| Records |
Author  |
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| Title |
Water cycle and salinity dynamics in the mangrove forests of Europa and Juan de Nova Islands, southwest Indian Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
30 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
311-320 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Rationale The functioning of mangrove forests found on small coralline islands is characterized by limited freshwater inputs. Here, we present data on the water cycling of such systems located on Europa and Juan de Nova Islands, Mozambique Channel. Methods In order to better understand the water cycle and mangrove growth conditions, we have analysed the hydrological and salinity dynamics of the systems by gauge pressure and isotopic tracing (?18O and ?2H values). Results Both islands have important seawater intrusion as measured by the water level change and the high salinities in the karstic ponds. Europa Island displays higher salinity stress, with its inner lagoon, but presents a pluri?specific mangrove species formation ranging from shrub to forest stands. No freshwater signal could be detected around the mangrove trees. On Juan de Nova Island, the presence of sand and detrital sediment allows the storage of some amount of rainfall to form a brackish groundwater. The mangrove surface area is very limited with only small mono?specific stands being present in karstic depression. Conclusions On the drier Europa Island, the salinity of all the water points is equal to or higher than that of the seawater, and on Juan de Nova the groundwater salinity is lower (5 to 20 PSU). This preliminary study shows that the karstic pothole mangroves exist due to the sea connection through the fractured coral and the high tidal dynamics. Copyright ? 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| Programme |
688 |
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| ISSN |
0951-4198 |
ISBN |
0951-4198 |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6849 |
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| Author |
Legrand Michel, Yang Xin, Preunkert Susanne, Theys Nicolas |
| Title |
Year?round records of sea salt, gaseous, and particulate inorganic bromine in the atmospheric boundary layer at coastal (Dumont d'Urville) and central (Concordia) East Antarctic sites |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
121 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
997-1023 |
| Keywords |
Antarctic sea ice Antarctica inorganic bromine oxidants sea salt |
| Abstract |
Abstract Multiple year?round records of bulk and size?segregated compositions of aerosol were obtained at the coastal Dumont d'Urville (DDU) and inland Concordia sites located in East Antarctica. They document the sea?salt aerosol load and composition including, for the first time in Antarctica, the bromide depletion of sea?salt aerosol relative to sodium with respect to seawater. In parallel, measurements of bromide trapped in mist chambers and denuder tubes were done to investigate the concentrations of gaseous inorganic bromine species. These data are compared to simulations done with an off?line chemistry transport model, coupled with a full tropospheric bromine chemistry scheme and a process?based sea?salt production module that includes both sea?ice?sourced and open?ocean?sourced aerosol emissions. Observed and simulated sea?salt concentrations sometime differ by up to a factor of 2 to 3, particularly at DDU possibly due to local wind pattern. In spite of these discrepancies, both at coastal and inland Antarctica, the dominance of sea?ice?related processes with respect to open ocean emissions for the sea?salt aerosol load in winter is confirmed. For summer, observations and simulations point out sea salt as the main source of gaseous inorganic bromine species. Investigations of bromide in snow pit samples do not support the importance of snowpack bromine emissions over the Antarctic Plateau. To evaluate the overall importance of the bromine chemistry over East Antarctica, BrO simulations were also discussed with respect data derived from GOME?2 satellite observations over Antarctica. |
| Programme |
1154 |
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| ISSN |
2169-897X |
ISBN |
2169-897X |
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yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6736 |
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| Title |
Around the pole: evolution of sub?Antarctic Ranunculus |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
875-886 |
| Keywords |
dispersal divergence time estimates ecomorphology historical biogeography phylogenetic biogeography Ranunculus sub?Antarctic islands |
| Abstract |
Abstract Aim Despite an improved understanding of Southern Hemisphere plant biogeography, the origins and evolution of sub?Antarctic floras remain poorly studied. Here, we investigate the historical biogeography of sub?Antarctic representatives of the genus Ranunculus. We aimed to establish when and from where the sub?Antarctic ranunculi originated as well as to examine the extent to which ecomorphological traits explain contemporary biogeographical patterns. Location Southern temperate and sub?Antarctic zones. Methods We first estimated a dated phylogeny for Ranunculus using combined chloroplast and nuclear data for 53 accessions; divergence times were inferred based on three temporal calibrations. We then used non?parametric multidimensional scaling to evaluate the ecomorphological diversity of 67 austral ranunculi representing a combination of sub?Antarctic species and those restricted to lower latitude landmasses. Results Phylogenetic analyses indicated that several Ranunculus lineages have colonized the sub?Antarctic islands. Divergence time estimates suggest recent arrival from source areas in Australia, New Zealand or South America. Species exhibiting two distinct ecomorphological trait combinations occur in both sub?Antarctic and lower latitude habitats; the proportions of each combination differed significantly between these areas. Main conclusions Ranunculus has colonized the sub?Antarctic on several occasions, most often arriving from the lower latitude landmasses prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. Taken together our analyses suggest that chance effects are likely to have influenced species arrival. However, following arrival trait?environment interactions appear to have been important for the subsequent establishment and persistence of ranunculi in sub?Antarctic habitats. |
| Programme |
136,1116 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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0305-0270 |
ISBN |
0305-0270 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6734 |
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| Author |
Marchaudon A., Blelly P.?L. |
| Title |
A new interhemispheric 16?moment model of the plasmasphere?ionosphere system: IPIM |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
120 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
5728-5745 |
| Keywords |
centrifugal acceleration interhemispheric exchanges mirror force temperature anisotropy |
| Abstract |
