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Yves Le Bras |
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L’éléphant de mer austral, bio-échantillonneur de la distribution des ressources marines |
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2017 |
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Bio-logging Biotélémétrie Comportement de plongée Diving behaviour Eléphant de mer austral Éléphant de mer du Sud -- Alimentation Fine échelle Fine scale Interactions prédateur-proies Myctophidae -- Distribution géographique Myctophidés Myctophids Océan austral Prédation (biologie) Predator-prey interactions Southern elephant seals Southern ocean |
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Du fait de l’isolement géographique de l’océan austral et des conditions météorologiques qui y règnent, la collecte de données océanographiques par les moyens conventionnels est particulièrement couteuse dans cette région du globe. Pour pallier à ces difficultés, l’utilisation d’enregistreurs électroniques embarqués sur des prédateurs marins, et notamment sur les éléphants de mer austraux, s’est révélée être une approche intéressante. Les femelles éléphants de mer s’alimentent en grande partie de petits poissons méso-pélagiques bioluminescents, les myctophidés. Leur forte abondance et leur comportement de migration nycthémérale confèrent à ces organismes un rôle écologique de première importance dans l’océan austral. Cependant, la distribution spatiale des proies de l’éléphant de mer, et les processus physiques et biologiques qui influent sur la dynamique de cette distribution sont encore mal connus. Cette thèse se propose d’enquêter sur ces sujets à partir des données à haute fréquence d’échantillonnage collectées par des femelles éléphants de mer. L’analyse du comportement de plongée des femelles éléphants de mer, en relation avec les variations du taux de rencontre de proie dont les données d’accélération permettent d'avoir une estimation, est au cœur des différents travaux développés dans cette thèse. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent notamment, (1) une diminution de l’abondance des proies avec la profondeur ainsi qu’une homogénéisation de leur distribution, (2) une distribution en couches de cette ressource, (3) l’intervention de contraintes verticales délimitant l’étendue verticale de ces couches et ainsi capable de moduler leur densité, (4) au sein des couches, une dispersion relativement importante des proies en comparaison de la portée des capacités de perception du prédateur, et enfin (5) un rôle significatif des tourbillons méso-échelle et de leur bordure sur la structuration de la distribution des ressources alimentaires de l’éléphant de mer durant l’été austral. |
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8044 |
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Author ![sorted by Author field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Yves Cohen |
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La montée internationale de la question du chef au début du XXe siècle : situations, identités, psychologies… |
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2011 |
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in Frederick Mispelblom et Pierre Tripier, dir., Diriger, encadrer, commander : différences, points communs, enjeux transversaux |
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1135 |
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178 |
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Yves Cohen |
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Le “besoin de chefs” au début du XXe siècle : un tour d’horizon international entre business, politique et psychologie » |
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2010 |
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in Histoire de la pensée et des pratiques managériales (19ème – 21ème siècle). |
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2675 |
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Yves Cherel, Pierrick Bocher |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Diet of the soft-plumaged petrel (Pterodroma mollis) at Kerguelen Islands and a review of the food of gadfly petrels (Pterodroma spp.) worldwide |
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2022 |
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Marine Biology |
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169 |
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2 |
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31 |
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Fish Food Myctophidae Procellariiformes Seabirds Southern Ocean Squid Tropics |
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Little is known on the food and feeding ecology of the soft-plumaged petrel Pterodroma mollis, which is the single gadfly petrel Pterodroma spp. with a circumpolar breeding distribution within the Southern Ocean. Our primary goal was to describe its diet at Kerguelen Islands, which is the southernmost breeding locality of the species. Soft-plumaged petrels fed on fish (71% by mass), and secondarily on crustaceans (22%), while cephalopods (7%) and other items (< 1%) were minor dietary components. Eight-hundred and sixty prey were identified from the pooled 33 food samples, with the 2 hyperiid amphipods Cyllopus magellanicus (48%) and Themisto gaudichaudii (35%) being the main food items by number. Owing to their larger size than crustaceans, mesopelagic fishes were the main prey by mass, with myctophids being the most important fish family in terms of both abundance (68% of the fish) and diversity (10 species). Prey distribution indicated that soft-plumaged petrels foraged primarily in oceanic subantarctic waters to feed their chicks. The oceanic life style of gadfly petrels was then highlighted by a review of their diet worldwide (20 species, 26 studies). Gadfly petrels prey mainly upon mesopelagic fishes (chiefly myctophids) and squids with their relative proportions depending on species and localities. Crustaceans are minor food items for tropical species, but they form a significant part of the food of the small- and medium-sized petrels that live in temperate and cold waters. The review underlines the need for more well-designed investigations on this globally endangered group of seabirds, since dietary information is available for only 57% of the 35 species of gadfly petrels. |
