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Peter S. Ungar, Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Alexandria S. Peterson, Aleksandr A. Sokolov, Natalia A. Sokolova, Dorothee Ehrich, Ivan A. Fufachev, Olivier Gilg, Alexandra Terekhina, Alexander Volkovitskiy, Viktor Shtro |
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Title |
Dental evidence for variation in diet over time and space in the Arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
509-523 |
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Abstract |
Studies of the effects of variation in resource availability are important for understanding the ecology of high-latitude mammals. This paper examines the potential of dental evidence (tooth wear and breakage) as a proxy for diet and food choice in Vulpes lagopus, the Arctic fox. It presents a preliminary study of dental microwear, gross wear score, and tooth breakage in a sample (n?=?78 individuals) from the Yamal Peninsula of the Russian Arctic. While these measures have each been associated with feeding ecology in larger carnivorans (e.g., proportion of bone in the diet), they have yet to be combined in any study and have rarely been applied to smaller species or those from high latitudes. Arctic foxes from the north and south of the peninsula, and those from rodent peak and trough density periods, are compared to assess impact of changes in food availability across space and time. Results indicate that microwear textures vary in dispersion, with more variation in texture complexity, including higher values (suggesting more consumption of bone), in the rodent-poor period in the north of Yamal. Gross wear scores and tooth breakage are also significantly higher for the north of Yamal than the south. These data together suggest that dental evidence can provide important insights into variation in the feeding ecology of Arctic foxes and potentially into the impacts of changes in food abundance across space and time. |
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1036 |
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1432-2056 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7982 |
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Title |
Year-round distribution of Northeast Atlantic seabird populations: applications for population management and marine spatial planning |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
676 |
Issue |
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Pages |
255-276 |
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Keywords |
Alle alle Fratercula arctica Fulmarus glacialis Marine spatial planning Rissa tridactyla SEATRACK Uria aalge Uria lomvia |
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Abstract |
Tracking data of marine predators are increasingly used in marine spatial management. We developed a spatial data set with estimates of the monthly distribution of 6 pelagic seabird species breeding in the Northeast Atlantic. The data set was based on year-round global location sensor (GLS) tracking data of 2356 adult seabirds from 2006-2019 from a network of seabird colonies, data describing the physical environment and data on seabird population sizes. Tracking and environmental data were combined in monthly species distribution models (SDMs). Cross-validations were used to assess the transferability of models between years and breeding locations. The analyses showed that birds from colonies close to each other (<500 km apart) used the same nonbreeding habitats, while birds from distant colonies (>1000 km) used colony-specific and, in many cases, non-overlapping habitats. Based on these results, the SDM from the nearest model colony was used to predict the distribution of all seabird colonies lying within a species-specific cut-off distance (400-500 km). Uncertainties in the predictions were estimated by cluster bootstrap sampling. The resulting data set consisted of 4692 map layers, each layer predicting the densities of birds from a given species, colony and month across the North Atlantic. This data set represents the annual distribution of 23.5 million adult pelagic seabirds, or 87% of the Northeast Atlantic breeding population of the study species. We show how the data set can be used in population and spatial management applications, including the detection of population-specific nonbreeding habitats and identifying populations influenced by marine protected areas. |
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330 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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8425 |
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Author |
Pengcheng Wang, Natacha B. Bernier, Keith R. Thompson, Tsubasa Kodaira |
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Title |
Evaluation of a global total water level model in the presence of radiational S2 tide |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ocean Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
168 |
Issue |
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Pages |
101893 |
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Keywords |
NEMO Radiational and gravitational tide Storm surge Tidal nudging Total water level |
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Programme |
688 |
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ISSN |
1463-5003 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8356 |
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Author |
Pauline Goulet, Yan Roper-Coudert, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Using on-animal sensors to study the Ocean and its inhabitants |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Keywords |
Animal Distribution Bio-logger Bio-logging Drones & Cap' |
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Abstract |
Bio-logging is a methodological approach in which miniature data recording devices are temporarily attached to free-ranging animals to monitor their movement, behaviour and physiology, as well as the physical parameters of the environment directly surrounding the animals, turning them into bio-plateformes. Unsurprisingly bio-logging emerged from marine and polar studies where the monitoring of individuals in these harsh and remote places cannot be done using traditional approaches. Miniaturization and technological advances has meant that the range of species that can be instrumented, as well as the diversity of the questions that can be sought through bio-logging, are expanding fast. New sensors are constantly being developed, pushing further the limits of this field. Instrumented animals deliver information not only on their activities but also on the physical characteristics of the environments they go through. For instance, over the last two decades, loggers attached to deep diving seals have supplemented physical oceanographic measurements with hydrographic profiles from CTD loggers but also with new series of biological measurements. For examples, fluorescence and light sensors provided information on the concentration of phytoplankton in the euphotic layer; miniature echo sounders together with high sensitivity and fast responding light sensor to detect bioluminescence, brought considerable progress in detecting small size particles (>1-2 mm) such as marine snow, zooplankton, but also fish and squids and estimate their abundance. |
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1201 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8739 |
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Author |
Paul Tixier, Nicolas Gasco, Jared R. Towers, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Killer whales of the Crozet Archipelago and adjacent waters: photo-identification catalogue, population status and distribution in 2020 |
