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Alexander L. Bond, Christopher Taylor, David Kinchin-Smith, Derren Fox, Emma Witcutt, Peter G. Ryan, Simon P. Loader, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
A juvenile Tristan albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) on land at the Crozet Islands |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
229-233 |
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Abstract |
Albatrosses and other seabirds are generally highly philopatric, returning to natal colonies when they achieve breeding age. This is not universal, however, and cases of extraordinary vagrancy are rare. The Tristan Albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) breeds on Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, with a small population on Inaccessible Island, Tristan da Cunha, ca 380 km away. In 2015, we observed an adult male albatross in Gonydale, Gough Island, which had been ringed on Ile de la Possession, Crozet Islands in 2009 when it was assumed to be an immature Wandering Albatross (D. exulans). We sequenced 1109 bp of the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene from this bird, and confirmed it to be a Tristan Albatross, meaning its presence on Crozet 6 years previous, and nearly 5000 km away, was a case of prospecting behaviour in a heterospecific colony. Given the challenges in identifying immature Diomedea albatrosses, such dispersal events may be more common than thought previously. |
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109 |
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1432-2056 |
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yes |
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8083 |
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Alexander Kokhanovsky, Simon Gascoin, Laurent Arnaud, Ghislain Picard |
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Title |
Retrieval of Snow Albedo and Total Ozone Column from Single-View MSI/S-2 Spectral Reflectance Measurements over Antarctica |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
4404 |
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Keywords |
albedo inverse problems light scattering radiative transfer snow snow grain size |
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Abstract |
We proposed a simple algorithm to retrieve the total ozone column and snow properties (spectral albedo and effective light absorption path) using the high spatial resolution single–view MSI/S-2 measurements over Antarctica. In addition, the algorithm allows the retrieval of the snow grain size on a scale of 10–20 m. This algorithm should be useful for the understanding of intra-pixel total ozone and snow albedo variability in complement to satellite observations performed on a much coarser spatial resolution scale (0.3–1 km and even larger spatial scales). |
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1110 |
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2072-4292 |
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yes |
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8305 |
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Alberto Baudena, Enrico Ser-Giacomi, Donatella D’Onofrio, Xavier Capet, Cedric Cotté, Yves Cherel, Francesco D’Ovidio |
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Title |
Fine-scale structures as spots of increased fish concentration in the open ocean |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15805 |
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Keywords |
Fisheries Marine biology Physical oceanography |
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Abstract |
Oceanic frontal zones have been shown to deeply influence the distribution of primary producers and, at the other extreme of the trophic web, top predators. However, the relationship between these structures and intermediate trophic levels is much more obscure. In this paper we address this knowledge gap by comparing acoustic measurements of mesopelagic fish concentrations to satellite-derived fine-scale Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. First, we demonstrate that higher fish concentrations occur more frequently in correspondence with strong Lagrangian Coherent Structures. Secondly, we illustrate that, while increased fish densities are more likely to be observed over these structures, the presence of a fine-scale feature does not imply a concomitant fish accumulation, as other factors affect fish distribution. Thirdly, we show that, when only chlorophyll-rich waters are considered, front intensity modulates significantly more the local fish concentration. Finally, we discuss a model representing fish movement along Lagrangian features, specifically built for mid-trophic levels. Its results, obtained with realistic parameters, are qualitatively consistent with the observations and the spatio-temporal scales analysed. Overall, these findings may help to integrate intermediate trophic levels in trophic models, which can ultimately support management and conservation policies. |
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109 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8384 |
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Author |
Albertin, S., Savarino, J., Bekki, S., T. Roberts, T., Barret, B., Mao, J., Simpson, W., Law, K. |
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Title |
Isotopic constraints on the sources and fate of atmospheric nitrate in Fairbanks, Alaska: preliminary results of the pre-ALPACA campaign |
Type |
Communication |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Paces meeting, may 2021 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1215 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8513 |
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Author |
Alain Royer, Florent Domine, Alexandre Roy, Alexandre Langlois, Nicolas Marchand, Gautier Davesne |