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109 |
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1432-1793 |
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8340 |
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Yves Cherel, Karine Delord, Christophe Barbraud, Henri Weimerskirch |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Diet, isotopic niche, and spatial distribution of the white-headed petrel (Pterodroma lessonii) at Kerguelen Islands |
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2022 |
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Polar Biology |
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45 |
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11 |
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1607-1621 |
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Fish Food Myctophidae Procellariiformes Seabirds Southern ocean Squid |
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The subantarctic white-headed petrel is unique amongst Procellariidae by its biennial breeding frequency. Its food and feeding ecology is poorly known with limited available bio-logging data and no dietary and isotopic information. Our goal was to detail its prey species and isotopic niche at Kerguelen Islands, which is the most important breeding site in the Indian Ocean. Analysis of stomach contents (n = 56) indicated chicks were fed on fish (68% by mass) and secondarily on cephalopods (26%), whilst crustaceans were minor dietary components. Mesopelagic fishes were the main prey, with myctophids and melamphaids being the most important fish family in terms of both abundance (50% and 15% of the fish, respectively) and diversity (10 and three species). Prey distribution indicated that petrels foraged primarily in subantarctic waters and secondarily further south to feed their chicks, which is corroborated by the lower blood δ13C values of fledglings (n = 10) than incubating adults (n = 9). Body feather δ13C values (n = 45) indicate that adult white-headed petrels moulted over different latitudinal habitats, from the subtropics to Antarctica where δ15N values showed they fed on low trophic-level prey (most likely Antarctic krill). Indeed, three geolocator-tracked birds ranged widely, from the mid-Atlantic (18° W) to the eastern Indian Ocean (110° E) and from the warmer Subtropical Zone (19% of the locations), across the Subantarctic Zone (58%) to the colder Antarctic Zone (23%). Neither fishery-related items nor plastic debris were found in chick food samples, thus indicating no significant interactions with human activities, which is a key positive issue for the conservation of white-headed petrels. |
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1432-2056 |
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8567 |
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Yves Cherel, José C. Xavier, Sophie de Grissac, Colette Trouvé, Henri Weimerskirch |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Feeding ecology, isotopic niche, and ingestion of fishery-related items of the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans at Kerguelen and Crozet Islands |
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2017 |
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Marine Ecology Progress Series |
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565 |
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197-215 |
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Cephalopod Diet Hook Satellite tracking Seabird Southern Ocean Stable isotopes |
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Feeding ecology and isotopic niche of the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans were investigated in the poorly studied population on the Kerguelen Islands and compared to that on the Crozet Islands. Fish (48% by mass) and cephalopods (46%) were similarly important in chick food at Kerguelen, while cephalopods (87%) dominated the diet at Crozet. Fish prey included mainly deep-sea species, with the Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides being the main item. Cephalopod beaks were identified, most of which were from adult oceanic squids. Albatrosses preyed upon the same taxa at both localities, but in different proportions. Histioteuthis atlantica (30% by number), Galiteuthis glacialis (13%), and Kondakovia longimana (10%) were the main squid prey at Kerguelen, while K. longimana (35%) and H. eltaninae (23%) dominated at Crozet. Chick feather δ15N values were higher in wandering albatrosses than in other oceanic seabirds of the 2 communities, indicating that the wandering albatross is an apex consumer together with the sperm whale and sleeper shark that have similar δ15N values. Satellite-tracked wandering albatrosses foraged in local subantarctic waters and farther north, with some Crozet birds overlapping with those from the Kerguelen population in western Kerguelen waters. Anthropogenic items (e.g. plastic fragments, hooks) were found in half the food samples. All fishery-related items were from the local toothfish fishery. The high number of hooks from Crozet indicated the presence of a fairly large number of illegal longliners in the area during the Austral winter 1998. A review of the feeding habits of Diomedea spp. highlights the need for more dietary investigations to achieve effective conservation and management of this endangered group of charismatic seabirds. |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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6635 |
