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Aurélie Goutte, Yves Cherel, Marie-Noëlle Houssais, Vincent Klein, Catherine Ozouf-Costaz, Mireille Raccurt, Camille Robineau, Guillaume Massé |
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Title |
Diatom-Specific Highly Branched Isoprenoids as Biomarkers in Antarctic Consumers |
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Journal |
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2013 |
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PLOS ONE |
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8 |
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2 |
Pages |
e56504 |
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Antarctica Biomarkers Islands Penguins Petrels Sea ice Seabirds Stomach |
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Abstract |
The structure, functioning and dynamics of polar marine ecosystems are strongly influenced by the extent of sea ice. Ice algae and pelagic phytoplankton represent the primary sources of nutrition for higher trophic-level organisms in seasonally ice-covered areas, but their relative contributions to polar marine consumers remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the potential of diatom-specific lipid markers and highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) for estimating the importance of these two carbon pools in an Antarctic pelagic ecosystem. Using GC-MS analysis, we studied HBI biomarkers in key marine species over three years in Adélie Land, Antarctica: euphausiids (ice krill Euphausia crystallorophias and Antarctic krill E. superba), fish (bald notothens Pagothenia borchgrevinki and Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum) and seabirds (Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae, snow petrels Pagodroma nivea and cape petrels Daption capense). This study provides the first evidence of the incorporation of HBI lipids in Antarctic pelagic consumers. Specifically, a di-unsaturated HBI (diene) of sea ice origin was more abundant in ice-associated species than in pelagic species, whereas a tri-unsaturated HBI (triene) of phytoplanktonic origin was more abundant in pelagic species than in ice-associated species. Moreover, the relative abundances of diene and triene in seabird tissues and eggs were higher during a year of good sea ice conditions than in a year of poor ice conditions. In turn, the higher contribution of ice algal derived organic matter to the diet of seabirds was related to earlier breeding and higher breeding success. HBI biomarkers are a promising tool for estimating the contribution of organic matter derived from ice algae in pelagic consumers from Antarctica. |
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131 |
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1932-6203 |
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1932-6203 |
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7215 |
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Aurélie Marchaudon |
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Title |
New Insights in Far-Space Measurements: Large-Scale Structures and Processes in the Solar Wind and Terrestrial Magnetosphere |
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Book Chapter |
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2019 |
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Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Space Weather: A Journey from the Earth's Core to the Sun |
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98-112 |
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coronal mass ejection; magnetopause; magnetosheath; magnetosphere; magnetotail; Solar wind; space mission |
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Scientific results about space physics in the solar system and obtained from space missions are presented, concentrating on observations from the past decade. After giving the most exhaustive possible list of missions having journeyed in the solar system these past twenty years, the paper presents new insights gathered on the solar wind focusing in particular on results obtained with SOHO, STEREO, ACE and Wind. Then, new results are also presented regarding the terrestrial space environment focusing specifically on data gathered by Cluster, Polar, THEMIS, GEOTAIL and Double Star. |
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312 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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978-1-108-41848-5 |
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7653 |
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Aurelien Dommergue, Pierre Amato, Romie Tignat-Perrier, Olivier Magand, Alban Thollot, Muriel Joly, Laetitia Bouvier, Karine Sellegri, Timothy Vogel, Jeroen E. Sonke, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Marcos Andrade, Isabel Moreno, Casper Labuschagne, Lynwill Martin, Qianggong Zhang, Catherine Larose |
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Title |
Methods to Investigate the Global Atmospheric Microbiome |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
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10 |
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Keywords |
aerobiology Aerosols Atmosphere Biodiversity biogeography methods microorganisms Protocols |
