Waugh S., Weimerskirch H., Moore P.J. & Sagar P.M. (1999). Population dynamics of New-Zealand Black-browed and Grey-headed Albatrosses Diomedea melanophrys and D. chrysostoma at Campbell Island, New Zealand, 1942-96. Ibis (Lond. 1859), 141, 216–225.
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Waugh S. & Weimerskirch H. (2003). Environmental heterogeneity and the evolution of foraging behaviour in long ranging greater albatrosses. Oikos, , 374–384.
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Watanuki Y., Takahashi A., Sato K., Kato A. & Bost C.A. (2004). Inter-colony differences in the effects of parental body condition and foraging effort on the brood growth of Adélie Penguins. Journal of ethology, 22 , 91–98.
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Watanuki Y., Kato A., Sato K., Niizuma Y., Bost C.A., Le Maho Y. & Naito Y. (2002). Parental mass change and food provisioning in Adelie penguins rearing chicks in colonies with contrasting sea-ice conditions. Polar Biol., 25, 672–681.
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Watanabe Yuuki Y, Takahashi Akinori, Sato Katsufumi, Viviant Morgane, Bost Charles-André, . (2011). Poor flight performance in deep-diving cormorants.
. J. Exp. Biol., 214(Pt 3), 412–21.
Abstract: Aerial flight and breath-hold diving present conflicting morphological and physiological demands, and hence diving seabirds capable of flight are expected to face evolutionary trade-offs regarding locomotory performances. We tested whether Kerguelen shags Phalacrocorax verrucosus, which are remarkable divers, have poor flight capability using newly developed tags that recorded their flight air speed (the first direct measurement for wild birds) with propeller sensors, flight duration, GPS position and depth during foraging trips. Flight air speed (mean 12.7 m s(-1)) was close to the speed that minimizes power requirement, rather than energy expenditure per distance, when existing aerodynamic models were applied. Flights were short (mean 92 s), with a mean summed duration of only 24 min day(-1). Shags sometimes stayed at the sea surface without diving between flights, even on the way back to the colony, and surface durations increased with the preceding flight durations; these observations suggest that shags rested after flights. Our results indicate that their flight performance is physiologically limited, presumably compromised by their great diving capability (max. depth 94 m, duration 306 s) through their morphological adaptations for diving, including large body mass (enabling a large oxygen store), small flight muscles (to allow for large leg muscles for underwater propulsion) and short wings (to decrease air volume in the feathers and hence buoyancy). The compromise between flight and diving, as well as the local bathymetry, shape the three-dimensional foraging range (<26 km horizontally, <94 m vertically) in this bottom-feeding cormorant.
Keywords: Animals, Biomechanics, Birds, Birds: physiology, Body Weight, Diving, Diving: physiology, Energy Metabolism, Female, Flight, Animal, Flight, Animal: physiology, Male, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle, Skeletal: physiology, Respiration, Seawater, Swimming, Swimming: physiology, Water, Wing, Wing: anatomy & histology, Wing: physiology,
Programme: 394
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Watanabe M., Pinnock M., Rodger A.S., Sato N., Yamagishi H., Yukimatu A.S., Greenwald R.A., Villain J.P. & Hairston M.R. (1998). Localized activation of the distant tail neutral line just prior to substorm onsets. J. Geophys. Res., 103(a8), 17651–17669.
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Wastine, B., M. Schmidt, and M. Ramonet. (2007). CO2 measurement techniques and calibration strategy in the RAMCES network.
Abstract: 14th CO2 Expert Meeting, Helsinki, 10-13 Sep 2007
Programme: 416
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Warrick, R.A., Le Provost, C., Meier, M.F., Oerlemans, J. and Woodworth, P.L. (1995). Changes in sea level.
Abstract: Lead authors of Chapter 7 (Changes in sea level) of Climate Change 1995. The science of climate change. Contribution of working group I to the second assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds. J.T.Houghton, L.G.Meira Filho, B.A.Callander, N.Harris, A.Kattenberg and K.Maskell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 572pp.
Programme: 688
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Warren RL. Cairns, Clara Turetta, Niccolò Maffezzoli, Olivier Magand, Beatriz Ferreira Araujo, Hélène Angot, Delia Segato, Paolo Cristofanelli, Francesca Sprovieri, Claudio Scarchilli, Paolo Grigioni, Virginia Ciardini, Carlo Barbante, Aurélien Dommergue, Andrea Spolaor. (2021). Mercury in precipitated and surface snow at Dome C and a first estimate of mercury depositional fluxes during the Austral summer on the high Antarctic plateau (Vol. 262).
Abstract: The role of deposition fluxes on the mercury cycle at Concordia station, on the high Antarctic plateau have been investigated over the Austral summer between December 2017 to January 2018. Wet/frozen deposition was collected daily from specially sited tables, simultaneously with the collection of surface (0–3 cm) and subsurface (3–6 cm) snow and the analysis of Hg0 in the ambient air. Over the course of the experiment the atmospheric Hg0 concentrations ranged from 0.58 ± 0.19 to 1.00 ± 0.33 ng m−3, surface snow Hg concentrations varied between (0–3 cm) 0.006 ± 0.003 to 0.001 ± 0.001 ng cm−3 and subsurface snow (3–6 cm) concentrations varied between 0.001 ± 0.001 to 0.003 ± 0.002 ng cm−3. The maximum daily wet deposition flux was found to be 23 ng m−2 d−1. Despite the low temporal resolution of our measurements combined with their potential errors, the linear regression of the Hg deposition fluxes against the snow accumulation rates allowed us to estimate the mean dry deposition rate from the intercept of the graph as −0.005 +- 0.008 ng m−2 d−1. From this analysis, we conclude that wet deposition accounts for the vast majority of the Hg deposition fluxes at Concordia Station. The number of snow events, together with the continuous GEM measurements have allowed us to make a first estimation of the mean snow scavenging factor at Dome C. Using the slope of the regression of mercury flux on snow accumulation we obtained a snow scavenging factor that ranges from 0.21 to 0.22 ± 0.02 (ngHg/g snow)/(ngHg/m3 air). Our data indicate that the boundary layer height and local meteorological effects influence Hg0 reemission from the top of (0–3 cm) the snowpack into the atmosphere and into the deeper snowpack layer (3–6 cm). These data will help constrain numerical models on the behaviour of mercury in Antarctica.
Keywords: Atmospheric conditions High resolution sampling Snow scavenging factor Snow sublimation
Programme: 1028
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Ward Chelsea. (2019). Does eye region surface temperature reflects energy reserves and stress: an experimental approach in free living king penguins (travail en cours).
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