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Author |
Amalvict, M.; Willis, P.; Shibuya, K. |
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Title |
Status of DORIS Stations in Antarctica for Precise Geodesy |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Dynamic Planet |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
94-102 |
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Abstract |
Polar regions and especially Antarctica are nowadays recognised as exerting a major control upon the global Mean Sea Level (MSL) directly linked to climate changes. Monitoring and understanding the geodynamical behaviour of these regions is then of critical importance. The long-term displacement (or velocity) of reference sites helps constraining the ice sheet evolution prediction models. Several geodetic space techniques, such as GPS, observe displacements of such reference sites. In Antarctica, in addition to numerous GPS stations, four DORIS stations are permanently operating: Belgrano, Rothera, Syowa, Terre Adélie. In addition to the permanent DORIS stations, episodic DORIS campaigns took also place at Dome C / Concordia and on Sorsdal and Lambert glaciers. In this paper, we first present general information concerning the stations and the campaigns (exact location, period of measurements, etc). We then discuss the solutions obtained by different analysis centres (when available) for all DORIS stations in the Antarctic region. In particular, we use several ITRFs (from the early ITRF96 to ITRF2000) to see their impact on the derived velocities in Antarctica. An emphasis is given to the investigation and possible explanation of differences observed between each solution. Finally, we compare at these stations, the results of DORIS observations to the solutions from other geodetic techniques (GPS, VLBI) and to the results of repeated absolute gravity measurements (when available). |
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337 |
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yes |
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Call Number  |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5503 |
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Author |
Magand, O.; Genthon, C.; Fily, M.; Krinner, G.; Picard, G.; Frezzotti, M.; Ekaykin, A.A. |
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Title |
An up-to-date quality-controlled surface mass balance data set for the 90°–180°E Antarctica sector and 1950–2005 period |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
surface mass balance; East Antarctica; data quality; 0762 Cryosphere: Mass balance; 9310 Geographic Location: Antarctica; 0736 Cryosphere: Snow; 0776 Cryosphere: Glaciology; 0794 Cryosphere: Instruments and techniques |
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Abstract |
On the basis of thousands of surface mass balance (SMB) field measurements over the entire Antarctic ice sheet it is currently estimated that more than 2 Gt of ice accumulate each year at the surface of Antarctica. However, these estimates suffer from large uncertainties. Various problems affect Antarctic SMB measurements, in particular, limited or unwarranted spatial and temporal representativeness, measurement inaccuracy, and lack of quality control. We define quality criteria on the basis of (1) an up-to-date review and quality rating of the various SMB measurement methods and (2) essential information (location, dates of measurements, time period covered by the SMB values, and primary data sources) related to each SMB data. We apply these criteria to available SMB values from Queen Mary to Victoria lands (90°–180°E Antarctic sector) from the early 1950s to present. This results in a new set of observed SMB values for the 1950–2005 time period with strong reduction in density and coverage but also expectedly reduced inaccuracies and uncertainties compared to other compilations. The quality-controlled SMB data set also contains new results from recent field campaigns (International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE), Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE), and Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) projects) which comply with the defined quality criteria. A comparative evaluation of climate model results against the quality-controlled updated SMB data set and other widely used ones illustrates that such Antarctic SMB studies are significantly affected by the quality of field SMB values used as reference. |
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Programme |
411;454 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5502 |
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Author |
Masson-Delmotte, V.; Hou, S.; Ekaykin, A.; Jouzel, J.; Aristarain, A.; Bernardo, R.T.; Bromwich, D.; Cattani, O.; Delmotte, M.; Falourd, S.; Frezzotti, M.; Gallée, H.; Genoni, L.; Isaksson, E.; Landais, A.; Helsen, M.M.; Hoffmann, G.; Lopez, J.; Morgan, V.; Motoyama, H.; Noone, D.; Oerter, H.; Petit, J.R.; Royer, A.; Uemura, R.; Schmidt, G.A.; Schlosser, E.; Simões, J.C.; Steig, E.J.; Stenni, B.; Stievenard, M.; van den Broeke, M.R.; van de Wal, R.S.W.; van de Berg, W.J.; Vimeux, F.; White, J.W.C. |
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Title |
A Review of Antarctic Surface Snow Isotopic Composition: Observations, Atmospheric Circulation, and Isotopic Modeling* |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Journal of climate |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
3359-3387 |
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Keywords |
Snow; Antarctica; Atmospheric circulation; Isotopic analysis; In situ observations |
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Abstract |
A database of surface Antarctic snow isotopic composition is constructed using available measurements, with an estimate of data quality and local variability. Although more than 1000 locations are documented, the spatial coverage remains uneven with a majority of sites located in specific areas of East Antarctica. The database is used to analyze the spatial variations in snow isotopic composition with respect to geographical characteristics (elevation, distance to the coast) and climatic features (temperature, accumulation) and with a focus on deuterium excess. The capacity of theoretical isotopic, regional, and general circulation atmospheric models (including “isotopic” models) to reproduce the observed features and assess the role of moisture advection in spatial deuterium excess fluctuations is analyzed. |
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Programme |
355;454 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
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Language |
English |
