| Records |
Author  |
Verdier Thomas |
| Title |
Etude du métabolisme énergétique au sein du muscle pectoral et gastrocnémien chez l’embryon et le poussin de manchot royal (Aptenodytes patagonicus) |
Type |
Master 1 |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Stage De Master1 Effectué À Lyon (Lehna Umr 5023) sous La Responsabilité De D Roussel (Programme 131) Et M Boël Et Basé Sur Des Échantillonnages Réalisés Par Le Programme 119 Econergie Dans Le Cadre Des Collaborations Entre Ces Deux Programmesabstract : Les Poussins De Manchots Royaux Doivent S’adapter Rapidement Pour Faire Face À Des Conditions Environnementales Drastiques (Faible Température, Prédation, Période De Jeûne…). Ils Doivent Assurer Leur Croissance, Mettre En Place Et Réguler Leur Métabolisme Énergétique Pour Leur Permettre De Stocker De L’énergie Sous Forme De Réserves Lipidiques Pour Affronter L’hiver Austral Qui Arrive. Il A Déjà Été Montré Que Ces Oisillons Acquéraient D’abord Une Mobilité Terrestre, Impliquant Les Muscles De La Ceinture Pelvienne, Avant La Mobilité Aquatique, Impliquant Les Muscles Pectoraux, La Marche Étant Primordiale À La Survie Des Jeunes Poussins. Cette Étude Avait Pour But 1) D’évaluer Le Métabolisme Énergétique Au Sein Du Muscle Gastrocnémien Et Pectoral Majeur Chez De Jeunes Poussins, 2) D’étudier L’évolution De Ce Métabolisme En Fonction De L’âge Et 3) De Déterminer Ce Métabolisme Chez Des Embryons. Pour Cela, Les Activités D’enzymes Impliquées Dans Le Métabolisme Aérobie (Cycle De Krebs, Β-oxydation) Ou Anaérobie (Fermentation Lactique) Ont Été Étudiées Par Mesures Spectrophotométriques.les Résultats Montrent Un Métabolisme Énergétique Supérieur Dans Le Muscle Gastrocnémien (Aérobie Et Anaérobie) Et Une Faible Activité De La Β-oxydation Au Sein Des Deux Types De Muscles. Les Poussins Plus Âgés Montrent Un Métabolisme Énergétique Plus Important Dans Ces Deux Muscles, Hormis La Β-oxydation, Qui Ne Varie Pas Avec L’âge. Chez Les Embryons De Poussins, Aucun Des Deux Muscles N’est Plus Actif Que L’autre, Mais Le Métabolisme Anaérobie Est Prépondérant Au Sein Du Gastrocnémien. |
| Programme |
119 |
| Campaign |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7380 |
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| Author |
Vignon Etienne, van de Wiel Bas J. H., van Hooijdonk Ivo G. S., Genthon Christophe, van der Linden Steven J. A., van Hooft J. Antoon, Baas Peter, Maurel William, Traullé Olivier, Casasanta Giampietro |
| Title |
Stable boundary‐layer regimes at Dome C, Antarctica: observation and analysis |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Quarterly journal of the royal meteorological society |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
143 |
Issue |
704 |
Pages |
1241-1253 |
| Keywords |
Antarctic atmosphere critical transition stable boundary layer wind‐speed threshold |
| Abstract |
Investigation of meteorological measurements along a 45 m tower at Dome C on the high East Antarctic Plateau revealed two distinct stable boundary layer (SBL) regimes at this location. The first regime is characterized by strong winds and continuous turbulence. It results in full vertical coupling of temperature, wind magnitude and wind direction in the SBL. The second regime is characterized by weak winds, associated with weak turbulent activity and very strong temperature inversions reaching up to 25 K in the lowest 10 m. Vertical temperature profiles are generally exponentially shaped (convex) in the first regime and ?convex?concave?convex? in the second. The transition between the two regimes is particularly abrupt when looking at the near?surface temperature inversion and it can be identified by a 10 m wind?speed threshold. With winds under this threshold, the turbulent heat supply toward the surface becomes significantly lower than the net surface radiative cooling. The threshold value (including its range of uncertainty) appears to agree with recent theoretical predictions from the so?called ?minimum wind speed for sustainable turbulence? (MWST) theory. For the quasi?steady, clear?sky winter cases, the relation between the near?surface inversion amplitude and the wind speed takes a characteristic ?S? shape. Closer analysis suggests that this relation corresponds to a ?critical transition? between a steady turbulent and a steady ?radiative? regime, with a dynamically unstable branch in the transition zone. These fascinating characteristics of the Antarctic boundary layer challenge present and future numerical models to represent this region in a physically correct manner. |
| Programme |
1013 |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0035-9009 |
ISBN |
0035-9009 |
Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6574 |
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| Author |
Viviant Morgane, Jeanniard‐du‐Dot Tiphaine, Monestiez Pascal, Authier Matthieu, Guinet Christophe, Costa Daniel |
| Title |
Bottom time does not always predict prey encounter rate in Antarctic fur seals |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
30 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1834-1844 |
| Keywords |
aerobic diving limit Antarctic fur seals diving behaviour foraging depth foraging strategies |
| Abstract |
