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Title |
Numerical experiments on vapor diffusion in polar snow and firn and its impact on isotopes using the multi-layer energy balance model Crocus in SURFEX v8.0 |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Geoscientific Model Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
2393-2418 |
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Abstract |
Abstract. To evaluate the impact of vapor diffusion on isotopic composition variations in snow pits and then in ice cores, we introduced water isotopes in the detailed snowpack model Crocus. At each step and for each snow layer, (1) the initial isotopic composition of vapor is taken at equilibrium with the solid phase, (2) a kinetic fractionation is applied during transport, and (3) vapor is condensed or snow is sublimated to compensate for deviation to vapor pressure at saturation. We study the different effects of temperature gradient, compaction, wind compaction, and precipitation on the final vertical isotopic profiles. We also run complete simulations of vapor diffusion along isotopic gradients and of vapor diffusion driven by temperature gradients at GRIP, Greenland and at Dome C, Antarctica over periods of 1 or 10 years. The vapor diffusion tends to smooth the original seasonal signal, with an attenuation of 7 to 12% of the original signal over 10 years at GRIP. This is smaller than the observed attenuation in ice cores, indicating that the model attenuation due to diffusion is underestimated or that other processes, such as ventilation, influence attenuation. At Dome C, the attenuation is stronger (18%), probably because of the lower accumulation and stronger ?18O gradients. |
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1110 |
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1991-959X |
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1991-959X |
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yes |
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7356 |
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Title |
Importance of the advection scheme for the simulation of water isotopes over Antarctica by atmospheric general circulation models: A case study for present-day and Last Glacial Maximum with LMDZ-iso |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Earth and Planetary Science Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
524 |
Issue |
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Pages |
115731 |
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Abstract |
Atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) are known to have a warm and isotopically enriched bias over Antarctica. We test here the hypothesis that these biases are partly consequences of a too diffusive advection. Exploiting the LMDZ-iso model, we show that a less diffusive representation of the advection, especially on the horizontal, is very important to reduce the bias in the isotopic contents of precipitation above this area. The choice of an appropriate representation of the advection is thus essential when using GCMs for paleoclimate applications based on polar water isotopes. Too much diffusive mixing along the poleward transport leads to overestimated isotopic contents in water vapor because dehydration by mixing follows a more enriched path than dehydration by Rayleigh distillation. The near-air surface temperature is also influenced, to a lesser extent, by the diffusive properties of the advection scheme directly via the advection of the air and indirectly via the radiative effects of changes in high cloud fraction and water vapor. A too diffusive horizontal advection increases the temperature and so also contributes to enrich the isotopic contents of water vapor over Antarctica through a reduction of the distillation. The temporal relationship, from Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to present-day conditions, between the mean annual near-air surface temperature and the water isotopic contents of precipitation for a specific location can also be impacted, with significant consequences on the paleo-temperature reconstruction from observed changes in water isotopes. |
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1013,1149,1176 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0012-821X |
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yes |
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8158 |
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A healthy, premoult adult king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) with a markedly twisted beak |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Polar Record |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
53 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
631-632 |
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394 |
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0032-2474, 1475-3057 |
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0032-2474, 1475-3057 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6853 |
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Title |
Differences in foraging habitat result in contrasting fisheries interactions in two albatross populations |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
663 |
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Pages |
197-208 |
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Keywords |
Boat attraction Crozet Diomedea exulans Fisheries Fisheries discards Kerguelen |
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Abstract |
Albatrosses attend fishing boats to feed on fishing discards but are often at risk of accidental bycatch. To examine whether populations (same species) and sexes differ in their overlap with fisheries due to differences in habitat use, we combined the use of recently developed loggers equipped with GPS and boat radar detectors with Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Our study indicates that incubating wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans from Crozet and Kerguelen foraged in different habitats although the duration of trips was similar. Both female and male Kerguelen birds took advantage of the large and productive surrounding shelf, whereas Crozet birds used the small shelf around the islands to a lesser extent. In Crozet, there was segregation between males and females, the latter favouring deeper and warmer waters. The 2 strategies of habitat use led to different overlap and attraction to boats, with Kerguelen birds encountering and attending boats for longer and at closer proximity to the colony than Crozet birds. Crozet females encountered boats at greater distances from the colony than males. Because of their different habitat use and foraging outside exclusive economic zones (EEZ) and further from the colony, Crozet birds attended more non-declared boats (without AIS) than Kerguelen birds. Albatrosses were more attracted by fisheries than cargo vessels and were especially attracted by fishing discards that led them to attend vessels for longer periods for both sexes and populations. The differences found between populations and individuals in terms of habitat specialization and encounter rate of fisheries should be considered for future assessments of risk of bycatch. |
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109 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7940 |
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Author |
Alexandre Corbeau, Julien Collet, Melissa Fontenille, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
How do seabirds modify their search behaviour when encountering fishing boats? |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
e0222615 |
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Keywords |
Animal behavior Birds Boats Fisheries Foraging Predation Radar Seabirds |
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Abstract |
Seabirds are well known to be attracted by fishing boats to forage on offal and baits. We used recently developed loggers that record accurate GPS position and detect the presence of boats through their radar emissions to examine how albatrosses use Area Restricted Search (ARS) and if so, have specific ARS behaviours, when attending boats. As much as 78.5% of locations with a radar detection (contact with boat) during a trip occurred within ARS: 36.8% of all large-scale ARS (n = 212) and 14.7% of all small-scale ARS (n = 1476) were associated with the presence of a boat. During small-scale ARS, birds spent more time and had greater sinuosity during boat-associated ARS compared with other ARS that we considered natural. For, small-scale ARS associated with boats, those performed over shelves were longer in duration, had greater sinuosity, and birds spent more time sitting on water compared with oceanic ARS associated with boats. We also found that the proportion of small-scale ARS tend to be more frequently nested in larger-scale ARS was higher for birds associated with boats and that ARS behaviour differed between oceanic (tuna fisheries) and shelf-edge (mainly Patagonian toothfish fisheries) habitats. We suggest that, in seabird species attracted by boats, a significant amount of ARS behaviours are associated with boats, and that it is important to be able to separate ARS behaviours associated to boats from natural searching behaviours. Our study suggest that studying ARS characteristics should help attribute specific behaviours associated to the presence of boats and understand associated risks between fisheries. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7708 |
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Title |
OH and RO2 radicals at Dome C (East Antarctica): first observations and assessment of photochemical budget |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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Year |
2013 |
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Volume |
EGU Vienna 2013 |
Issue |
EGU2013-7398 |
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903 |
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yes |
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4381 |
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Author |
Alexandre Renard |
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2013 |
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399 |
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4863 |
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Author |
Alexandre Roy, Alain Royer, Olivier St-Jean-Rondeau, Benoit Montpetit, Ghislain Picard, Alex Mavrovic, Nicolas Marchand, Alexandre Langlois |
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Title |
Microwave snow emission modeling uncertainties in boreal and subarctic environments |
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Journal |
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2016 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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10 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
623-638 |
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1073 |
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1994-0416 |
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yes |
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8201 |
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Author |
Alexandrescu M. |
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1996 |
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139 |
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yes |
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1053 |
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Author |
Alexandrescu M., Duyen C.H. & Le Mouel J.L. |
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Title |
Geographical Distribution of Magnetic Observatories and Field Modelling. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
J. geomag. geoelectr. |
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46 |
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891-901 |
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139 |
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yes |
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1951 |
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