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ISSN |
0894-8755 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5509 |
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Author |
Montagner, J.-P.; Marty, B.; Stutzmann, E.; Sicilia, D.; Cara, M.; Pik, R.; Lévêque, J.-J.; Roult, G.; Beucler, E.; Debayle, E. |
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Title |
Mantle upwellings and convective instabilities revealed by seismic tomography and helium isotope geochemistry beneath eastern Africa |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Geophysical research letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
anisotropy tomography; helium isotope data; Africa; 8121 Tectonophysics: Dynamics: convection currents, and mantle plumes; 7270 Seismology: Tomography; 1040 Geochemistry: Radiogenic isotope geochemistry; 7208 Seismology: Mantle; 9305 Geographic Location: Africa |
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Abstract |
The relationship between intraplate volcanism and continental tectonics has been investigated for North and East Africa using a high resolution three-dimensional anisotropic tomographic model derived from seismic data of a French experiment “Horn of Africa” and existing broadband data. The joint inversion for seismic velocity and anisotropy of the upper 400 km of the mantle, and geochemical data reveals a complex interaction between mantle upwellings, and lithosphere. Two kinds of mantle upwellings can be distinguished: The first one, the Afar “plume” originates from deeper than 400 km and is characterized by enrichment in primordial 3He and 3He/4He ratios higher than those along mid-ocean ridges (MOR). The second one, associated with other Cenozoic volcanic provinces (Darfur, Tibesti, Hoggar, Cameroon), with 3He/4He ratios similar to, or lower than MOR, is a consequence of shallower upwelling. The presumed asthenospheric convective instabilities are oriented in an east-west direction, resulting from interaction between south-north asthenospheric mantle flow, main plume head and topography on the base of lithosphere. |
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Programme |
133;906 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0094-8276 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5511 |
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Author |
Morin, S.; Marion, G.M.; von Glasow, R.; Voisin, D.; Bouchez, J.; Savarino, J. |
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Title |
Precipitation of salts in freezing seawater and ozone depletion events: a status report |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Atmospheric chemistry and physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
7317-7324 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1011 |
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Publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
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ISSN |
1680-7316 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5512 |
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Author |
Morin, S.; Savarino, J.; Frey, M.M.; Yan, N.; Bekki, S.; Bottenheim, J.W.; Martins, J.M.F. |
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Title |
Tracing the Origin and Fate of NOx in the Arctic Atmosphere Using Stable Isotopes in Nitrate |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
322 |
Issue |
5902 |
Pages |
730-732 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NOx =NO+ NO2) play a pivotal role in the cycling of reactive nitrogen (ultimately deposited as nitrate) and the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. Combined measurements of nitrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios of nitrate collected in the Arctic atmosphere were used to infer the origin and fate of NOx and nitrate on a seasonal basis. In spring, photochemically driven emissions of reactive nitrogen from the snowpack into the atmosphere make local oxidation of NOx by bromine oxide the major contributor to the nitrate budget. The comprehensive isotopic composition of nitrate provides strong constraints on the relative importance of the key atmospheric oxidants in the present atmosphere, with the potential for extension into the past using ice cores. |
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Programme |
1011 |
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ISSN |
0036-8075 |
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Notes |
10.1126/science.1161910 |
Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5513 |
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Author |
Preunkert, S.; Legrand, M.; Jourdain, B.; Moulin, C.; Belviso, S.; Kasamatsu, N.; Fukuchi, M.; Hirawake, T. |
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Title |
Interannual variability of dimethylsulfide in air and seawater and its atmospheric oxidation by-products (methanesulfonate and sulfate) at Dumont d'Urville, coastal Antarctica (1999–2003) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
sulfur cycle; Antarctica; dimethylsulfure; 0312 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Air/sea constituent fluxes; 0330 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Geochemical cycles; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry |
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Abstract |
A multiple year-round study of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS) (from December 1998 to April 2003) as well as sulfur-derived aerosols (methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt sulfate) (from March 1991 to February 2003) was conducted at Dumont d'Urville, coastal Antarctica. The three sulfur-derived species exhibit a seasonal cycle characterized by maxima in midsummer (January). Whereas the interannual variability of winter levels remains low, a strong interannual variability is shown in summer, particularly for DMS and MSA, and to a lesser extent for non-sea-salt sulfate. Over the 1998–2003 time period, January 2002 stands out with high values for all sulfur species. These interannual variabilities of atmospheric summer levels are examined in the light of seawater chlorophyll a content derived from Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data (themselves compared to field measurements made south of 60°S), oceanic DMS levels estimated from chlorophyll a SeaWiFS data, and various sea-ice indices. |
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Programme |
414 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5603 |
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Author |
Preunkert, S.; Jourdain, B.; Legrand, M.; Udisti, R.; Becagli, S.; Cerri, O. |
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Title |