Summary Optimal foraging models applied to breath?holding divers predict that diving predators should optimize the time spent foraging at the bottom of dives depending on prey encounter rate, distance to prey patch (depth) and physiological constraints. We tested this hypothesis on a free?ranging diving marine predator, the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella, equipped with accelerometers or Hall sensors (n = 11) that recorded mouth?opening events, a proxy for prey capture attempts and thus feeding events. Over the 5896 dives analysed (>15 m depth), the mean number of mouth?opening events per dive was 1·21 ± 1·69 (mean ± SD). Overall, 82% of mouth?openings occurred at the bottom of dives. As predicted, fur seals increased their inferred foraging time at the bottom of dives with increasing patch distance (depth), irrespective of the number of mouth?openings. For dives shallower than 55 m, the mean bottom duration of dives without mouth?openings was shorter than for dives with mouth?opening events. However, this difference was only due to the occurrence of V?shaped dives with short bottom durations (0 or 1 s). When removing those V?shaped dives, bottom duration was not related to the presence of mouth?openings anymore. Thus, the decision to abandon foraging is likely related to other information about prey availability than prey capture attempts (i.e. sensory cues) that seals collect during the descent phase. We did not observe V?shaped dives for dives deeper than 55 m, threshold beyond which the mean dive duration exceeded the apparent aerobic dive limit. For dives deeper than 55 m, seals kept on foraging at bottom irrespective of the number of mouth?openings performed. Most dives occurred at shallower depths (30?55 m) than the 60 m depth of highest foraging efficiency (i.e. of greatest number of mouth?opening events per dive). This is likely related to physiological constraints during deeper dives. We suggest that foraging decisions are more complex than predicted by current theory and highlight the importance of the information collected by the predator during the descent as well as its physiological constraints. Ultimately, this will help establishing reliable predictive foraging models for marine predators based on diving patterns only. A lay summary is available for this article. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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Place of Publication |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0269-8463 |
ISBN |
0269-8463 |
Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6630 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Weimerskirch H., Filippi D.P., Collet J., Waugh S.M., Patrick S.C. |
| Title |
Use of radar detectors to track attendance of albatrosses at fishing vessels |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Conservation Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
240-245 |
| Keywords |
biologging bioregistro conservation method long‐line fisheries método de conservación pesca con sedal largo sistema de monitoreo de navíos vessel monitoring system |
| Abstract |
Abstract Despite international waters covering over 60% of the world's oceans, understanding of how fisheries in these regions shape ecosystem processes is surprisingly poor. Seabirds forage at fishing vessels, which has potentially deleterious effects for their population, but the extent of overlap and behavior in relation to ships is poorly known. Using novel biologging devices, which detect radar emissions and record the position of boats and seabirds, we measured the true extent of the overlap between seabirds and fishing vessels and generated estimates of the intensity of fishing and distribution of vessels in international waters. During breeding, wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) from the Crozet Islands patrolled an area of over 10 million km2 at distances up to 2500 km from the colony. Up to 79.5% of loggers attached to birds detected vessels. The extent of overlap between albatrosses and fisheries has widespread implications for bycatch risk in seabirds and reveals the areas of intense fishing throughout the ocean. We suggest that seabirds equipped with radar detectors are excellent monitors of the presence of vessels in the Southern Ocean and offer a new way to monitor the presence of illegal fisheries and to better understand the impact of fisheries on seabirds. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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Place of Publication |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0888-8892 |
ISBN |
0888-8892 |
Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6667 |
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| Author |
Wöppelmann Guy, Marcos Marta, Santamaría‐Gómez Alvaro, Martín‐Míguez Belén, Bouin Marie‐Noëlle, Gravelle Médéric |
| Title |
Evidence for a differential sea level rise between hemispheres over the twentieth century |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
41 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1639-1643 |
| Keywords |
climate change geodesy GPS land motion sea level tide gauge |
| Abstract |
AbstractTide gauge records are the primary source of sea level information over multidecadal to century timescales. A critical issue in using this type of data to determine global climate?related contributions to sea level change concerns the vertical motion of the land upon which the gauges are grounded. Here we use observations from the Global Positioning System for the correction of this vertical land motion. As a result, the spatial coherence in the rates of sea level change during the twentieth century is highlighted at the local and the regional scales, ultimately revealing a clearly distinct behavior between the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres with values of 2.0?mm/yr and 1.1?mm/yr, respectively. Our findings challenge the widely accepted value of global sea level rise for the twentieth century. |
