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Amalvict, M.; Willis, P.; Shibuya, K. |
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Title |
Status of DORIS Stations in Antarctica for Precise Geodesy |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Dynamic Planet |
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94-102 |
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Polar regions and especially Antarctica are nowadays recognised as exerting a major control upon the global Mean Sea Level (MSL) directly linked to climate changes. Monitoring and understanding the geodynamical behaviour of these regions is then of critical importance. The long-term displacement (or velocity) of reference sites helps constraining the ice sheet evolution prediction models. Several geodetic space techniques, such as GPS, observe displacements of such reference sites. In Antarctica, in addition to numerous GPS stations, four DORIS stations are permanently operating: Belgrano, Rothera, Syowa, Terre Adélie. In addition to the permanent DORIS stations, episodic DORIS campaigns took also place at Dome C / Concordia and on Sorsdal and Lambert glaciers. In this paper, we first present general information concerning the stations and the campaigns (exact location, period of measurements, etc). We then discuss the solutions obtained by different analysis centres (when available) for all DORIS stations in the Antarctic region. In particular, we use several ITRFs (from the early ITRF96 to ITRF2000) to see their impact on the derived velocities in Antarctica. An emphasis is given to the investigation and possible explanation of differences observed between each solution. Finally, we compare at these stations, the results of DORIS observations to the solutions from other geodetic techniques (GPS, VLBI) and to the results of repeated absolute gravity measurements (when available). |
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337 |
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yes |
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IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
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5503 |
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Author |
Amalvict. M, P. Willis, G. Wöppelmann, E. R. Ivins, M.N. Bouin, L. Testut, J. Hinderer. |
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Title |
Isostatic stability of the East Antarctic station Dumont d'Urville from long-term geodetic observations and geophysical models. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
POLAR RESEARCH |
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Volume |
28 |
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Pages |
193-202 |
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Geodetic measurements of the vertical crustal displacement collocated with absolute gravity changes provide a discriminatory measurement of present-day glacial changes, versus more deeply seated rock motions caused by glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). At the East Antarctic station of Dumont d’Urville, we compare the displacements derived from continuous DORIS (1993.0–
2006.0) and Global Positioning System (GPS) (1999.0–2005.7) data, and observed changes in absolute gravity (2000–2006), with the predicted vertical displacement and change in gravity from GIA modelling. The geodetic results have mutual self-consistency, suggest station stability and provide upper bounds on both GIA and secular ice mass changes. The GIA models tend to
predict amplitudes of rock motion larger than those observed, and we conclude that this part of Antarctica is probably experiencing a slight gain in ice mass, in contrast to West Antarctica |
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688 |
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0800-0395 |
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yes |
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5941 |
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Amandine GAMBLE |
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Influence de l’état nutritionnel au départ de la colonie sur l’efficacité du voyage alimentaire en mer après un jeûne prolongé chez le manchot royal (Rapport de Master 2 Ecophysiologie et Ethologie, Université de Strasbourg) |
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Master |
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2015 |
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119 |
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yes |
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6106 |
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Author |
Amandine Gamble, Henri Weimerskirch, Thierry Boulinier |
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Title |
Seabirds blinded by ticks |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
322-322 |
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Abstract |
In December 2017, on Possession Island (part of the Crozet Archipelago in the southern Indian Ocean), we observed two breeding white‐chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis ) with very high levels of tick (Ixodes kerguelenensis ) infestation on both eyes. This degree of infestation was likely responsible for the birds’ death. Although this rare observation may seem anecdotal, it reveals that ticks can be fatal for a long‐lived colonial seabird species, in this case one that is already under pressure from fisheries bycatch and predation by introduced black rats (Rattus rattus ). It also raises questions about the frequency and spatial distribution of such a phenomenon and the conditions that may have been responsible for its occurrence. Such high parasite loads imply high local tick abundances but also a lack of preening by the partner. Could this be linked to the recent death of the partner? Infestations by ticks can affect the health of hosts through blood loss, the injection of toxins, and the transmission of infectious agents. In this instance, the mechanical blocking of eyesight may also have affected the birds’ behavior. The potential impact of climate change on local parasitic infestation levels is another important question. Parasites and diseases can harm endangered species in polar and subpolar areas, and could play critical roles in some circumstances. |
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1151 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1540-9309 |
