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Eduardo Dopico & Eva Garcia-Vazquez. (2016). Outreach channels for polar science: an expedition to Kerguelen Islands as a case study. Advances in polar science, , 31–38.
Abstract: This paper reviews the major contributions made by Norwegian scientists to Arctic environmental sciences since the 1880s.The review begins with the first International Polar Year (IPY) in 1882-83. It then considers the 1890s to 1920s with the scientific expeditions focusing on ocean and sea ice conditions of Nansen, Amundsen and H. Sverdrup, and the mapping of the Queen Elizabeth Islands by Otto Sverdrup and colleagues. The period from 1911 to the mid-1920s also witnessed annual expeditions to Svalbard led by Adolf Hoel. The 1930s to 1945 period encompassed the Second International Polar Year when Arctic weather stations were established or maintained. The time interval post-World War II to 2000 witnessed major advancesmade possible by technical and organizational innovations. The establishment of the Norwegian Polar Institute in 1948 led to extensive research on the glaciers and snow cover in the Svalbard archipelago and to oceanographic and sea ice research in the Barents Sea and Arctic Ocean. Remote sensing methods began to be widely used from the 1980s. The new millennium saw theundertaking of the third IPY and a shift to multinational projects. New fields such as ocean–ice–atmosphere variability became active and there was much attention to high-latitude climate change in the context of global warming.
Programme: 1041
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Ellis L.T., Alataş M., Asthana A.K., Rawat K.K.,Sahu V., Srivastava A., Bakalin V.A., Batan N., Bednarek-Ochyra H., Bester S.P., Borovichev E.A., De Beer D., Enroth J., Erzberger P., Fedosov V.E., Feuillet-Hurtado C., Gradstein S.R., Gremmen N.J.M., Hedenäs L., Katagiri T., Yamaguchi T., Lebouvier M., Maity D., Mesterházy, Müller F., Natcheva R., Németh Cs., Opisso J., Özdemir T., Erata H., Parnikoza I., Plášek V., Sabovljević S., Sabovljević A.D., Saha P. Nehal Aziz Md, Schröder W., Váňa J., van Rooy J., Wang J., Yoon Y.-J., Kim J.H. . (2016). New national and regional bryophyte records, 47. J. Bryol., 38(2), 151–167.
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Fort, J.. (2016). Pollution et impacts sur les écosystèmes.
Abstract: In: Le Groenland - Climat, Ecologie, Société (Editeurs: Masson-Delmotte, V., Gauthier, E., Grémillet, D., Huctin, JM, Swingedouw, D.). Editions du CNRS
Programme: 388
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Fort, J., Grémillet, D., Traisnel, G., Amélineau, F., & Bustamante, P. . (2016). Does temporal variation of mercury levels in Arctic seabirds reflect changes in global environmental contamination, or a modification of Arctic marine food web functioning?. Environmental pollution, 211, 382–388.
Abstract: Studying long-term trends of contaminants in Arctic biota is essential to better understand impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change on the exposure of sensitive species and marine ecosystems. We concurrently measured temporal changes (2006–2014) in mercury (Hg) contamination of little auks (Alle alle; the most abundant Arctic seabird) and in their major zooplankton prey species (Calanoid copepods, Themisto libellula, Gammarus spp.). We found an increasing contamination of the food-chain in East Greenland during summer over the last decade. More specifically, bird contamination (determined by body feather analyses) has increased at a rate of 3.4% per year. Conversely, bird exposure to Hg during winter in the northwest Atlantic (determined by head feather analyses) decreased over the study period (at a rate of 1.5% per year), although winter concentrations remained consistently higher than during summer. By combining mercury levels measured in birds and zooplankton to isotopic analyses, our results demonstrate that inter-annual variations of Hg levels in little auks reflect changes in food-chain contamination, rather than a reorganization of the food web and a modification of seabird trophic ecology. They therefore underline the value of little auks, and Arctic seabirds in general, as bio-indicators of long-term changes in environmental contamination.
Programme: 388
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Frederiksen, M., Descamps, S., Erikstad, K. E., Gaston, A. J., Gilchrist, H. G., Grémillet, D., ... & Thórarinsson, T.L. . (2016). Migration and wintering of a declining seabird, the thick-billed murre Uria lomvia, on an ocean basin scale: Conservation implications. Biological conservation, 200, 26–35.
