Vincent A. Viblanc, Quentin Schull, Antoine Stier, Laureline Durand, Emilie Lefol, Jean-Patrice Robin, Sandrine Zahn, Pierre Bize, François Criscuolo. (2020). Foster rather than biological parental telomere length predicts offspring survival and telomere length in king penguins.
Abstract: Because telomere length and dynamics relate to individual growth, reproductive investment and survival, telomeres have emerged as possible markers of individual quality. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, in species with parental care, parental telomere length can be a marker of parental quality that predicts offspring phenotype and survival. In king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), we experimentally swapped the single egg of 66 breeding pairs just after egg laying to disentangle the contribution of prelaying parental quality (e.g., genetics, investment in the egg) and/or postlaying parental quality (e.g., incubation, postnatal feeding rate) on offspring growth, telomere length and survival. Parental quality was estimated through the joint effects of biological and foster parent telomere length on offspring traits, both soon after hatching (day 10) and at the end of the prewinter growth period (day 105). We expected that offspring traits would be mostly related to the telomere lengths (i.e., quality) of biological parents at day 10 and to the telomere lengths of foster parents at day 105. Results show that chick survival up to 10 days was negatively related to biological fathers’ telomere length, whereas survival up to 105 days was positively related to foster fathers’ telomere lengths. Chick growth was not related to either biological or foster parents’ telomere length. Chick telomere length was positively related to foster mothers’ telomere length at both 10 and 105 days. Overall, our study shows that, in a species with biparental care, parents’ telomere length is foremost a proxy of postlaying parental care quality, supporting the “telomere – parental quality hypothesis.”
Keywords: gene and early life environmental effects growth penguins reproduction investment telomere
Programme: 119
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Vimeux, F.; Masson, V.; Jouzel, J.; Stievenard, M.; Petit, J.R. (1999). Glacial-interglacial changes in ocean surface conditions in the Southern Hemisphere. Nature, 398(6726), 410–413.
Abstract: The stable-isotope signatures of oxygen and hydrogen in the water of preserved ice and snow are both widely used to infer local temperatures of past environments. A derived quantity based on these two signatures, the 'deuterium excess'1, provides additional palaeoclimatic information2, 3, 4, as this parameter depends on the meteorological and oceanic characteristics of the water's source-regions (in particular, their temperature2,3 and relative humidity4). Published studies mainly focus on records from the past 40,000 years. Here we present a deuterium-excess history obtained from ice cores from Vostok, East Antarctica, spanning the full glacial–interglacial cycle of the past 150,000 years. The deuterium-excess record shows a strong anticorrelation with the Earth's orbital obliquity (approx41,000-year periodicity), and values are markedly higher during the cold stage 5d (following the last interglacial) than during the other cold stages. We interpret the relationship with obliquity as resulting from changes in the latitudinal insolation gradient affecting ocean surface conditions and, thus, the delivery of moisture to the polar region. We argue that the high 5d values, relative to other cold stages, are driven by relatively less moisture delivered from high latitudes, and more from low latitudes. The deuterium-excess in Antarctic precipitation thus provides long-term, spatially integrated information on ocean surface conditions and ocean/atmosphere circulations in the Southern Hemisphere.
Programme: 159
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Vimeux F., Masson V., Jouzel J., Petit J.R., Steig E.J., Stievenard M., Aikmae R. & White J.W.C. (2001). Holocene hydrological cycle changes in the Southern Hemisphere documented in East Antarctic deuterium excess records. Climate dynamics, 17(7), 503–513.
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Vimeux F., Masson V., Delaygue G., Jouzel J., Petit J.R. , Stievenard M., Vaikmae R. & White J.W.C. (2001). A 420,000 year deuterium excess record from East Antarctica : Information on past changes in the origin of precipitation at Vostok. J. Geophys. Res., 106(d23), 31863–31873.
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Vilmer N., Pick M., Schwenn R., Ballatore P. & Villain J.P. (2003). On the solar origin of interplanetary coronal mass ejections observed in the vicinity of the Earth. Annales geophysicae, 21, 847–862.
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Villien C. (2007). Modélisation de la dynamique des populations d'Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum, puceron endémique de l'Arctique.
Abstract: Rapport de Stage, INP, Connaissance du vivant,sur demande à maurice.hulle@rennes.inra.fr
Programme: 426
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Villeret V., Chessa J.P., Gerday C., Vanbeeumen J. (1997). Preliminary crystal structure of the alkaline protease from the Antarctic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Protein Sci., 6, 2462–2464.
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Villemin, T., H. Geirsson, E. Sturkell, and F. Jouanne. (2009). Active deformation at Grímsvötn subglacial volcano: a composite evolution to be deciphered, paper presented at EGU General Assembly 2009, Vienna, Austria, 19-24 April 2009..
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Villemin Thierry, Bergerat Françoise, . (2013). From surface fault traces to a fault growth model: The Vogar Fissure Swarm of the Reykjanes Peninsula, Southwest Iceland
. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY, 51, 38–51.
Abstract: The Vogar Fissure Swarm is one of four en-echelon fracture swarms that connect the Reykjanes Ridge to the South Iceland Seismic Zone and the Western Volcanic Zone. Occurring in an area of flat topography, this fissure swarm is clearly visible at the surface, where it can be seen to affect recent postglacial lavas. Using remote sensing methods to identify and measure all the faults and fractures in the swarm, combined with additional field observations and measurements, we measured 478 individual fractures, 33% of them being faults and 67% being fissures. The fracture lengths show roughly log-normal distributions. Most of the individual fractures belong to 68 main composite fractures, seven of which are longer than 2500 m and correspond to the main fault scarps of the fissure swarm. We showed that these main faults are distributed along five, equally spaced zones, ∼500 m apart and a few kilometers long. We drawn 71 across-strike profiles to characterize the shape of the fault scarps, and 5 along-strike profiles to characterize the evolution of vertical throw along the main faults. Each fault consists of a coalescence of individual segments of approximately equal length. Fault throws are never larger than 10 m and are smallest at the junctions between individual segments. Analyses of along-strike throw profiles allowed us to determine the early stages of growth after coalescence. The earliest stage is characterized by an increase in the throw of the central parts of segments. This is followed by a second stage during which the throw increases at the junctions between segments, progressively erasing these small-throw zones.
Keywords: Divergent plate boundary, Fissure swarm, Icelandic rift, Normal fault growth, Photogrammetric techniques, remote sensing,
Programme: 316
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Villemin T., Sonnette L., Plateaux R. & Bergerat F. (2011). Apports de la photogrammétrie a l’étude des champs de fractures actifs en Islande..
Abstract: Colloque “Les failles: Pourquoi ? Où ? Comment ?”, Séance spécialisée Société géologique de France. Paris, 17 November 2011. Abstracts volume, 101-102.
Programme: 316
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