| Records |
Author  |
Martin Vallée and Vincent Douet |
| Title |
A new database of source time functions (STFs) extracted from the SCARDEC method |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Physics of the earth and planetary interiors |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
257 |
Issue |
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Pages |
149-157 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
SCARDEC method (Vallée et al., 2011) offers a natural access to the earthquakes source time functions (STFs), together with the 1st order earthquake source parameters (seismic moment, depth and focal mechanism). This article first aims at presenting some new approaches and related implementations done in order to automatically provide broadband STFs with the SCARDEC method, both for moderate and very large earthquakes. The updated method has been applied to all earthquakes above magnitude 5.8 contained in the NEIC-PDE catalog since 1992, providing a new consistent catalog of source parameters associated with STFs. This represents today a large catalog (2782 events on 2014/12/31) that we plan to update on a regular basis. It is made available through a web interface whose functionalities are described here. |
| Programme |
133 |
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0031-9201 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6556 |
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| Author |
Masson-Delmotte, V., Gauthier, E., Grémillet, D., Huctin, JM, Swingedouw, D. (Editeurs) |
| Title |
Le Groenland - Climat, Ecologie, Société |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
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| Abstract |
Editions du CNRS |
| Programme |
388 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6522 |
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| Author |
Mazé-Guilmo, E., Blanchet, S., McCoy, K. D. & Loot, G. |
| Title |
Host dispersal as the driver of parasite genetic structure: a paradigm lost? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Ecology letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Understanding traits influencing the distribution of genetic diversity has major ecological and evolutionary implications for host–parasite interactions. The genetic structure of parasites is expected to conform to that of their hosts, because host dispersal is generally assumed to drive parasite dispersal. Here, we used a meta-analysis to test this paradigm and determine whether traits related to host dispersal correctly predict the spatial co-distribution of host and parasite genetic variation. We compiled data from empirical work on local adaptation and host–parasite population genetic structure from a wide range of taxonomic groups. We found that genetic differentiation was significantly lower in parasites than in hosts, suggesting that dispersal may often be higher for parasites. A significant correlation in the pairwise genetic differentiation of hosts and parasites was evident, but surprisingly weak. These results were largely explained by parasite reproductive mode, the proportion of free-living stages in the parasite life cycle and the geographical extent of the study; variables related to host dispersal were poor predictors of genetic patterns. Our results do not dispel the paradigm that parasite population genetic structure depends on host dispersal. Rather, we highlight that alternative factors are also important in driving the co-distribution of host and parasite genetic variation. |
| Programme |
1151 |
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| ISSN |
1461-0248 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6550 |
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| Author |
McCoy, K.D. & Chevillon, C. |
| Title |
Structuration des populations et adaptation des tiques : implications en épidémiologie. Chapitre 4. In Tiques et maladies à tiques : Biologie, écologie évolutive, épidémiologie. pp 113-140. IRD Editions. |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
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| Programme |
1151 |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6529 |
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| Author |
Nerentorp Mastromonaco, M., Gårdfeldt, K., Jourdain, B., Abrahamsson, K., Granfors, A., Ahnoff, M., Dommergue, A., Méjean, G., Jacobi, H.W. |
| Title |
Antarctic winter mercury and ozone depletion events over sea ice. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Atmospheric environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
129 |
Issue |
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Pages |
125-132 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