Abstract: Pelagic seabirds are exposed to an array of potential threats during the non-breeding period, and effective management of these threats on a large scale requires knowledge of which populations winter where. Thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) are emblematic of this conservation challenge, since they breed widely in the circumpolar Arctic, with many declining populations in the Atlantic. Threats facing murres include hunting, oil spills, bycatch and oceanic change influencing prey availability. Previous knowledge of migration pathways was insufficient to estimate the composition of various wintering populations. We collated tracking data (light-based geolocation) of 320 murres from 18 colonies in Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard and mainland Norway. Data were combined with breeding population counts to estimate the size and composition of wintering populations. The main wintering areas were off Newfoundland and Labrador, off West Greenland, and around Iceland. Winter areas were associated with the interface between High and Low Arctic ocean regimes. There was strong correspondence between wintering area and breeding population status: stable populations breeding in Canada and Northwest Greenland wintered mainly off Canada, whereas declining populations from Svalbard and Iceland wintered mainly off West Greenland and around Iceland. Many populations used distinct post-breeding areas, presumably for moulting; some of these areas were previously unknown. In some populations, there was a clear tendency for females to migrate south earlier than males, which accompany flightless fledglings when they leave the colony. Our study provides a key example of the urgency of coordinated, transoceanic management of vulnerable migratory species such as seabirds.
Programme: 388
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Fromant Aymeric, Carravieri Alice, Bustamante Paco, Labadie Pierre, Budzinski Hélène, Peluhet Laurent, Churlaud Carine, Chastel Olivier, Cherel Yves. (2016). Wide range of metallic and organic contaminants in various tissues of the Antarctic prion, a planktonophagous seabird from the Southern Ocean. Sci. Total Environ., 544, 754–764.
Abstract: Trace elements (n = 14) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs, n = 30) were measured in blood, liver, kidney, muscle and feathers of 10 Antarctic prions (Pachyptila desolata) from Kerguelen Islands, southern Indian Ocean, in order to assess their concentrations, tissue distribution, and inter-tissue and inter-contaminant relationships. Liver, kidney and feathers presented the highest burdens of arsenic, cadmium and mercury, respectively. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc correlated in liver and muscle, suggesting that uptake and pathways of metabolism and storage were similar for these elements. The major POPs were 4,4′-DDE, mirex, PCB-153 and PCB-138. The concentrations and tissue distribution patterns of environmental contaminants were overall in accordance with previous results in other seabirds. Conversely, some Antarctic prions showed surprisingly high concentrations of BDE-209. This compound has been rarely observed in seabirds before, and its presence in Antarctic prions could be due to the species feeding habits or to the ingestion of plastic debris. Overall, the study shows that relatively lower trophic level seabirds (zooplankton-eaters) breeding in the remote southern Indian Ocean are exposed to a wide range of environmental contaminants, in particular cadmium, selenium and some emerging-POPs, which merits further toxicological investigations.
Programme: 109
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Grémillet, D. & Fort, J.. (2016). Adaptation et évolution de la biodiversité groenlandaise.
Abstract: In: Le Groenland - Climat, Ecologie, Société (Editeurs: Masson-Delmotte, V., Gauthier, E., Grémillet, D., Huctin, JM, Swingedouw, D.). Editions du CNRS
Programme: 388
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Hindell Mark A., McMahon Clive R., Bester Marthán N., Boehme Lars, Costa Daniel, Fedak Mike A., Guinet Christophe, Herraiz-Borreguero Laura, Harcourt Robert G., Huckstadt Luis, Kovacs Kit M., Lydersen Christian, McIntyre Trevor, Muelbert Monica, Patterson Toby, Roquet Fabien, Williams Guy, Charrassin Jean-Benoît. (2016). Circumpolar habitat use in the southern elephant seal: implications for foraging success and population trajectories. Ecosphere, 7(5).
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Jouma’a Joffrey, Le Bras Yves, Richard Gaëtan, Vacquié-Garcia Jade, Picard Baptiste, El Ksabi Nory, Guinet Christophe. (2016). Adjustment of diving behaviour with prey encounters and body condition in a deep diving predator: the Southern Elephant Seal. Functional ecology, 30(4), 636–648.
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Jun Xie, Yingjie Yang and Sidao Ni. (2016). On the accuracy of long-period Rayleigh waves extractedfrom ambient noise. Geophysical journal international, 206(1), 48–55.
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