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Author  |
Alessia Maggi, Maxime Bes de Berc, Jean-Yves Thoré, Jean-Jacques Lévêque |
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Title |
Concordia, Antarctica, seismic experiment for the International Polar Year (CASE-IPY) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Annals of Geophysics |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
3 |
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The CASE-IPY project, part of the larger POLENET initiative of geophysical observations for the International Polar Year, was built on our extensive experience of running seismological stations in Antarctica, both on rock sites (Dumont d’Urville station), and directly on the ice plateau (Concordia station). For CASE-IPY, we deployed 8 temporary seismic stations on the Antarctic plateau: 3 situated near Concordia itself (starting 2008), and the other 5 regularly spaced between Concordia and Vostok (2010-2012), following the maximum in ice topography. The technical problems we have encountered in our field deployments were essentially due to a combination of extreme environmental conditions and isolation of deployment sites. The 3 stations near Concordia were used as test sites to experiment different solutions, and to converge on a design for the 5 main stations. Results from the nearest stations, which transmit data regularly to Concordia, are very promising. The data recorded by our stations will be distributed widely in the scientific community. We expect them to be exploited essentially for structural studies involving Antarctica itself (its ice-cap, crust and lithosphere) via receiver functions, noise correlation, and surface-wave tomography, but also for studies of the Earth’s core. |
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1593-5213 |
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yes |
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5016 |
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Alessio Gusmeroli, Erin Pettit, Catherine Ritz, Joseph Kennedy, Maurine Montagnat, Eric
Lefebvre, Gael Durand, Sepp Kipfstuhl, and Simon Sheldon. |
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Title |
The relationship between climate and ice rheology at Dome C, East Antarctica: a comparison of fabric determined by borehole sonic logging and thin sections. |
Type |
Conference - International - Communication |
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Year |
2011 |
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Vol. 13, EGU2011-2341, 2011 |
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Understanding past climate changes as recorded in annual layers within ice sheets is a societal and scientific priority. Oxygen isotopes from several deep ice-cores in Greenland and Antarctica have revealed oscillations with a 100 kyr periodicity extending back at least 740 kyr BP. The EPICA Dome C ice core, the longest climate record obtained from ice, records eight glacial-interglacial transitions where abrupt climate transitions typically separate warm periods (interglacial) from cool periods (glacial). These warm and cool periods are referred to as Marine Isotope Stages (MIS).
Many scientists have observed that the physical properties of glacial ice differs from those of interglacial ice. Glacial ice typically has smaller crystals, higher impurity content, and stronger fabric (preferred orientation of crystal c-axes). Because ice deformation is sensitive to the orientation of crystals, ice flow patterns are sensitive to the fabric and, therefore, to this glacial-interglacial dichotomy. Indeed at Dome C an abrupt, unexpected strengthening of the fabric at the depth of 1750 m marks the transition between the warm MIS5 and the cold MIS6. Because there is a positive feedback between fabric development and ice deformation, changes in ice fabric may be therefore used to understand climate transitions.
We present a vertical-profile of compressional (P) wave speeds acquired every 0.1m in the 3.2 km-deep EPICA Dome C borehole. Each measurements samples ice crystals within a volume approximately 3 m long and 2 m wide ice. We relate the P-wave speeds to fabric through the known seismic anisotropy of a single ice-crystals (P-wave speed is 5% faster when propagates along the crystallographic c-axis than the basal plane). We integrate this seismically-derived fabric profile with the more sparse (about 100 m for most of the core) thin-section-derived fabric to present a more complete vertical-profile of fabric. We provide a preliminary comparison of the shifts in fabric which occur at each of the abrupt climate transitions and relate these to other measurements made on the ice core and in the borehole such as dust and oxygen isotopes. |
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yes |
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3592 |
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Alexander A. Kokhanovsky, Maximillian Brell, Karl Segl, Giovanni Bianchini, Christian Lanconelli, Angelo Lupi, Boyan Petkov, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, Robert S. Stone, Sabine Chabrillat |
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Title |
First Retrievals of Surface and Atmospheric Properties Using EnMAP Measurements over Antarctica |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
3042 |
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Keywords |
ice grain size light scattering radiative transfer snow albedo snow remote sensing |
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The paper presents the first retrievals of clean snow properties using spaceborne hyperspectral observations via the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP). The location close to the Concordia station at the Dome C Plateau (Antarctica) was selected. At this location, the atmospheric effects (except molecular light scattering and absorption) are weak, and the simplified atmospheric correction scheme could be applied. The ice grain size, snow specific surface area, and snow spectral and broadband albedos were retrieved using single-view EnMAP measurements. In addition, we propose a technique to retrieve trace gas concentrations (e.g., water vapor and ozone) from EnMAP observations over the snow surfaces. A close correspondence of satellite and ground-measured parameters was found. |
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1110 |
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2072-4292 |
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yes |
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8548 |