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Title |
New northern snowpack classification linked to vegetation cover on a latitudinal mega-transect across northeastern Canada |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Écoscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
1-18 |
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Keywords |
classification de la couverture de neige Gradient latitudinal interactions neige-végétation Latitudinal gradient propriétés de la neige snow cover classification snow–vegetation interaction snowpack properties |
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Abstract |
Changes in mass, extent, duration, and physical properties of snow are key elements for studying associated climate change feedbacks in northern regions. In this study, we analyzed snowpack physical properties along a ‘mega’ transect from 47°N to 83°N (4,000 km) in northeastern Canada, which includes marked transitions between ecozones from boreal forest to subarctic and arctic ecosystems. Our unique dataset of 391 detailed snowpits acquired over the last 20 years, complemented with snow data from weather stations, shows that snowpack properties such as snow water equivalent, snow depth, density, grain size and basal depth hoar fraction (DHF) are strongly linked to vegetation type. Based on these results, we propose an updated classification of snow types in three classes: boreal forest snow (47–58°N), tundra snow (58–74°N) and polar desert snow (74–83°N), which is more appropriate to the study area than the general north hemisphere classification commonly used. We also show that shrub presence along the transect contributes to a significant increase in DHF development which contributes most strongly to the thermal insulation properties of the snowpack. Overall, our analysis suggests that snow–vegetation interactions have a positive feedback effect on warming at northern latitudes. |
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1042 |
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1195-6860 |
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1195-6860 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7971 |
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Author |
Alain Manceau, Romain Brossier, Sarah E. Janssen, Tylor J. Rosera, David P. Krabbenhoft, Yves Cherel, Paco Bustamante, Brett A. Poulin |
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Title |
Mercury Isotope Fractionation by Internal Demethylation and Biomineralization Reactions in Seabirds: Implications for Environmental Mercury Science |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Environmental Science & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
13942-13952 |
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Abstract |
A prerequisite for environmental and toxicological applications of mercury (Hg) stable isotopes in wildlife and humans is quantifying the isotopic fractionation of biological reactions. Here, we measured stable Hg isotope values of relevant tissues of giant petrels (Macronectes spp.). Isotopic data were interpreted with published HR-XANES spectroscopic data that document a stepwise transformation of methylmercury (MeHg) to Hg-tetraselenolate (Hg(Sec)4) and mercury selenide (HgSe) (Sec = selenocysteine). By mathematical inversion of isotopic and spectroscopic data, identical δ202Hg values for MeHg (2.69 ± 0.04‰), Hg(Sec)4 (−1.37 ± 0.06‰), and HgSe (0.18 ± 0.02‰) were determined in 23 tissues of eight birds from the Kerguelen Islands and Adélie Land (Antarctica). Isotopic differences in δ202Hg between MeHg and Hg(Sec)4 (−4.1 ± 0.1‰) reflect mass-dependent fractionation from a kinetic isotope effect due to the MeHg → Hg(Sec)4 demethylation reaction. Surprisingly, Hg(Sec)4 and HgSe differed isotopically in δ202Hg (+1.6 ± 0.1‰) and mass-independent anomalies (i.e., changes in Δ199Hg of ≤0.3‰), consistent with equilibrium isotope effects of mass-dependent and nuclear volume fractionation from Hg(Sec)4 → HgSe biomineralization. The invariance of species-specific δ202Hg values across tissues and individual birds reflects the kinetic lability of Hg-ligand bonds and tissue-specific redistribution of MeHg and inorganic Hg, likely as Hg(Sec)4. These observations provide fundamental information necessary to improve the interpretation of stable Hg isotope data and provoke a revisitation of processes governing isotopic fractionation in biota and toxicological risk assessment in wildlife. |
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109 |
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0013-936X |
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yes |
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Serial |
8427 |
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Author |
Alain Manceau, Anne-Claire Gaillot, Pieter Glatzel, Yves Cherel, Paco Bustamante |
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Title |
In Vivo Formation of HgSe Nanoparticles and Hg–Tetraselenolate Complex from Methylmercury in Seabirds—Implications for the Hg–Se Antagonism |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Environmental Science & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1515-1526 |
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Abstract |