| Programme |
688 |
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| ISSN |
0094-8276 |
ISBN |
0094-8276 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6829 |
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| Author |
Young Rebecca C., Welcker Jorg, Barger Christopher P., Hatch Scott A., Merkling Thomas, Kitaiskaia Evgenia V., Haussmann Mark F., Kitaysky Alexander S. |
| Title |
Effects of developmental conditions on growth, stress and telomeres in black‐legged kittiwake chicks |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
3572-3584 |
| Keywords |
antioxidant corticosterone early‐life conditions growth rate telomeres thrifty phenotype |
| Abstract |
Early‐life conditions can drive ageing patterns and life history strategies throughout the lifespan. Certain social, genetic and nutritional developmental conditions are more likely to produce high‐quality offspring: those with good likelihood of recruitment and productivity. Here, we call such conditions “favoured states” and explore their relationship with physiological variables during development in a long‐lived seabird, the black‐legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). Two favoured states were experimentally generated by manipulation of food availability and brood size, while hatching order and sex were also explored as naturally generating favoured states. Thus, the favoured states we explored were high food availability, lower levels of sibling competition, hatching first and male sex. We tested the effects of favoured developmental conditions on growth, stress, telomere length (a molecular marker associated with lifespan) and nestling survival. Generation of favoured states through manipulation of both the nutritional and social environments furthered our understanding of their relative contributions to development and phenotype: increased food availability led to larger body size, reduced stress and higher antioxidant status, while lower sibling competition (social environment) led to lower telomere loss and longer telomere lengths in fledglings. Telomere length predicted nestling survival, and wing growth was also positively correlated with telomere length, supporting the idea that telomeres may indicate individual quality, mediated by favoured states. |
| Programme |
1162 |
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| ISSN |
0962-1083 |
ISBN |
0962-1083 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6680 |
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| Author |
Youngflesh Casey, Jenouvrier Stephanie, Li Yun, Ji Rubao, Ainley David G., Ballard Grant, Barbraud Christophe, Delord Karine, Dugger Katie M., Emmerson Louise M., Fraser William R., Hinke Jefferson T., Lyver Phil O’B., Olmastroni Silvia, Southwell Colin J., Trivelpiece Susan G., Trivelpiece Wayne Z., Lynch Heather J. |
| Title |
Circumpolar analysis of the Adélie Penguin reveals the importance of environmental variability in phenological mismatch |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
98 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
940-951 |
| Keywords |
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| Programme |
109 |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0012-9658 |
ISBN |
0012-9658 |
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Expedition |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6652 |
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| Author |
Amélineau, F., Bonnet, D., Heitz, O., Mortreux, V., Harding, A.M.A., Karnovsky, N., Walkusz, W., Fort, J., Grémillet, D |
| Title |
Microplastic pollution in the Greenland Sea: background levels and selective contamination of planktivorous diving seabirds |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Environmental pollution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ. Pollut. |
| Volume |
219 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1131-1139 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Microplastics have been reported everywhere around the globe. With very limited human activities, the Arctic is distant from major sources of microplastics. However, microplastic ingestions have been found in several Arctic marine predators, confirming their presence in this region. Nonetheless, existing information for the Arctic remains scarce, thus there is an urgent need to quantify the contamination of marine waters in this part of the world. In this context, we studied microplastic abundance and composition within the zooplankton community off East Greenland. For the same area, we concurrently evaluated microplastic contamination of little auks (Alle alle), an Arctic seabird feeding on zooplankton while diving between 0-50 m. The study took place off East Greenland in July 2005 and 2014, under strongly contrasted sea ice conditions. Among all samples, 97.2 % of the debris found were filaments. Despite the remoteness of our study area, microplastic abundances were comparable to those of other ocean basins, with 0.99 ± 0.62m-3 in the presence of sea-ice (2005), and 2.38 ± 1.11m-3 in the nearby absence of sea-ice (2014). These results suggest that sea ice can represent a sink for microplastic particles, which are subsequently released to the water column upon the melting. Crucially, all birds studied had eaten plastic filaments, and little auks collected significantly higher levels of microplastics compared to background levels with 9.99 and 8.99 pieces per chick meal in 2005 and 2014, respectively. Importantly, we also demonstrated that little auks more often take light colored microplastics, rather than darker ones, strongly suggesting an active contamination with birds mistaking microplastics for their natural prey. Overall, our study stresses the great vulnerability of Arctic marine species to microplastic pollution in a warming Arctic, where sea-ice melting is expected to release vast volumes of trapped debris. |
