to be stratospheric (Tambora, Kuwae, the 1259 Unknown Event) and they exhibit anomalous sulfur isotope compositions. Three unknown events (circa 1277, 1230, 1170 A.D.) and the Serua eruption have been identified as stratospheric eruptions, which suggests for the first time that they could have had significant climatic impact. However, the Kuwae and the 1259 Unknown Event stratospheric eruptions exhibit different anomalous sulfur isotope compositions between South Pole and Dome C samples. Differences in sulfate deposition and preservation patterns between the two sites can help explain these discrepancies. This study shows that the presence of an anomalous sulfur isotope composition of volcanic sulfate in ice core indicates a stratospheric eruption, but the absence of such composition does not necessarily lead to the conclusion of a tropospheric process because of differences in the sulfate deposition on the ice sheet. |
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Programme |
1011 |
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AGU |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
6048 |
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Author |
Bost, C.A.; Cott, C.; Bailleul, F.; Cherel, Y.; Charrassin, J.B.; Guinet, C.; Ainley, D.G.; Weimerskirch, H. |
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Title |
The importance of oceanographic fronts to marine birds and mammals of the southern oceans |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Marine Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
Special Issue on Observational Studies of Oceanic Fronts |
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Volume |
78 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
363-376 |
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Keywords |
Seabird; Sea mammals; Fronts; Foraging strategies; Bio-logging |
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Abstract |
During the last 30years, at-sea studies of seabirds and marine mammals in the oceans south of the Subtropical Front have described an association with major frontal areas. More recently, the advancement in microtechnology has allowed the tracking of individuals and investigations into how these marine predators actually use the frontal zones. In this review, we examine 1) the relative importance to apex predators of the different frontal zones in terms of spatial distribution and carbon flux; 2) the processes that determine their preferential use; and 3) how the mesoscale dynamics of frontal structures drive at-sea foraging strategies of these predators. We review published results from southern waters and place them in a broader context with respect to what has been learned about the importance of fronts in oceans farther north.
Some fronts constitute important boundaries for seabird communities in southern waters. At a mesoscale the maximum values of seabird diversity and abundance correspond to the location of the main fronts. At-sea surveys show a strong curvilinear correlation between seabird abundance and sea surface temperatures. High mean species richness and diversity for whales and seabirds are consistently associated with the southern water mass boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Subtropical Front and the Subantarctic Front; in the case of the Polar Front mean seabird densities are more variable. At small-scales, variation in seabird occurrence has been directly related to the processes at fronts in a limited number of cases. A significant positive relation was found between some plankton feeding species and frontal temperature gradient-phytoplankton variables.
Telemetric studies have revealed that several apex predators (penguins, albatrosses, seals) perform long, directed foraging trips either to the Subtropical front or Polar Front, depending on locality. Seabirds with low flight costs, such as albatrosses, are able to reach fronts at long distances from colonies, showing variable foraging strategies as a function of the distances involved. Diving birds such as King penguins, that travel at a higher cost and lower speed, rely on the predictable spatial distribution of mesopelagic fish found close to the Polar Front. They may use the currents associated with eddies as oceanographic cues in the active search for frontal zones. Once in these areas they dive preferentially in and below the depth of the thermocline where catches per unit effort are high. Elephant seals concentrate foraging activity principally inside or at the boundary of cyclonic eddies. These mesoscale features appear to offer exceptional productivity favourable for foraging by various diving top predators.