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Author ![sorted by Author field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Yves Cherel, José C. Xavier, Sophie de Grissac, Colette Trouvé, Henri Weimerskirch |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Feeding ecology, isotopic niche, and ingestion of fishery-related items of the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans at Kerguelen and Crozet Islands |
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2017 |
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Marine Ecology Progress Series |
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565 |
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197-215 |
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Cephalopod Diet Hook Satellite tracking Seabird Southern Ocean Stable isotopes |
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Feeding ecology and isotopic niche of the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans were investigated in the poorly studied population on the Kerguelen Islands and compared to that on the Crozet Islands. Fish (48% by mass) and cephalopods (46%) were similarly important in chick food at Kerguelen, while cephalopods (87%) dominated the diet at Crozet. Fish prey included mainly deep-sea species, with the Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides being the main item. Cephalopod beaks were identified, most of which were from adult oceanic squids. Albatrosses preyed upon the same taxa at both localities, but in different proportions. Histioteuthis atlantica (30% by number), Galiteuthis glacialis (13%), and Kondakovia longimana (10%) were the main squid prey at Kerguelen, while K. longimana (35%) and H. eltaninae (23%) dominated at Crozet. Chick feather δ15N values were higher in wandering albatrosses than in other oceanic seabirds of the 2 communities, indicating that the wandering albatross is an apex consumer together with the sperm whale and sleeper shark that have similar δ15N values. Satellite-tracked wandering albatrosses foraged in local subantarctic waters and farther north, with some Crozet birds overlapping with those from the Kerguelen population in western Kerguelen waters. Anthropogenic items (e.g. plastic fragments, hooks) were found in half the food samples. All fishery-related items were from the local toothfish fishery. The high number of hooks from Crozet indicated the presence of a fairly large number of illegal longliners in the area during the Austral winter 1998. A review of the feeding habits of Diomedea spp. highlights the need for more dietary investigations to achieve effective conservation and management of this endangered group of charismatic seabirds. |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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7153 |
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Yves Cherel, Evgeny V. Romanov, Pavanee Annasawmy, Delphine Thibault, Frédéric Ménard |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Micronektonic fish species over three seamounts in the southwestern Indian Ocean |
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2020 |
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Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
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176 |
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104777 |
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Lanternfish Tropical waters |
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Taxonomic composition, abundance and biological features of micronektonic fish were investigated using pelagic trawls conducted near and over the summits of three seamounts located in the western Indian Ocean (La Pérouse, MAD-Ridge and Walters Shoal). Mesopelagic fish from three families accounted for 80% by number of the total catch (5714 specimens, 121 taxa), namely myctophids (59%), gonostomatids (12%) and sternoptychids (9%). Whereas the gonostomatid Sigmops elongatus was the most abundant species around La Pérouse seamount, myctophids were the most diverse and dominant group by number in all three studied areas. Most myctophids were high-oceanic species, which included the numerically dominant Benthosema suborbitale, Ceratoscopelus warmingii, Diaphus perspicillatus, Hygophum hygomii, and Lobianchia dofleini. The few remaining myctophids (Diaphus suborbitalis being the most abundant) were pseudoceanic fish, highlighting the association with landmasses. The study adds one myctophid species new to the Indian Ocean (Diaphus bertelseni), and a second record in the literature of the recently described sternoptychid Argyripnus hulleyi. |
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0967-0645 |
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0967-0645 |
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8073 |
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Yves Cherel, Colette Trouvé, Paco Bustamante |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Cephalopod prey of light-mantled sooty albatross Phoebetria palpebrata, resource partitioning amongst Kerguelen albatrosses, and teuthofauna of the southern Indian Ocean |