| Programme |
388 |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0269-7491 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6519 |
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| Author |
Amélineau, F., Grémillet, D., Bonnet, D., Le Bot, T., & Fort, J. |
| Title |
Where to Forage in the Absence of Sea Ice? Bathymetry As a Key Factor for an Arctic Seabird |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Plos one |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e0157764 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The earth is warming at an alarming rate, especially in the Arctic, where a marked decline in sea ice cover may have far-ranging consequences for endemic species. Little auks, endemic Arctic seabirds, are key bioindicators as they forage in the marginal ice zone and feed preferentially on lipid-rich Arctic copepods and ice-associated amphipods sensitive to the consequences of global warming. We tested how little auks cope with an ice-free foraging environment during the breeding season. To this end, we took advantage of natural variation in sea ice concentration along the east coast of Greenland. We compared foraging and diving behaviour, chick diet and growth and adult body condition between two years, in the presence versus nearby absence of sea ice in the vicinity of their breeding site. Moreover, we sampled zooplankton at sea when sea ice was absent to evaluate prey location and little auk dietary preferences. Little auks foraged in the same areas both years, irrespective of sea ice presence/concentration, and targeted the shelf break and the continental shelf. We confirmed that breeding little auks showed a clear preference for larger copepod species to feed their chick, but caught smaller copepods and nearly no ice-associated amphipod when sea ice was absent. Nevertheless, these dietary changes had no impact on chick growth and adult body condition. Our findings demonstrate the importance of bathymetry for profitable little auk foraging, whatever the sea-ice conditions. Our investigations, along with recent studies, also confirm more flexibility than previously predicted for this key species in a warming Arctic. |
| Programme |
388 |
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| ISSN |
1932-6203 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6518 |
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| Author |
Angot, H., Dion, I., Vogel, N., Legrand, M., Magand, O., Dommergue, A. |
| Title |
Multi-year record of atmospheric mercury at Dumont d'Urville, East Antarctic coast: continental outflow and oceanic influences |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Atmospheric chemistry and physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
1680-7316 |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
8265-8279 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Under the framework of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project, a 3.5-year record of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) has been gathered at Dumont d'Urville (DDU, 66°40′ S, 140°01′ E, 43 m above sea level) on the East Antarctic coast. Additionally, surface snow samples were collected in February 2009 during a traverse between Concordia Station located on the East Antarctic plateau and DDU. The record of atmospheric Hg(0) at DDU reveals particularities that are not seen at other coastal sites: a gradual decrease of concentrations over the course of winter, and a daily maximum concentration around midday in summer. Additionally, total mercury concentrations in surface snow samples were particularly elevated near DDU (up to 194.4 ng L−1) as compared to measurements at other coastal Antarctic sites. These differences can be explained by the more frequent arrival of inland air masses at DDU than at other coastal sites. This confirms the influence of processes observed on the Antarctic plateau on the cycle of atmospheric mercury at a continental scale, especially in areas subject to recurrent katabatic winds. DDU is also influenced by oceanic air masses and our data suggest that the ocean plays a dual role on Hg(0) concentrations. The open ocean may represent a source of atmospheric Hg(0) in summer whereas the sea-ice surface may provide reactive halogens in spring that can oxidize Hg(0). This paper also discusses implications for coastal Antarctic ecosystems and for the cycle of atmospheric mercury in high southern latitudes. |
| Programme |
1028 |
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| ISSN |
1680-7316 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6562 |
| Permanent link to this record |