The connection between biophysical parameters at fronts and predators is likely to be made through biological enhancement. Top predators appear to forage at locations where prey are advected by physical processes and others where prey are produced locally. Long-term research on at-sea distributions and demographic parameters of top predators are essential to assess the consequences of potential shift in front distributions in relation to global warming. Such environmental changes would add to the impact of fish extraction by the industrial fisheries on the southern food webs. |
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Programme |
109; 394 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0924-7963 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
6049 |
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Author |
Homberg, C.; Bergerat, F.; Angelier, J.; Garcia, S. |
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Title |
Fault interaction and stresses along broad oceanic transform zone: Tjrnes Fracture Zone, north Iceland |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Tectonics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
TC1002 |
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Keywords |
oceanic transform; fault interaction; stresses; Iceland; slip transfer; 8150 Tectonophysics: Plate boundary: general; 8164 Tectonophysics: Stresses: crust and lithosphere; 8020 Structural Geology: Mechanics, theory, and modeling |
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Abstract |
Transform motion along oceanic transforms generally occurs along narrow faults zones. Another class of oceanic transforms exists where the plate boundary is quite large (∼100 km) and includes several subparallel faults. Using a 2-D numerical modeling, we simulate the slip distribution and the crustal stress field geometry within such broad oceanic transforms (BOTs). We examine the possible configurations and evolution of such BOTs, where the plate boundary includes one, two, or three faults. Our experiments show that at any time during the development of the plate boundary, the plate motion is not distributed along each of the plate boundary faults but mainly occurs along a single master fault. The finite width of a BOT results from slip transfer through time with locking of early faults, not from a permanent distribution of deformation over a wide area. Because of fault interaction, the stress field geometry within the BOTs is more complex than that along classical oceanic transforms and includes stress deflections close to but also away from the major faults. Application of this modeling to the 100 km wide Tjrnes Fracture Zone (TFZ) in North Iceland, a major BOT of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that includes three main faults, suggests that the Dalvik Fault and the Husavik-Flatey Fault developed first, the Grismsey Fault being the latest active structure. Since initiation of the TFZ, the Husavik-Flatey Fault accommodated most of the plate motion and probably persists until now as the main plate structure. |
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Programme |
316 |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
AGU |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0278-7407 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
6062 |
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Author |
Barthélémy, M.; Lilensten, J.; Pitout, F.; Simon Wedlund, C.; Thissen, R.; Lorentzen, D.; Sigernes, F.; Moen, J.; Gronoff, G.; McCrea, I.; Rothkael, H.; Ménager, H.; Aruliah, A. |
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Title |
Polarisation in the auroral red line during coordinated EISCAT Svalbard Radar/optical experiments |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ann. Geophys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
ANGEO |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1101-1112 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The polarisation of the atomic oxygen red line in the Earth's thermosphere is observed in different configurations with respect to the magnetic field line at high latitude during several coordinated Incoherent Scatter radar/optical experiment campaigns. When pointing northward with a line-of-sight nearly perpendicular to the magnetic field, we show that, as expected, the polarisation is due to precipitated electrons with characteristic energies of a few hundreds of electron Volts. When pointing toward the zenith or southward with a line-of-sight more parallel to the magnetic field, we show that the polarisation practically disappears. This confirms experimentally the predictions deduced from the recent discovery of the red line polarisation. We show that the polarisation direction is parallel to the magnetic field line during geomagnetic activity intensification and that these results are in agreement with theoretical work. |
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Programme |
1026 |
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Publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1432-0576 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
6063 |
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Author |
Van De Vijver B., Denys L. & Beyens L. |
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Title |
Fragilaria husvikensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), another Fragilaria species with transapical ribs from Subantarctica. |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Nova hedwigia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nova Hedwigia |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
537-550 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
136 |
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ISSN |
0029-5035 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Dubois J. |
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Title |
Recherche des effets métaboliques des hormones thyroïdiennes chez deux espèces de manchots antarctiques(Pygoscelis adeliae et Ap.) |
Type |
Thesis |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
131 |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Angelier J. & Bergerat F. |
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Title |
The South Iceland Seismic zone – Part II: Stress fields and mecanisms of seismogenic faults. |
Type |
Conference - International - Article without Reading Comitee |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Abstract |
Abstr., Workshop Prenlab – 1, 24-25 octobre Paris |
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Programme |
316 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6 |
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Author |
Guinard E., Weimreskirch H. & Jouventin P. |
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Title |
Population changes and demography of the northern rockhopper penguin on Amsterdam and Saint Paul islands. |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Colonial waterbirds |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
222-228 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
109 |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0738-6028 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Riaux-Gobin C., Treguer P. & Poulin M. |
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Title |
Assemblages diatomiques épontiques et phytoplanctoniques en Terre Adélie (Antarctique) : biomass pigmentaires et facteurs de l'environnement. |
Type |
Conference - National - Article without Reading Comitee |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
XVI Colloque de l'Associations des Diatomistes de Langue Française |
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Programme |
296 |
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Series Title |
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ISSN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
14 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