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Alexander Kokhanovsky, Maxim Lamare, Olaf Danne, Carsten Brockmann, Marie Dumont, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, Vincent Favier, Bruno Jourdain, Emmanuel Le Meur, Biagio Di Mauro, Teruo Aoki, Masashi Niwano, Vladimir Rozanov, Sergey Korkin, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Johannes Freitag, Maria Hoerhold, Alexandra Zuhr, Diana Vladimirova, Anne-Katrine Faber, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Sonja Wahl, Jonas K. Andersen, Baptiste Vandecrux, Dirk van As, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Michael Kern, Eleonora Zege, Jason E. Box |
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Title |
Retrieval of snow properties from the Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
2280 |
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Keywords |
albedo OLCI optical remote sensing Sentinel 3 snow characteristics sow grain size specific surface area |
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Abstract |
The Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) architecture facilitates Earth Observation data processing. In this work, we present results from a new Snow Processor for SNAP. We also describe physical principles behind the developed snow property retrieval technique based on the analysis of Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3A/B measurements over clean and polluted snow fields. Using OLCI spectral reflectance measurements in the range 400–1020 nm, we derived important snow properties such as spectral and broadband albedo, snow specific surface area, snow extent and grain size on a spatial grid of 300 m. The algorithm also incorporated cloud screening and atmospheric correction procedures over snow surfaces. We present validation results using ground measurements from Antarctica, the Greenland ice sheet and the French Alps. We find the spectral albedo retrieved with accuracy of better than 3% on average, making our retrievals sufficient for a variety of applications. Broadband albedo is retrieved with the average accuracy of about 5% over snow. Therefore, the uncertainties of satellite retrievals are close to experimental errors of ground measurements. The retrieved surface grain size shows good agreement with ground observations. Snow specific surface area observations are also consistent with our OLCI retrievals. We present snow albedo and grain size mapping over the inland ice sheet of Greenland for areas including dry snow, melted/melting snow and impurity rich bare ice. The algorithm can be applied to OLCI Sentinel-3 measurements providing an opportunity for creation of long-term snow property records essential for climate monitoring and data assimilation studies—especially in the Arctic region, where we face rapid environmental changes including reduction of snow/ice extent and, therefore, planetary albedo. |
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1110 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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Serial |
7487 |
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Author |
Alexander Kokhanovsky, Simon Gascoin, Laurent Arnaud, Ghislain Picard |
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Title |
Retrieval of Snow Albedo and Total Ozone Column from Single-View MSI/S-2 Spectral Reflectance Measurements over Antarctica |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
4404 |
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Keywords |
albedo inverse problems light scattering radiative transfer snow snow grain size |
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Abstract |
We proposed a simple algorithm to retrieve the total ozone column and snow properties (spectral albedo and effective light absorption path) using the high spatial resolution single–view MSI/S-2 measurements over Antarctica. In addition, the algorithm allows the retrieval of the snow grain size on a scale of 10–20 m. This algorithm should be useful for the understanding of intra-pixel total ozone and snow albedo variability in complement to satellite observations performed on a much coarser spatial resolution scale (0.3–1 km and even larger spatial scales). |
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1110 |
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2072-4292 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8305 |
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Author |
Alexander L. Bond, Christopher Taylor, David Kinchin-Smith, Derren Fox, Emma Witcutt, Peter G. Ryan, Simon P. Loader, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
A juvenile Tristan albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) on land at the Crozet Islands |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
229-233 |
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Abstract |
Albatrosses and other seabirds are generally highly philopatric, returning to natal colonies when they achieve breeding age. This is not universal, however, and cases of extraordinary vagrancy are rare. The Tristan Albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) breeds on Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, with a small population on Inaccessible Island, Tristan da Cunha, ca 380 km away. In 2015, we observed an adult male albatross in Gonydale, Gough Island, which had been ringed on Ile de la Possession, Crozet Islands in 2009 when it was assumed to be an immature Wandering Albatross (D. exulans). We sequenced 1109 bp of the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene from this bird, and confirmed it to be a Tristan Albatross, meaning its presence on Crozet 6 years previous, and nearly 5000 km away, was a case of prospecting behaviour in a heterospecific colony. Given the challenges in identifying immature Diomedea albatrosses, such dispersal events may be more common than thought previously. |
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109 |
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1432-2056 |
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yes |
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8083 |
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Author |
Alexander Winterl, Sebastian Richter, Aymeric Houstin, Anna P. Nesterova, Francesco Bonadonna, Werner Schneider, Ben Fabry, Céline Le Bohec, Daniel P. Zitterbart |
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Title |
micrObs – A customizable time-lapse camera for ecological studies |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
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HardwareX |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
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Pages |
e00134 |
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Keywords |
Automated camera system Collective behavior Ecology Image processing Remote sensing Wildlife monitoring |
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Abstract |
