Niels M. Schmidt, Olivier Gilg, Jon Aars, Rolf A. Ims. (2021). Fat, Furry, Flexible, and Functionally Important: Characteristics of Mammals Living in the Arctic.
Abstract: Mammals constitute a group of vertebrates that share a number of unique characteristics,such as nursing their young with milk, and having hair. The pattern of low mammal species diversity in the Arctic probably reflects a combination of mainly two driving factors: first, being homeotherms, mammals require a substantial amount of energy to sustain the various life processes, and the arctic regions are characterized by a very low availability of energy due to short seasons for primary production. Secondly, the occurrence of arctic mammals today reflects the reinvasion of the mammal species into the Arctic as the ecosystems were re-established following the deglaciation. This chapter discusses the characteristics of the arctic mammals, including their unique adaptations to life, and their role as both consumer and food base in the arctic ecosystems. Climate change in the Arctic may also alter the interactions within food webs.
Keywords: arctic ecosystems Arctic mammals climate change deglaciation food webs homeotherms low mammal species diversity primary production
Programme: 1036
|
. (2021). Behavioural responses of breeding arctic sandpipers to ground-surface temperature and primary productivity (Vol. 755).
Abstract: Most birds incubate their eggs, which requires time and energy at the expense of other activities. Birds generally have two incubation strategies: biparental where both mates cooperate in incubating eggs, and uniparental where a single parent incubates. In harsh and unpredictable environments, incubation is challenging due to high energetic demands and variable resource availability. We studied the relationships between the incubation behaviour of sandpipers (genus Calidris) and two environmental variables: temperature and a proxy of primary productivity (i.e. NDVI). We investigated how these relationships vary between incubation strategies and across species among strategies. We also studied how the relationship between current temperature and incubation behaviour varies with previous day's temperature. We monitored the incubation behaviour of nine sandpiper species using thermologgers at 15 arctic sites between 2016 and 2019. We also used thermologgers to record the ground surface temperature at conspecific nest sites and extracted NDVI values from a remote sensing product. We found no relationship between either environmental variables and biparental incubation behaviour. Conversely, as ground-surface temperature increased, uniparental species decreased total duration of recesses (TDR) and mean duration of recesses (MDR), but increased number of recesses (NR). Moreover, small species showed stronger relationships with ground-surface temperature than large species. When all uniparental species were combined, an increase in NDVI was correlated with higher mean duration, total duration and number of recesses, but relationships varied widely across species. Finally, some uniparental species showed a lag effect with a higher nest attentiveness after a warm day while more recesses occurred after a cold day than was predicted based on current temperatures. We demonstrate the complex interplay between shorebird incubation strategies, incubation behaviour, and environmental conditions. Understanding how species respond to changes in their environment during incubation helps predict their future reproductive success.
Keywords: Environmental conditions Incubation behaviour Incubation recesses Incubation strategy Lag effects NDVI Shorebird
Programme: 1036
|
Natasha Roy, James Woollett, Najat Bhiry, Isabel Lemus-Lauzon, Ann Delwaide, Dominique Marguerie. (2021). Anthropogenic and climate impacts on subarctic forests in the Nain region, Nunatsiavut: Dendroecological and historical approaches (Vol. 28).
|
Najat Bhiry, Dominique Marguerie, Tommy Weetaluktuk, Myosotis Desroches Bourgon, David Aoustin, Pierre M. Desrosiers, Dominique Todisco. (2021). Dorset and Thule Inuit occupations of Qikirtajuaq (Smith Island), Nunavik, Canada: a palaeoecological approach (Vol. Boreas).
Abstract: Qikirtajuaq is a long island facing the Inuit village of Akulivik on the northeastern coast of Hudson Bay (Canada) that is rich in archaeological sites. Kangiakallak-1 (JeGn-2), one of the main sites on this island, is a large multicomponent site that includes Dorset and Thule Inuit winter houses. This study documents the dynamics of palaeoenvironmental conditions in the successive occupations of the Kangiakallak-1 settlement based on plant macrofossils, pollen and non-pollen palynomorph analyses and archaeological research. The data indicate that Dorset inhabitants constructed their dwelling at about 772 cal. a BP. The site was reused by the Thule Inuit a few decades later, starting at about 671 cal. a BP. Thus, Kangiakallak-1 is one of the few sites, at least in Nunavik (northern Quebec, Canada), that were rapidly reoccupied by the Thule Inuit after the departure of the Dorset inhabitants, which indicates a possible overlap between the two cultures in the Akulivik region. The palaeoecological data show that both Dorset and Thule inhabitants left clear footprints at the local scale in the form of several nitrophilous species that became established in and near the houses and persisted over a long period. The deposition of domestic waste (including bone fragments, skin, burnt fat and charcoal fragments) inside the subterranean dwellings fertilized the soil and led to the growth of unique nitrophilous plants. These changes transformed the houses into exceptional floristic refuges.
Programme: 1080
|
N. Ribeiro, L. Herraiz-Borreguero, S. R. Rintoul, C. R. McMahon, M. Hindell, R. Harcourt, G. Williams. (2021). Warm Modified Circumpolar Deep Water Intrusions Drive Ice Shelf Melt and Inhibit Dense Shelf Water Formation in Vincennes Bay, East Antarctica (Vol. 126).
Keywords: AABW Antarctic Coastal Circulation Antarctic Margins basal melt mCDW intrusions seal CTD
Programme: 109
|
N. Aubone, M. Saraceno, M. L. Torres Alberto, J. Campagna, L. Le Ster, B. Picard, M. Hindell, C. Campagna, C. R. Guinet. (2021). Physical changes recorded by a deep diving seal on the Patagonian slope drive large ecological changes (Vol. 223).
Keywords: Elephant seals Malvinas current Patagonian shelf slope Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Programme: 1201
|
Morten Frederiksen, Olivier Gilg, Glenn Yannic. (2021). Cross-icecap spring migration confirmed in a high-Arctic seabird, the Ivory Gull Pagophila eburnea (Vol. 163).
Keywords: ecological barrier Greenland icecap high-altitude migration
Programme: 1210
|
Morgan Godard. (2021).
|
. (2021). (Vol. 39).
|
Mike Lockwood, Carl Haines, Luke A. Barnard, Mathew J. Owens, Chris J. Scott, Aude Chambodut, Kathryn A. McWilliams. (2021). Semi-annual, annual and Universal Time variations in the magnetosphere and in geomagnetic activity: 4. Polar Cap motions and origins of the Universal Time effect (Vol. 11).
|