During atmospheric mercury and ozone depletion events in the springtime in polar regions gaseous elemental mercury and ozone undergo rapid declines. Mercury is quickly transformed into oxidation products, which are subsequently removed by deposition. Here we show that such events also occur during Antarctic winter over sea ice areas, leading to additional deposition of mercury. Over four months in the Weddell Sea we measured gaseous elemental, oxidized, and particulate-bound mercury, as well as ozone in the troposphere and total and elemental mercury concentrations in snow, demonstrating a series of depletion and deposition events between July and September. The winter depletions in July were characterized by stronger correlations between mercury and ozone and larger formation of particulate-bound mercury in air compared to later spring events. It appears that light at large solar zenith angles is sufficient to initiate the photolytic formation of halogen radicals. We also propose a dark mechanism that could explain observed events in air masses coming from dark regions. Br2 that could be the main actor in dark conditions was possibly formed in high concentrations in the marine boundary layer in the dark. These high concentrations may also have caused the formation of high concentrations of CHBr3 and CH2I2 in the top layers of the Antarctic sea ice observed during winter. These new findings show that the extent of depletion events is larger than previously believed and that winter depletions result in additional deposition of mercury that could be transferred to marine and terrestrial ecosystems. |
| Programme |
1028 |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1352-2310 |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6560 |
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| Author |
Orgeret, F., Weimerskirch, H. & Bost, C.A. |
| Title |
Early diving behaviour in juvenile penguins: improvement or selection processes. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biology letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Lett. |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
20160490 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The early life stage of long-lived species is critical to the viability of population,but is poorly understood. Longitudinal studies are needed to test whether juveniles are less efficient foragers than adults as has been hypothesized.We measured changes in the diving behaviour of 17 one-year-old king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus at Crozet Islands (subantartic archipelago)during their first months at sea, using miniaturized tags that transmitted diving activity in real time. We also equipped five non-breederadults with the same tags for comparison. The data on foraging performance revealed two groups of juveniles. The first group made shallower and shorter dives that may be indicative of early mortality while the second group progressively increased their diving depths and durations, and survived the first months at sea. This surviving group of juveniles required the same recovery durations as adults, but typically performed shallower and shorter dives. There is thereby a relationship between improved diving behaviour and survival in young penguins. This long period ofimproving diving performance in the juvenile life stage is potentially a critical period for the survival of deep avian divers and may have implications for their ability to adapt to environmental change. |
| Programme |
394 |
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| ISSN |
1744-9561 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6555 |
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| Author |
Ouisse T., Bonte D., Lebouvier M., Hendrickx F., Renault D. |
| Title |
The importance of relative humidity and trophic resources in governing ecological niche of the invasive carabid beetle Merizodus soledadinus in the Kerguelen archipelago |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of insect physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
0022-1910 |
| Volume |
93-94 |
Issue |
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Pages |
42-49 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Comprehensive studies to identify species-specific drivers of survival to environmental stress, reproduction, growth, and recruitment are vital to gaining a better understanding of the main ecological factors shaping species habitat distribution and dispersal routes. The present study performed a field-based assessment of habitat distribution in the invasive carabid beetle Merizodus soledadinus for the Kerguelen archipelago. The results emphasised humid habitats as a key element of the insect’s realised niche. In addition, insects faced food and water stress during dispersal events. We evaluated quantitatively how water availability and trophic resources governed the spatial distribution of this invasive predatory insect at Îles Kerguelen. Food and water stress survival durations [in 100%, 70%, and 30% relative humidity (RH) conditions] and changes in a set of primary metabolic compounds (metabolomics) were determined. Adult M. soledadinus supplied with water ad libitum were highly tolerant to prolonged starvation (LT50 = 51.7 ± 6.2 d). However, food-deprived insect survival decreased rapidly in moderate (70% RH, LT50 = 30.37 ± 1.39 h) and low (30% RH, LT50 = 13.03 ± 0.48 h) RH conditions. Consistently, body water content decreased rapidly in insects exposed to 70% and 30% RH. Metabolic variation evidenced the effects of food deprivation in control insects (exposed to 100% RH), which exhibited a progressive decline of most glycolytic sugars and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Most metabolite levels were elevated levels during the first few hours of exposure to 30% and 70% RH. Augmented alanine and lactate levels suggested a shift to anaerobic metabolism. Simultaneously, peaks in threonine and glycolytic sugars pointed to metabolic disruption and a progressive physiological breakdown in dehydrating individuals. Overall, the results of our study indicate that the geographic distribution of M. soledadinus populations is highly dependent on habitat RH and water accessibility. |
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136 |
