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Amalvict, M.; Willis, P.; Shibuya, K. (2007). Status of DORIS Stations in Antarctica for Precise Geodesy.
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. (2009). Isostatic stability of the East Antarctic station Dumont d'Urville from long-term geodetic observations and geophysical models. POLAR RESEARCH, 28, 193–202.
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Amandine GAMBLE. (2015).
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Amandine Gamble, Henri Weimerskirch, Thierry Boulinier. (2020). Seabirds blinded by ticks (Vol. 18). Bachelor's thesis, , .
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. (2020). Predator and scavenger movements among and within endangered seabird colonies: Opportunities for pathogen spread (Vol. 57). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: The spatial structure of host communities is expected to constrain pathogen spread. However, predators and/or scavengers may connect distant host (sub)populations when foraging. Determining whether some individuals or populations play a prominent role in the spread of pathogens is critical to inform management measures. We explored movements and epidemiological status of brown skuas Stercorarius antarcticus, the only avian terrestrial consumer native of Amsterdam Island (Indian Ocean), to assess whether and how they could be involved in the spread of the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, which recurrently causes avian cholera outbreaks in endangered albatross and penguin species breeding on the island. High proportions of seropositive and DNA-positive individuals for P. multocida indicated that skuas are highly exposed to the pathogen and may be able to transmit it. Movement tracking revealed that the foraging ranges of breeding skuas largely overlap among individuals and expand all along the coasts where albatrosses and penguins nest, but not on the inland plateau hosting the endemic Amsterdam albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis. Considering the epidemiological and movement data, skua movements may provide opportunity for pathogen spread among and within seabird colonies. Synthesis and applications. This work highlights the importance of considering the behaviour and epidemiological status of predators and scavengers in disease dynamics because the foraging movements of individuals of such species can potentially limit the efficiency of local management measures in spatially structured host communities. Such species could thus represent priority vaccination targets to implement efficient management measures aiming at limiting pathogen spread and also be used as sentinels to monitor pathogen circulation and evaluate the effectiveness of management measures.
Keywords: conservation biology disease ecology dynamic space utilization individual heterogeneity movement ecology Pasteurella multocida sentinel species serology
Programme: 109,1151
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. (2019). Exposure of breeding albatrosses to the agent of avian cholera: dynamics of antibody levels and ecological implications (Vol. 189). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: Despite critical implications for disease dynamics and surveillance in wild long-lived species, the immune response after exposure to potentially highly pathogenic bacterial disease agents is still poorly known. Among infectious diseases threatening wild populations, avian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, is a major concern. It frequently causes massive mortality events in wild populations, notably affecting nestlings of Indian yellow-nosed albatrosses (Thalassarche carteri) in the Indian Ocean. If adults are able to mount a long-term immune response, this could have important consequences regarding the dynamics of the pathogen in the local host community and the potential interest of vaccinating breeding females to transfer immunity to their offspring. By tracking the dynamics of antibodies against P. multocida during 4 years and implementing a vaccination experiment in a population of yellow-nosed albatrosses, we show that a significant proportion of adults were naturally exposed despite high annual survival for both vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. Adult-specific antibody levels were thus maintained long enough to inform about recent exposure. However, only low levels of maternal antibodies could be detected in nestlings the year following a vaccination of their mothers. A modification of the vaccine formulation and the possibility to re-vaccinate females 2 years after the first vaccination revealed that vaccines have the potential to elicit a stronger and more persistent response. Such results highlight the value of long-term observational and experimental studies of host exposure to infectious agents in the wild, where ecological and evolutionary processes are likely critical for driving disease dynamics.
Programme: 109,1151
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Amandine Gamble, Romain Garnier, Thierry Chambert, Olivier Gimenez, Thierry Boulinier. (2019). (Vol. 101). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Keywords: detectability eco-epidemiology immunity persistence sampling strategy study design wildlife
Programme: 333,1151
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. (2020). Detecting Regime Transitions of the Nocturnal and Polar Near-Surface Temperature Inversion (Vol. 77).
Abstract: Abstract Many natural systems undergo critical transitions, i.e., sudden shifts from one dynamical regime to another. In the climate system, the atmospheric boundary layer can experience sudden transitions between fully turbulent states and quiescent, quasi-laminar states. Such rapid transitions are observed in polar regions or at night when the atmospheric boundary layer is stably stratified, and they have important consequences in the strength of mixing with the higher levels of the atmosphere. To analyze the stable boundary layer, many approaches rely on the identification of regimes that are commonly denoted as weakly and very stable regimes. Detecting transitions between the regimes is crucial for modeling purposes. In this work a combination of methods from dynamical systems and statistical modeling is applied to study these regime transitions and to develop an early warning signal that can be applied to nonstationary field data. The presented metric aims to detect nearing transitions by statistically quantifying the deviation from the dynamics expected when the system is close to a stable equilibrium. An idealized stochastic model of near-surface inversions is used to evaluate the potential of the metric as an indicator of regime transitions. In this stochastic system, small-scale perturbations can be amplified due to the nonlinearity, resulting in transitions between two possible equilibria of the temperature inversion. The simulations show such noise-induced regime transitions, successfully identified by the indicator. The indicator is further applied to time series data from nocturnal and polar meteorological measurements.
Programme: 1013
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Amata E., Alfonsi L., Cafarella L., Candidi M., Coco I., Consolini G., De Lauretis M;, Di Mauro D., De Franceschi G., Francia P., Marcucci M.F., Massetti S., Meloni A., Romano V., Vellante M., Villante U. (2006). Observations of magnetospheric and ionospheric phenomena from the polar regions: the Italian contribution to IPY.
Abstract: XXIX SCAR Open Science Conference, 9-19 July, 2006, Hobart (Tasmania)
Programme: 1130
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AMATO P., HENNEBELLE R., MAGAND O., SANCELME M., DELORT A-M., BARBANTE C., FERRARI C. and BOUTRON C. FEMS microbiol. Ecol.
. (2007). Bacterial characterization of the snow cover in Svalbard, Spitzberg. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 59, 255–264.
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