Seasonality of sulfur species (dimethyl sulfide, sulfate, and methanesulfonate) in Antarctica: Inland versus coastal regions |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
113 |
Issue |
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Pages |
D15302 |
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Keywords |
sulfur cycle; DMS; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry; 0315 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Biosphere/atmosphere interactions; 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles |
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Abstract |
To gain a better understanding of sulfate and methanesulfonate (MS?) signals recorded in central Antarctic ice cores in terms of past atmospheric changes, an atmospheric year-round study of these aerosols was performed in 2006 at the Concordia station (75°S, 123°E) located on the high Antarctic plateau. In addition, a year-round study of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), the gaseous precursor of sulfur aerosol, was conducted in 2007. The DMS mixing ratio remains below 1 pptv from October to January and exhibits a maximum of 10 pptv during the first half of winter (from April to July). Surprisingly, the well-marked maximum of sulfur aerosol recorded in January at coastal Antarctic sites is observed at Concordia for sulfate but not for MS? which peaks before and after sulfate in November and March, respectively. This first study of DMS and of its by-oxidation aerosol species conducted at inland Antarctica points out the complex coupling between transport and photochemistry of sulfur species over Antarctica. The findings highlight the complexity of the link between MS? ice core records extracted at high Antarctic plateau sites and DMS emissions from the Southern ocean. |
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Programme |
414;903;1181 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
Place of Publication |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5518 |
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Author |
Schmidt, A.; Alard, F.; Handrich, Y. |
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Title |
Changes in body temperatures in king penguins at sea: the result of fine adjustments in peripheral heat loss? |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
American journal of physiology-regulatory integrative and comparative physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. |
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Volume |
291 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
R608-618 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
To investigate thermoregulatory adjustments at sea, body temperatures (the pectoral muscle and the brood patch) and diving behavior were monitored during a foraging trip of several days at sea in six breeding king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus. During inactive phases at sea (water temperature: 4-7{degrees}C), all tissues measured were maintained at normothermic temperatures. The brood patch temperature was maintained at the same values as those measured when brooding on shore (38{degrees}C). This high temperature difference causes a significant loss of heat. We hypothesize that high-energy expenditure associated with elevated peripheral temperature when resting at sea is the thermoregulatory cost that a postabsorptive penguin has to face for the restoration of its subcutaneous body fat. During diving, mean pectoral temperature was 37.6 {+/-} 1.6{degrees}C. While being almost normothermic on average, the temperature of the pectoral muscle was still significantly lower than during inactivity in five out of the six birds and underwent temperature drops of up to 5.5{degrees}C. Mean brood patch temperature was 29.6 {+/-} 2.5{degrees}C during diving, and temperature decreases of up to 21.6{degrees}C were recorded. Interestingly, we observed episodes of brood patch warming during the descent to depth, suggesting that, in some cases, king penguins may perform active thermolysis using the brood patch. It is hypothesized that functional pectoral temperature may be regulated through peripheral adjustments in blood perfusion. These two paradoxical features, i.e., lower temperature of deep tissues during activity and normothermic peripheral tissues while inactive, may highlight the key to the energetics of this diving endotherm while foraging at sea. |
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Programme |
394 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0363-6119 |
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Notes |
10.1152/ajpregu.00826.2005 |
Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5520 |
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Author |
Schott, J.J.; Di Mauro, D.; Pérès, A.; Cafarella, L.; Magno, L.; Zirizzotti, A.; Meloni, A. |
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Title |
Towards the Opening of a Magnetic Observatory at Dome C (Antarctica) |
Type |
Conference - International - Article with Reading Comitee |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
11th IAGA Workshop on Geomagnetic Observatory Instruments, Data Acquisition and Processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Antarctica; Magnetic observatory; Dome C |
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Abstract |
The opening of a new magnetic observatory is one of the activities aimed at by the creation of a scientific base at DomeC, Antarctica (lat. 75° 06’S, long. 123° 21’E, elev. 3200m). There are many reasons supporting this objective: all Antarctic magnetic observatories providing absolute values are located along the shore and are therefore subject to coast effects and crustal field contamination. DomeC and Vostok will be so far the sole observatories free from these effects. On one hand, high latitude absolute observatories are very useful to global or regional modeling based upon satellite data, because, at high latitudes, only total field measurements can be used due to the strong influence of field aligned currents. On the other hand, the availability of magnetic data from the well distributed observatories of Terra Nova Bay (TNB), Scott Base (SBA), Dumont d’Urville (DRV), Casey (CSY) and Vostok (VOS) will provide strong support to auroral and polar cap ionosphere studies as well as asymmetry analyses between Northern and Southern hemispheres. This paper summarizes the results gathered during three summer campaigns, in 1999-2000, 2001 and 2003-2004. |
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Programme |
905 |
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Series Editor |
Yumoto, K. |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5521 |
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