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yes |
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7797 |
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Author |
Amandine Gamble, Romain Bazire, Karine Delord, Christophe Barbraud, Audrey Jaeger, Hubert Gantelet, Eric Thibault, Camille Lebarbenchon, Erwan Lagadec, Pablo Tortosa, Henri Weimerskirch, Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, Romain Garnier, Jérémy Tornos, Thierry Boulinier |
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Title |
Predator and scavenger movements among and within endangered seabird colonies: Opportunities for pathogen spread |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
367-378 |
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Keywords |
conservation biology disease ecology dynamic space utilization individual heterogeneity movement ecology Pasteurella multocida sentinel species serology |
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Abstract |
The spatial structure of host communities is expected to constrain pathogen spread. However, predators and/or scavengers may connect distant host (sub)populations when foraging. Determining whether some individuals or populations play a prominent role in the spread of pathogens is critical to inform management measures. We explored movements and epidemiological status of brown skuas Stercorarius antarcticus, the only avian terrestrial consumer native of Amsterdam Island (Indian Ocean), to assess whether and how they could be involved in the spread of the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, which recurrently causes avian cholera outbreaks in endangered albatross and penguin species breeding on the island. High proportions of seropositive and DNA-positive individuals for P. multocida indicated that skuas are highly exposed to the pathogen and may be able to transmit it. Movement tracking revealed that the foraging ranges of breeding skuas largely overlap among individuals and expand all along the coasts where albatrosses and penguins nest, but not on the inland plateau hosting the endemic Amsterdam albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis. Considering the epidemiological and movement data, skua movements may provide opportunity for pathogen spread among and within seabird colonies. Synthesis and applications. This work highlights the importance of considering the behaviour and epidemiological status of predators and scavengers in disease dynamics because the foraging movements of individuals of such species can potentially limit the efficiency of local management measures in spatially structured host communities. Such species could thus represent priority vaccination targets to implement efficient management measures aiming at limiting pathogen spread and also be used as sentinels to monitor pathogen circulation and evaluate the effectiveness of management measures. |
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Programme |
109,1151 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1365-2664 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7683 |
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Author |
Amandine Gamble, Romain Garnier, Audrey Jaeger, Hubert Gantelet, Eric Thibault, Pablo Tortosa, Vincent Bourret, Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, Karine Delord, Henri Weimerskirch, Jérémy Tornos, Christophe Barbraud, Thierry Boulinier |
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Title |
Exposure of breeding albatrosses to the agent of avian cholera: dynamics of antibody levels and ecological implications |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
189 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
939-949 |
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Keywords |
Capture–mark–recapture Disease ecology Immuno-ecology Maternal antibodies Seabird Serological dynamics Survival |
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Abstract |
Despite critical implications for disease dynamics and surveillance in wild long-lived species, the immune response after exposure to potentially highly pathogenic bacterial disease agents is still poorly known. Among infectious diseases threatening wild populations, avian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, is a major concern. It frequently causes massive mortality events in wild populations, notably affecting nestlings of Indian yellow-nosed albatrosses (Thalassarche carteri) in the Indian Ocean. If adults are able to mount a long-term immune response, this could have important consequences regarding the dynamics of the pathogen in the local host community and the potential interest of vaccinating breeding females to transfer immunity to their offspring. By tracking the dynamics of antibodies against P. multocida during 4 years and implementing a vaccination experiment in a population of yellow-nosed albatrosses, we show that a significant proportion of adults were naturally exposed despite high annual survival for both vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. Adult-specific antibody levels were thus maintained long enough to inform about recent exposure. However, only low levels of maternal antibodies could be detected in nestlings the year following a vaccination of their mothers. A modification of the vaccine formulation and the possibility to re-vaccinate females 2 years after the first vaccination revealed that vaccines have the potential to elicit a stronger and more persistent response. Such results highlight the value of long-term observational and experimental studies of host exposure to infectious agents in the wild, where ecological and evolutionary processes are likely critical for driving disease dynamics. |
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109,1151 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1432-1939 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7474 |
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Author |
Amandine Gamble, Romain Garnier, Thierry Chambert, Olivier Gimenez, Thierry Boulinier |
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Title |
Next-generation serology: integrating cross-sectional and capture–recapture approaches to infer disease dynamics |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
101 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e02923 |
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Keywords |