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The interplay between microbes and atmospheric physical and chemical conditions is an open field of research that can only be fully addressed using multidisciplinary approaches. The lack of coordinated efforts to gather data at representative temporal and spatial scales limits aerobiology to help understand large scale patterns of global microbial biodiversity and its causal relationships with the environmental context. This paper presents the sampling strategy and analytical protocols developed in order to integrate different fields of research such as microbiology, –omics biology, atmospheric chemistry, physics and meteorology to characterize atmospheric microbial life. These include control of chemical and microbial contaminations from sampling to analysis and identification of experimental procedures for characterizing airborne microbial biodiversity and its functioning from the atmospheric samples collected at remote sites from low cell density environments. We used high-volume sampling strategy to address both chemical and microbial composition of the atmosphere, because it can help overcome low aerosol and microbial cell concentrations. To account for contaminations, exposed and unexposed control filters were processed along with the samples. We present a method that allows for the extraction of chemical and biological data from the same quartz filters. We tested different sampling times, extraction kits and methods to optimize DNA yield from filters. Based on our results, we recommend supplementary sterilization steps to reduce filter contamination induced by handling and transport. These include manipulation under laminar flow hoods and UV sterilization. In terms of DNA extraction, we recommend a vortex step and a heating step to reduce binding to the quartz fibers of the filters. These steps have led to a 10-fold increase in DNA yield, allowing for downstream omics analysis of air samples. Based on our results, our method can be integrated into pre-existing long-term monitoring field protocols for the atmosphere both in terms of atmospheric chemistry and biology. We recommend using standardized air volumes and to develop standard operating protocols for field users to better control the operational quality. |
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1028 |
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1664-302X |
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yes |
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7847 |
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Author ![sorted by Author field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Aurélien Royer, Sophie Montuire, Olivier Gilg, Véronique Laroulandie |
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Title |
A taphonomic investigation of small vertebrate accumulations produced by the snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus) and its implications for fossil studies |
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2019 |
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Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |
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514 |
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189-205 |
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Birds Digestion Lemming Modern owl pellets Paleoenvironmental reconstruction Predation Taphonomy |
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Abstract |
The action of predators, such as diurnal raptors, owls, mammals or humans, influence the nature of small vertebrate fossil assemblages but currently their taphonomic features are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the taphonomic signature of the snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus) based on an analysis of pellets collected at breeding sites located in Greenland and the Canadian Arctic. This taxon is widely distributed through the North Hemisphere and was an important predator in Pleistocene times. Taphonomic parameters suggest that, contrary to previous assumptions, B. scandiacus produces, on average, moderate digestion of incisors, molars and post-cranial elements, and should be classed as a Category 3 or Category 3/4 predator according to the terminology established by Andrews. Significant inter-site variability was observed for some of the damage considered (in particular, digestion on incisors), and a key finding is that variability and the associated statistical confidence intervals are crucial notions that should be taken into account when assessing taphonomical features, in order to reliably identify the potential predator(s) responsible for small vertebrate fossil accumulations. |
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1036 |
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0031-0182 |
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0031-0182 |
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yes |
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6924 |
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Author ![sorted by Author field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Aures D. |
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Title |
Aspects biométriques du syndrome d'insularité: cas du rat, Rattus SP, dans les Terres austales Françaises. |
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1996 |
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D.E.A.'Biologie des Populations, Génétique et Eco-ethologie' |
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109 |
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yes |
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1133 |
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Author ![sorted by Author field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Aurora García-Berro Navarro |
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Title |
Trophic analyses of echinoid species of the Kerguelen Plateau (Southern Ocean) using natural 13C, 15N, and 34S stable isotopes |
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Master 2 |
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2016 |