Camera traps for motion-triggered or continuous time-lapse recordings are readily available on the market. For demanding applications in ecology and environmental sciences, however, commercial systems often lack flexibility to freely adjust recording time intervals, suffer from mechanical component wear, and can be difficult to combine with auxiliary sensors such as GPS, weather stations, or light sensors. We present a robust time-lapse camera system that has been operating continuously since 2013 under the harsh climatic conditions of the Antarctic and Subantarctic regions. Thus far, we have recorded over one million images with individual cameras. The system consumes 122 mW of power in standby mode and captures up to 200,000 high-resolution (16 MPix) images without maintenance such as battery or image memory replacement. It offers time-lapse intervals between 2 s and 1 h, low-light or night-time power saving, and data logging capabilities for additional inputs such as GPS and weather data. |
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137 |
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2468-0672 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8302 |
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Author |
Alexander, B.; Park, R.J.; Jacob, D.J.; Li, Q.B.; Yantosca, R.M.; Savarino, J.; Lee, C.C.W.; Thiemens, M.H. |
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Title |
Sulfate formation in sea-salt aerosols: Constraints from oxygen isotopes |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
110 |
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Keywords |
atmospheric chemistry; aerosol formation; isotopes; 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles; 0312 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Air/sea constituent fluxes; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry; 0490 Biogeosciences: Trace gases; 1041 Geochemistry: Stable isotope geochemistry |
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Abstract |
We use observations of the mass-independent oxygen isotopic composition (?17O) of sulfate in the marine boundary layer (MBL) to quantify the sulfate source from aqueous SO2 (S(IV)) oxidation by O3 in alkaline sea-salt aerosols. Oxidation by O3 imparts a large ?17O signature to the resulting sulfate (8.8‰) relative to oxidation by H2O2 (0.9‰) or by OH or O2 (0‰). Ship data from two Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) cruises in the Indian Ocean indicate ?17O values usually <1‰ in the submicron sulfate aerosol but considerable variability in the supermicron sulfate with frequent occurrences above 1‰ and up to 6.7‰. The large ?17O values are associated with high concentrations of sea-salt aerosols, providing evidence for the S(IV) + O3 pathway. We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-CHEM) to interpret quantitatively the INDOEX observations and to assess the global importance of sulfate production in sea-salt aerosols. The model accounts for titration of sea-salt alkalinity in the MBL by uptake of acid gases (SO2, H2SO4, and HNO3), shutting down the S(IV) + O3 pathway. We find that this titration occurs rapidly over much of the oceans except at high latitudes (strong sea-salt emission) and is due to both the S(IV) + O3 reaction and HNO3 (g) condensation; that is, sulfate formation in sea-salt aerosols is limited by the alkalinity flux from the ocean and by competition for this alkalinity supply from HNO3 (g). The model is consistent with the ?17O magnitudes and patterns in the INDOEX data. Titration of alkalinity is critical for the success of the model simulation. Regeneration of sea-salt aerosol alkalinity by OH uptake is inconsistent with the ?17O observations in INDOEX. Model results indicate that sulfate production in sea-salt aerosols decreases MBL SO2 concentrations and gas phase H2SO4 production rates by typically 10–30% (up to >70%) and increases MBL sulfate concentrations by typically >10% (up to 30%). Globally, this mechanism contributes 9% of atmospheric sulfate production and 1% of the sulfate burden. The impact on H2SO4 (g) formation and implications for the potential formation of new particles in the MBL warrants inclusion in models examining the radiative effects of sulfate aerosols. |
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399 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
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5554 |
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Alexander, B.; Savarino, J.; Kreutz, K.J.; Thiemens, M.H. |
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Title |
Impact of preindustrial biomass-burning emissions on the oxidation pathways of tropospheric sulfur and nitrogen |
Type |
Journal Article |
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2004 |
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Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
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J. Geophys. Res. |
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109 |
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0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 1040 Geochemistry: Isotopic composition/chemistry; 1610 Global Change: Atmosphere |
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Abstract |
Ice core measurements (H2O2 and CH4/HCHO) and modeling studies indicate a change in the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere since the onset of the Industrial Revolution due to increases in fossil fuel burning emissions [e.g., Lelieveld et al., 2002; Hauglustaine and Brasseur, 2001; Wang and Jacob, 1998; Staffelbach et al., 1991]. The mass-independent fractionation (MIF) in the oxygen isotopes of sulfate and nitrate from a Greenland ice core reveal that biomass-burning events in North America just prior to the Industrial Revolution significantly impacted the oxidation pathways of sulfur and nitrogen species deposited in Greenland ice. This finding highlights the importance of biomass-burning emissions for atmospheric chemistry in preindustrial North America and warrants the inclusion of this impact in modeling studies estimating changes in atmospheric oxidant chemistry since the Industrial Revolution, particularly when using paleo-oxidant data as a reference for model evaluation. |
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1011 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
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5555 |
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Author |
Alexander, C. M. O., Maurette, M., Swan, P., & Walker, R. M. |
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Title |
Studies of Antarctic micrometeorites. |
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Journal Article |
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1992 |
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Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference |
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23 |
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7 |
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yes |
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1664 |
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