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Report |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
1-167 |
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Programme |
109 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8380 |
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Author |
Pamela E. Michael, Chris Wilcox, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Michael Sumner, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Dynamic enforcement of bycatch via reproductive value can increase theoretical efficiency |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Policy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
132 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104684 |
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Keywords |
Albatross Bycatch Dynamic enforcement Dynamic ocean management Monitoring Reproductive value |
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Abstract |
Managing marine systems is challenging, as many marine species are highly mobile. Albatross exemplify this paradigm, overlapping multiple threats at sea, including bycatch. The typical characterization of bycatch, the number of individuals, ignores the long-term, population-wide repercussions of bycatch. Including an estimate of the reproductive value (RV, the loss of future reproductive contributions, given bycatch) is a complementary tool, incorporating the population-wide repercussions of bycatch. While bycatch management via dynamic spatial management allows management boundaries to move, it requires monitoring and enforcement to be effective. We provide a proof of concept to optimize bycatch enforcement activities by dynamically targeting areas of concentrated future productivity characterized by RV. This paper examined a population of black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) as a case study. We calculate RV and apply it to at-sea distributions. This creates spatiotemporally explicit surfaces used to prioritize times and locations for bycatch mitigation enforcement. Dynamic enforcement has greater theoretical efficiency than static enforcement, but this difference decreases with increasing population-wide RV subject to enforcement. Though there are implementation challenges, many can be reduced with existing tools providing various opportunities. Incorporating RV when characterizing the impacts of bycatch on a population and strategically applying dynamic bycatch enforcement based on RV can be a powerful, efficient component of dynamic ocean management. |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
0308-597X |
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0308-597X |
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yes |
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Serial |
8342 |
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Title |
Evaluation of candidate models for the 13th generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Earth, Planets and Space |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
48 |
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Keywords |
Geomagnetism IGRF Magnetic field modeling |
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Programme |
139 |
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ISSN |
1880-5981 |
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yes |
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7937 |
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Title |
International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the thirteenth generation |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Earth, Planets and Space |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
49 |
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Keywords |
Geomagnetism IGRF Magnetic field modeling |
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Abstract |
In December 2019, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the thirteenth generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates the previous generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2015.0, a main field model for epoch 2020.0, and a predictive linear secular variation for 2020.0 to 2025.0. This letter provides the equations defining the IGRF, the spherical harmonic coefficients for this thirteenth generation model, maps of magnetic declination, inclination and total field intensity for the epoch 2020.0, and maps of their predicted rate of change for the 2020.0 to 2025.0 time period. |
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139 |
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ISSN |
1880-5981 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8085 |
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Author |
O. Alemany, P. Talalay, P. Boissonneau, J. Chappellaz, J. F. Chemin, R. Duphil, E. Lefebvre, L. Piard, P. Possenti, J. Triest |
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Title |
The SUBGLACIOR drilling probe: hydraulic considerations |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Annals of Glaciology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
84 |
Pages |
131-142 |
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Keywords |
Glaciological instruments and methods ice coring ice engineering paleoclimate |
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Abstract |
Using significant technological breakthroughs and unconventional approaches, the goal of the in situ probing of glacier ice for a better understanding of the orbital response of climate (SUBGLACIOR) project is to advance ice core research by inventing, constructing and testing an in situ probe to evaluate if a target site is suitable for recovering ice as old as 1.5 million years. Embedding a laser spectrometer, the probe is intended to make its own way down into the ice and to measure, in real time and down to the bedrock, the depth profiles of the ice ?D water isotopes as well as the trapped CH4 gas concentration and dust concentration. The probe descent is achieved through electromechanical drilling combined with continuous meltwater sample production using a central melting finger in the drill head. A key aspect of the project lies in the design and implementation of an efficient method to continuously transfer to the surface the ice chips being produced by the drill head and from the refreezed water expulsed downstream from the melting finger, into the borehole. This paper presents a detailed calculation and analysis of the flow rates and pressure conditions required to overcome friction losses of the drilling fluid and to effectively transport ice chips to the surface. |
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119 |
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0260-3055, 1727-5644 |
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8234 |
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Author |
Noor Johnson, Matthew L Druckenmiller, Finn Danielsen, Peter L Pulsifer |
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Title |
The Use of Digital Platforms for Community-Based Monitoring |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
BioScience |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
71 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
452-466 |
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Programme |
1090,1206 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0006-3568 |
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yes |
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8248 |
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