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IDENTIFYING THE MAIN STRUCTURE OF BENTHIC TROPHIC NETWORKS IS NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTIONING OF MARINE COMMUNITIES. FOR THAT PURPOSE, THE TRAINEE WILL ANALYSE NATURAL 13C AND 15N STABLE ISOTOPES AND FATTY ACID BIOMARKERS ON ECHINOID SPECIMENS TO ALLOW DISCRIMINATING AMONG THE FOOD SOURCES OF TARGET SPECIES, THE MEAN/BROAD POSITION OF THE TARGET SPECIES IN THE TROPHIC NETWORKS (FEEDING STRATEGIES), AND THE TROPHIC PLASTICITY OF THESE SPECIES. THREE TARGET ECHINOID SPECIES WITH ALREADY KNOWN A PRIORI CONTRASTED TROPHIC STRATEGIES WILL BE STUDIED: STERECHINUS DIADEMA, ABATUS CORDATUS, AND CTENOCIDARIS NUTRIX. ELEMENTAL (C/N) AND ISOTOPIC ANALYSES (13C, 15N) WILL ALSO BE PERFORMED ON DIFFERENT ORGANIC MATTER SOURCES (DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER OF SEA WATER, SEDIMENT ORGANIC MATTER, MACROALGAE) AND COMPARED WITH OTHER PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CONSUMERS (SPONGES, KEY MARINE INVERTEBRATES). THIS WILL BE COMPLETED BY DIGESTIVE TRACK CONTENT ANALYZES OF SAMPLED SPECIMENS. |
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1044 |
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yes |
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6686 |
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Author ![sorted by Author field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Aurore Bourguignon, Anaïs Rameau, Gaëlle Toullec, Caroline Romestaing, Damien Roussel |
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Title |
Increased mitochondrial energy efficiency in skeletal muscle after long-term fasting: its relevance to animal performance |
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2017 |
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Journal of Experimental Biology |
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220 |
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13 |
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2445-2451 |
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Skip to Next Section In the final stage of fasting, skeletal muscle mass and protein content drastically decrease when the maintenance of efficient locomotor activity becomes crucial for animals to reactivate feeding behaviour and survive a very long period of starvation. As mitochondrial metabolism represents the main physiological link between the endogenous energy store and animal performance, the aim of this study was to determine how a very long, natural period of fasting affected skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) chicks. Rates of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were measured in pectoralis permeabilized fibres and isolated mitochondria. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis efficiency and the activities of respiratory chain complexes were measured in mitochondria isolated from pectoralis muscle. Results from long-term (4–5 months) naturally fasted chicks were compared with those from short-term (10 day) fasted birds. The respiratory activities of muscle fibres and isolated mitochondria were reduced by 60% and 45%, respectively, on average in long-term fasted chicks compared with short-term fasted birds. Oxidative capacity and mitochondrial content of pectoralis muscle were lowered by long-term fasting. Bioenergetic analysis of pectoralis muscle also revealed that mitochondria were, on average, 25% more energy efficient in the final stage of fasting (4–5 months) than after 10 days of fasting (short-term fasted birds). These results suggest that the strong reduction in respiratory capacity of pectoralis muscle was partly alleviated by increased mitochondrial ATP synthesis efficiency. Such oxidative phosphorylation optimization can impact animal performance, e.g. the metabolic cost of locomotion or the foraging efficiency. |
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131 |
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0022-0949, 1477-9145 |
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0022-0949, 1477-9145 |
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7224 |
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Author ![sorted by Author field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Aurore Ponchon, Amandine Gamble, Jérémy Tornos, Karine Delord, Christophe Barbraud, Justin M. J. Travis, Henri Weimerskirch, Thierry Boulinier |
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Title |
Similar at-sea behaviour but different habitat use between failed and successful breeding albatrosses |
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2021 |
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Marine Ecology Progress Series |
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678 |
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183-196 |
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Behavioural state Breeding failure Foraging behaviour Habitat models Inter-individual variability Procellariiformes Thalassarche carteri |
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Breeding failure is expected to induce behavioural changes in central place foragers. Indeed, after a failed reproductive attempt, breeding individuals are relieved from having to return to their breeding site for reproductive duties and thus are less constrained than successful breeders in their movements during the remainder of the breeding season. Accordingly, they are expected to adjust their behaviour, travelling longer in distance and/or time to reach foraging grounds. They are also expected to use different foraging areas to decrease local intra-specific competition with successful breeders. We compared the at-sea behaviour and habitat use of successful and failed Indian yellow-nosed albatrosses nesting in Amsterdam Island, Southern Indian Ocean, during 2 chick-rearing seasons. Failed breeders exhibited the same at-sea foraging behaviour, travelling as far and as long as successful breeders. They also spent the same amount of time on their nest between at-sea trips. Nevertheless, habitat models revealed partial spatial segregation of failed breeders, which used specific foraging areas characterized by deeper and colder waters in addition to the areas they shared with successful breeders. Our study shows the importance of combining a range of analytical methods (spatial analysis, behavioural inferences with advanced movement models and habitat models) to infer the at-sea behaviour and habitat use of seabirds. It also stresses the importance of considering individual breeding status when aiming to understand the spatial distribution of individuals, especially when this information may have conservation implications. |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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8436 |