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| ISSN |
0022-1910 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6512 |
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| Author |
Pearce, D.A., Alekhina, I.A., Terauds, A., Wilmotte, A., Quesada, A., Edwards, A., Dommergue, A., Sattler, B., Adams, B., Magalhães, C.M., Chu, W.-L., Lau, M., Cary, S.C., Smith, D.J., Wall, D.H., Eguren, G., Matcher, G., Bradley, J., De Vera, J.-P.P., Elster, J., Hughes, K.A., Benning, L.G., Gunde - Cimerman, N., Convey, P., Hong, S.G., Pointing, S.B., Pellizari, V.H., Vincent, W.F., 2016. |
| Title |
Aerobiology over Antarctica – a new initiative for atmospheric ecology |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Frontiers in microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
1664-302X |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The role of aerial dispersal in shaping patterns of biodiversity remains poorly understood, mainly due to a lack of coordinated efforts in gathering data at appropriate temporal and spatial scales. It has been long known that the rate of dispersal to an ecosystem can significantly influence ecosystem dynamics, and that aerial transport has been identified as an important source of biological input to remote locations. With the considerable effort devoted in recent decades to understanding atmospheric circulation in the south polar region, a unique opportunity has emerged to investigate the atmospheric ecology of Antarctica, from local to continental scales. This concept note identifies key questions in Antarctic microbial biogeography and the need for standardized sampling and analysis protocols to address such questions. A consortium of polar aerobiologists is established to bring together researchers with a common interest in the airborne dispersion of microbes and other propagules in the Antarctic, with opportunities for comparative studies in the Arctic. |
| Programme |
1028 |
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| ISSN |
1664-302X |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6559 |
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| Author |
Portugal S.J., Green J.A., Arnold W., Careau V., Dann P, Frappell P.B., Gremillet D., Handrich Y., Martin G.R., Ruf T., Guillemette M.M., Butler P.J. & L.G. Halsey |
| Title |
The Association between Resting, Activity and Daily Metabolic Rate in Free-Living Endotherms: No Universal Rule in Birds and Mammals. |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Physiological and biochemical zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Biochem. Zool. |
| Volume |
89 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
251-261 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Energy management models provide theories and predictions for how animals manage their energy budgets within their energetic constraints, in terms of their resting metabolic rate (RMR) and daily energy expenditure (DEE). Thus, uncovering what associations exist between DEE and RMR is key to testing these models. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in the relationship between DEE and RMR at both inter-and intraspecific levels. Interpretation of the evidence for particular energy management models is enhanced by also considering the energy spent specifically on costly activities (activity energy expenditure [AEE] = DEE 2 RMR). However, to date there have been few intraspecific studies investigating such patterns. Our aim was to determine whether there is a generality of intraspecific relationships among RMR, DEE, and AEE using long-term data sets for bird and mammal species. For mammals, we use minimum heart rate (f(H)), mean fH, and activity fH as qualitative proxies for RMR, DEE, and AEE, respectively. For the birds, we take advantage of calibration equations to convert fH into rate of oxygen consumption in order to provide quantitative proxies for RMR, DEE, and AEE. For all 11 species, the DEE proxy was significantly positively correlated with the RMR proxy. There was also evidence of a significant positive correlation between AEE and RMR in all four mammal species but only in some of the bird species. Our results indicate there is no universal rule for birds and mammals governing the relationships among RMR, AEE, and DEE. Furthermore, they suggest that birds tend to have a different strategy for managing their energy budgets from those of mammals and that there are also differences in strategy between bird species. Future work in laboratory settings or highly controlled field settings can tease out the environmental and physiological processes contributing to variation in energy management strategies exhibited by different species.Keywords |
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394 |
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| ISSN |
1522-2152 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6517 |
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| Author |
Papierok B., Dedryver C.-A., Hullé M. |
| Title |
First records of aphid-pathogenic Entomophthorales in the sub-Antarctic archipelagos of Crozet and Kerguelen |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Polar research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
0 |
Pages |
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136 |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0800-0395 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6563 |
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