Abstract We present a new interhemispheric numerical model: the IRAP plasmasphere?ionosphere model (IPIM). This model describes the transport of the multispecies ionospheric plasma from one hemisphere to the other along convecting and corotating magnetic field lines, taking into account source processes at low altitude such as photoproduction, chemistry, and energization through the coupling with a kinetic code solving the transport of suprathermal electron along the field line. Among the new developments, a 16?moment?based approach is used for the transport equations in order to allow development of strong temperature anisotropy at high altitude and we consider important but often neglected effects, such as inertial acceleration (centrifugal and Coriolis). In this paper, after presenting in detail the principle of the model, we focus on preliminary results showing the original contribution of this new model. For these first runs, we simulate the convection and corotation transport of closed flux tubes in the plasmasphere for tilted/eccentric dipolar magnetic field configuration in solstice and equinox conditions. We follow different flux tubes between 1.2 and 6 Earth Radii (RE) and demonstrate the capability of the model to describe a wide range of density (above 15 orders of magnitude). The relevance of the mathematical approach used is highlighted, as anisotropies can develop above 3000?km in the plasmasphere as a result of the mirroring effect related to the anisotropic pressure tensor. Moreover, we show that the addition of inertial acceleration may become critical to describe plasma interhemispheric transport above 4RE. The ability of the model to describe the external plasmasphere is demonstrated, and innovative studies are foreseen, regarding the dynamics of the plasma along the magnetic field lines (in particular interhemispheric exchanges and ?opening?/?closure? of a flux tube). |
| Programme |
312 |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2169-9380 |
ISBN |
2169-9380 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
6855 |
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| Author |
Merieme Chadid |
| Title |
Depuis l’Antarctique, les mystères del’origine de l’Univers... |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Le journal du CNRS |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
20 Automne 2015 |
Issue |
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Pages |
20-23 |
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| Abstract |
Depuis déjà 2004, une collaboration dans la recherche en astronomie entre notre équipe et l’Académie des Sciences de Chine(CAS) s’est consolidée autour de la qualification des sites astronomiques et la physique des atmosphères et la pulsation stellaire.De nombreux échanges de chercheurs ont eu lieu entre nos instituts ainsi que des observations astronomiques faites aussi bien en France qu’en Chine (Tibet). De nombreuses publications conjointes ont vu le jour dans des revues internationales de rang A. |
| Programme |
1096 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
6382 |
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Reproductive effort and oxidative stress: effects of offspring sex and number on the physiological state of a long?lived bird |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
31 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1201-1209 |
| Keywords |
black?legged kittiwake cost of reproduction hypothesis malondialdehydes oxidative cost of reproduction parental care Rissa tridactyla: superoxide dismutase sex allocation |
| Abstract |
Summary Individuals must trade?off between energetically costly activities to maximize their fitness. However, the underlying physiological mechanism remains elusive. Oxidative stress, the imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant and/or repair activities, has been suggested to underlie life?history trade?offs: greater investment in reproduction supposedly generating higher oxidative damage, thus reducing life span. While most studies used natural or experimental variation in offspring number to examine how reproduction affects oxidative stress, none studied the impact of offspring sex, although it could influence physiological costs and fitness, if the sexes differ in terms of energetic cost. Here, we aim at further understanding how reproduction (in terms of offspring sex, experimentally manipulated and number, not manipulated) influences oxidative stress in a wild seabird, where sons are energetically costlier than daughters. We did so by conducting a chick fostering experiment (to disentangle foster and produced sex ratio) and using four oxidative stress markers plus baseline corticosterone. First, the results suggest that individual physiological state before laying modulates upcoming reproductive effort. Individuals with higher pre?laying baseline corticosterone and lower antioxidant activity, estimated by their superoxide dismutase activity, subsequently invested more in reproduction, estimated by the cumulative number of days spent rearing chicks. Hence, it seems that only individuals that could afford to invest heavily in reproduction did so. Then, we examined the effects of reproductive effort on individual physiological state at the end of the breeding season. Higher reproductive effort seemed to imply higher physiological costs. Oxidative stress, estimated by the ratio of oxidized over reduced glutathione, increased with more male?biased foster sex ratio among mothers but not among fathers, whereas baseline corticosterone did so in both sexes. Similarly, lipid oxidative damage to red blood cells increased with increasing cumulative number of days spent rearing chicks. Our study provides the first evidence that brood sex ratio variation can affect oxidative balance, potentially in a sex?specific way, although more studies are needed to understand whether the observed physiological costs could lead to fitness costs. It also highlights the need to consider sex ratio in future studies investigating the role of oxidative stress in life?history trade?offs. A lay summary is available for this article. |
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1162 |
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0269-8463 |
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0269-8463 |
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yes |
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6679 |
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Reproductive strategy as a piece of the biogeographic puzzle: a case study using Antarctic sea stars (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
848-860 |
| Keywords |
Antarctica benthos biogeographic barrier Echinodermata invertebrate regionalization reproductive mode sea stars Southern Ocean |
| Abstract |
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1044 |
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0305-0270 |
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0305-0270 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
6690 |
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| Author |
Palerme, C., A. Berne, C. Genthon, C. Amory, H. bellot, L. Piard, M. del Guasta |
| Title |
Surface-based observation of antarctic precipitation for satellite calm-val |
Type |
Conference - International - Communication |
| Year |
2014 |
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Workshop on novel mission concepts for snow and cryosphere research, ESA/ESTAEC, Hollande, 16-17 sept 2014 |
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1013 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
5984 |
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| Title |
Effect of extreme sea surface temperature events on the demography of an age-structured albatross population |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
372 |
Issue |
1723 |
Pages |
20160143 |
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109 |
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0962-8436 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7175 |
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Polar Front around the Kerguelen Islands: An up?to?date determination and associated circulation of surface/subsurface waters |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
119 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
6575-6592 |
| Keywords |
Kerguelen Polar Front Southern Ocean |
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688 |
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2169-9275 |
ISBN |
2169-9275 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6839 |
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