detectability eco-epidemiology immunity persistence sampling strategy study design wildlife |
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Abstract |
Two approaches have been classically used in disease ecology to estimate epidemiological parameters from field studies: cross-sectional sampling from unmarked individuals and longitudinal capture–recapture setups, which generally involve more limited numbers of marked individuals due to cost and logistical constraints. Although the benefits of longitudinal setups are increasingly acknowledged in the disease ecology community, cross-sectional data remain largely overrepresented in the literature, probably because of the inherent costs of longitudinal surveys. In this context, we used simulated data to compare the performances of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs to estimate the force of infection (i.e., the rate at which susceptible individuals become infected). Then, inspired from recent method developments in quantitative ecology, we explore the benefits of integrating both cross-sectional (seroprevalences) and longitudinal (individuals histories) data sets. In doing so, we investigate the effects of host species life history, antibody persistence, and degree of a priori knowledge and uncertainty on demographic and epidemiological parameters, as those are expected to affect in different ways the level of inference possible from the data. Our results highlight how those elements are important to consider in determining optimal sampling designs. In the case of long-lived species exposed to infectious agents resulting in persistent antibody responses, integrated designs are especially valuable as they benefit from the performances of longitudinal designs even with relatively small longitudinal sample sizes. As an illustration, we apply this approach to a combination of empirical and simulated data inspired from a case of bats exposed to a rabies virus. Overall, this work highlights that serology field studies could greatly benefit from the opportunity of integrating cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. |
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Programme |
333,1151 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1939-9170 |
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yes |
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7715 |
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Author |
Amandine Kaiser, Davide Faranda, Sebastian Krumscheid, Danijel Belušić, Nikki Vercauteren |
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Title |
Detecting Regime Transitions of the Nocturnal and Polar Near-Surface Temperature Inversion |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of the atmospheric sciences |
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Volume |
77 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2921-2940 |
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Abstract |
Abstract Many natural systems undergo critical transitions, i.e., sudden shifts from one dynamical regime to another. In the climate system, the atmospheric boundary layer can experience sudden transitions between fully turbulent states and quiescent, quasi-laminar states. Such rapid transitions are observed in polar regions or at night when the atmospheric boundary layer is stably stratified, and they have important consequences in the strength of mixing with the higher levels of the atmosphere. To analyze the stable boundary layer, many approaches rely on the identification of regimes that are commonly denoted as weakly and very stable regimes. Detecting transitions between the regimes is crucial for modeling purposes. In this work a combination of methods from dynamical systems and statistical modeling is applied to study these regime transitions and to develop an early warning signal that can be applied to nonstationary field data. The presented metric aims to detect nearing transitions by statistically quantifying the deviation from the dynamics expected when the system is close to a stable equilibrium. An idealized stochastic model of near-surface inversions is used to evaluate the potential of the metric as an indicator of regime transitions. In this stochastic system, small-scale perturbations can be amplified due to the nonlinearity, resulting in transitions between two possible equilibria of the temperature inversion. The simulations show such noise-induced regime transitions, successfully identified by the indicator. The indicator is further applied to time series data from nocturnal and polar meteorological measurements. |
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1013 |
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0022-4928, 1520-0469 |
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yes |
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8151 |
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Amata E., Alfonsi L., Cafarella L., Candidi M., Coco I., Consolini G., De Lauretis M;, Di Mauro D., De Franceschi G., Francia P., Marcucci M.F., Massetti S., Meloni A., Romano V., Vellante M., Villante U. |
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Observations of magnetospheric and ionospheric phenomena from the polar regions: the Italian contribution to IPY |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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2006 |
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XXIX SCAR Open Science Conference, 9-19 July, 2006, Hobart (Tasmania) |
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1130 |
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5382 |
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AMATO P., HENNEBELLE R., MAGAND O., SANCELME M., DELORT A-M., BARBANTE C., FERRARI C. and BOUTRON C. FEMS microbiol. Ecol.
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Bacterial characterization of the snow cover in Svalbard, Spitzberg. |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
Publication |
Fems microbiology letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
FEMS Microbiol. Lett. |
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59 |
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255-264. |
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399 |
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0378-1097 |
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3395 |
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