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Author ![sorted by Author field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Aurore Ponchon, Christophe Aulert, Gilles Le Guillou, Fabrice Gallien, Clara Péron, David Grémillet |
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Title |
Spatial overlaps of foraging and resting areas of black-legged kittiwakes breeding in the English Channel with existing marine protected areas |
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2017 |
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Marine Biology |
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164 |
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5 |
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119 |
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The English Channel is one of the most anthropized marine ecosystems due to increasing human pressures, both along the coasts and at sea. Numerous marine protected areas (MPAs) have been created in this area but their ecological relevance still needs to be demonstrated for mobile species such as seabirds. Here, we identified the at-sea foraging and resting areas of black-legged kittiwakes to quantify their spatial overlap with existing neighbouring MPAs. Using solar-powered GPS-UHF, we tracked at-sea trips of 36 kittiwakes breeding at three colonies along the French coasts of the English Channel: Boulogne-sur-Mer (Hauts-de-France, n = 11), Fécamp (Normandy, n = 14) and Saint-Pierre-du-Mont (Normandy, n = 11). While kittiwakes nesting at the two Normand colonies shared some of their foraging areas, birds from Boulogne-sur-Mer did not overlap their foraging areas with Normand birds. GPS-tracked birds from all three colonies remained close to the shore (<30 km) and mainly remained within French national waters. The existing MPA network encompassed >60% of all recorded locations, but MPA use was largely colony-specific. Habitat models built to predict habitat suitability confirmed that some MPAs encompassed highly suitable foraging and resting habitats for black-legged kittiwakes in the English Channel. Connectivity between the studied colonies was high, as indicated by inter-colony prospecting movements recorded in two individuals which supposedly failed their reproduction. Overall, this work highlights that marine species such as seabirds could benefit from existing MPAs. Nevertheless, the diversity of MPA types and their different roles complicates their effectiveness to protect marine biodiversity. |
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1432-1793 |
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8272 |
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Author ![sorted by Author field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Aurore Ponchon, Lech Iliszko, David Grémillet, Torkild Tveraa, Thierry Boulinier |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
Intense prospecting movements of failed breeders nesting in an unsuccessful breeding subcolony |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
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124 |
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183-191 |
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breeding habitat selection conspecific breeding performance informed dispersal movement ecology nest attendance reproductive failure social information use |
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Prospecting for a future breeding site may help individuals decide whether to disperse and where to settle. However, little is known about it because of methodological constraints limiting the acquisition of data at fine spatial and temporal resolutions, especially for individuals that have failed breeding. Using recently developed solar-powered GPS-UHF not requiring the recapture of individuals, we tracked failed breeding black-legged kittiwakes, Rissa tridactyla, nesting in a failed subcolony of a large Norwegian colony from the end of incubation and across the chick-rearing period. As predicted, their movement patterns differed significantly from those of successfully breeding birds tracked simultaneously in a nearby successful subcolony. After 1 week of tracking, all failed breeders rapidly abandoned their nesting cliff and males and females simultaneously increased prospecting visits to other parts of their nesting colony and to neighbouring kittiwake colonies situated 40–50km away. Conversely, none of the successful breeders prospected over the same period. Our results provide new insights on prospecting movements linked to potential dispersal decisions after breeding failure. They suggest that males and females have similar temporal but different spatial prospecting patterns, possibly due to different costs associated with prospecting and dispersal decisions. They also highlight the need to track more comprehensively the movements linked with breeding habitat selection and dispersal in contrasting environmental conditions to better understand the complex behavioural responses of individuals to breeding failure and their consequences for the spatial dynamics of populations. |
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333 |
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ISSN |
0003-3472 |
ISBN |
0003-3472 |
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
|
Call Number |
|
Serial |
6944 |
|
Permanent link to this record |