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2023 |
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Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers |
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198 |
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104082 |
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Antarctica Bio-indication Procellariiformes Seabirds Southern Ocean Squids Stable isotopes |
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The cephalopod diet of the light-mantled sooty albatross Phoebetria palpebrata was determined for the first time at the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands by sorting ∼7000 accumulated beaks from 66 regurgitated boluses. Twenty-two taxa were identified, including four dominant squid species that are all endemic to the Southern Ocean: Galiteuthis glacialis (49.8% of the lower beaks) Psychroteuthis glacialis (18.5%), Martialia hyadesi (16.2%) and Moroteuthopsis longimana (6.9%). Beak δ13C values indicated that all adult P. glacialis, almost all juvenile M. longimana, and most adult G. glacialis were caught in Antarctic waters, while albatrosses preyed upon juvenile M. hyadesi in subantarctic waters. Comparative analysis of lower beaks accumulated in food samples of Kerguelen albatrosses showed that the four main sympatric albatross species segregate primarily by species-specific foraging grounds. Light-mantled sooty albatross feed on the Antarctic P. glacialis, wandering albatross Diomedea exulans on subantarctic and subtropical histioteuthids (41.4%), and grey-headed albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma and black-browed albatross T. melanophris on subantarctic ommastrephids (69.3% and 65.7%, respectively), with black-browed albatross also preying upon neritic endemic octopuses (17.6%). Cephalopod prey of Kerguelen albatrosses highlight the abundance and importance of some squids in the functioning of the pelagic ecosystem of the southern Indian Ocean, such as ommastrephids, M. longimana, P. glacialis, Histioteuthis atlantica, H. eltaninae, and G. glacialis. Based on the diet of the light-mantled sooty albatross, P. glacialis appears common in high-Antarctic waters of the southern Indian Ocean, whereas the poorly known Psychroteuthis sp. B (Imber) is evidently present in Antarctic waters south of the Kerguelen Islands. |
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8532 |
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Author ![sorted by Author field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Yves Cherel, Christophe Barbraud, Maxime Lahournat, Audrey Jaeger, Sébastien Jaquemet, Ross M. Wanless, Richard A. Phillips, David R. Thompson, Paco Bustamante |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
Accumulate or eliminate? Seasonal mercury dynamics in albatrosses, the most contaminated family of birds |
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2018 |
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Environmental Pollution |
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241 |
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124-135 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Feathers Foraging Methylmercury Moult Seabirds Southern ocean Stable isotopes |
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Abstract |
Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) are iconic pelagic seabirds whose life-history traits (longevity, high trophic position) put them at risk of high levels of exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), a powerful neurotoxin that threatens humans and wildlife. Here, we report total Hg (THg) concentrations in body feathers from 516 individual albatrosses from 35 populations, including all 20 taxa breeding in the Southern Ocean. Our key finding is that albatrosses constitute the family of birds with the highest levels of contamination by Hg, with mean feather THg concentrations in different populations ranging from moderate (3.8 μg/g) to exceptionally high (34.6 μg/g). Phylogeny had a significant effect on feather THg concentrations, with the mean decreasing in the order Diomedea > Phoebetria > Thalassarche. Unexpectedly, moulting habitats (reflected in feather δ13C values) was the main driver of feather THg concentrations, indicating increasing MeHg exposure with decreasing latitude, from Antarctic to subtropical waters. The role of moulting habitat suggests that the majority of MeHg eliminated into feathers by albatrosses is from recent food intake (income strategy). They thus differ from species that depurate MeHg into feathers that has been accumulated in internal tissues between two successive moults (capital strategy). Since albatrosses are amongst the most threatened families of birds, it is noteworthy that two albatrosses listed as Critical by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) that moult and breed in temperate waters are the most Hg-contaminated species (the Amsterdam and Tristan albatrosses). These data emphasize the urgent need for robust assessment of the impact of Hg contamination on the biology of albatrosses and they document the high MeHg level exposure of wildlife living in the most remote marine areas on Earth. |
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0269-7491 |
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0269-7491 |
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yes |
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7113 |
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