In vivo and in vitro evidence for detoxification of methylmercury (MeHg) as insoluble mercury selenide (HgSe) underlies the central paradigm that mercury exposure is not or little hazardous when tissue Se is in molar excess (Se:Hg > 1). However, this hypothesis overlooks the binding of Hg to selenoproteins, which lowers the amount of bioavailable Se that acts as a detoxification reservoir for MeHg, thereby underestimating the toxicity of mercury. This question was addressed by determining the chemical forms of Hg in various tissues of giant petrels Macronectes spp. using a combination of high energy-resolution X-ray absorption near edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy coupled to elemental mapping. Three main Hg species were identified, a MeHg-cysteinate complex, a four-coordinate selenocysteinate complex (Hg(Sec)4), and a HgSe precipitate, together with a minor dicysteinate complex Hg(Cys)2. The amount of HgSe decreases in the order liver > kidneys > brain = muscle, and the amount of Hg(Sec)4 in the order muscle > kidneys > brain > liver. On the basis of biochemical considerations and structural modeling, we hypothesize that Hg(Sec)4 is bound to the carboxy-terminus domain of selenoprotein P (SelP) which contains 12 Sec residues. Structural flexibility allows SelP to form multinuclear Hgx(Se,Sec)y complexes, which can be biomineralized to HgSe by protein self-assembly. Because Hg(Sec)4 has a Se:Hg molar ratio of 4:1, this species severely depletes the stock of bioavailable Se for selenoprotein synthesis and activity to one μg Se/g dry wet in the muscle of several birds. This concentration is still relatively high because selenium is naturally abundant in seawater, therefore it probably does not fall below the metabolic need for essential selenium. However, this study shows that this may not be the case for terrestrial animals, and that muscle may be the first tissue potentially injured by Hg toxicity. |
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109 |
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0013-936X |
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yes |
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Serial |
7942 |
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Author |
Akers P., Savarino, J., Caillon, N. |
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Title |
Reconstructing Antarctic snow accumulation using nitrogen isotopes of nitrate |
Type |
Communication |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
EGU General Assembly, 19-30 April 2021 |
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1177 |
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yes |
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7866 |
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Author |
Afsaneh Mohammadzaheri, Karin Sigloch, Kasra Hosseini, Mitchell G. Mihalynuk |
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Title |
Subducted Lithosphere Under South America From Multifrequency P Wave Tomography |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
e2020JB020704 |
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Keywords |
Andes intra-arc intra-oceanic subduction seismic tomography South America structure of the mantel |
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Abstract |
We analyze mantle structure under South America in the DETOX-P1 seismic tomography model, a global-scale, multifrequency inversion of teleseismic P waves. DETOX-P1 inverts the most extensive data set of broadband, waveform-based traveltime measurements to date, complemented by analyst-picked traveltimes from the ISC-EHB catalog. The mantle under South America is sampled by ∼665,000 cross-correlation traveltimes measured on 529 South American broadband stations and on 5,389 stations elsewhere. By their locations, depths, and geometries, we distinguish four high-velocity provinces under South America, interpreted as subducted lithosphere (“slabs”). The deepest (∼1,800–1,200 km depth) and shallowest (<600 km) slab provinces are observed beneath the Andean Cordillera near the continent’s northwest coast. At intermediate depths (1,200–900 km, 900–600 km), two slab provinces are observed farther east, under Brazil, Bolivia and Venezuela, with links to the Caribbean. We interpret the slabs relative to South America’s paleo-position over time, exploring the hypothesis that slabs sank essentially vertically after widening by viscous deformation in the mantle transition zone. The shallowest slab province carries the geometric imprint of the continental margin and represents ocean-beneath-continent subduction during Cenozoic times. The deepest, farthest west slab complex formed under intra-oceanic trenches during late Jurassic and Cretaceous times, far west of South America’s paleo-position adjoined to Africa. The two intermediate slab complexes record the Cretaceous transition from westward intra-oceanic subduction to eastward subduction beneath South America. This geophysical inference matches geologic records of the transition from Jura-Cretaceous, extensional “intra-arc” basins to basin inversion and onset of the modern Andean arc ∼85 Ma. |
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133 |
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2169-9356 |
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yes |
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7991 |
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Author |
Adrien Pajot, Alexandre Corbeau, Aurélie Jambon, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Diel at-sea activity of two species of great albatrosses: the ontogeny of foraging and movement behaviour |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Avian Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
52 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
albatross diel activity pattern Diomedea flight behavior foraging activity moon illumination night activity seabirds |
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Abstract |
The first year of life is a period of high mortality in animals. Reduced foraging capacities of naive individuals might be the primary cause of their mortality. These capacities are supposed to be progressively acquired during the first months of life. In this study, we investigate the ontogeny of flight capacities, by day and night, of first-year individuals, and compare it with adults from two closely related species of great albatrosses: Amsterdam Diomedea amsterdamensis and wandering Diomedea exulans albatrosses which forage in different environmental conditions. We used 71 tracks of 71 juvenile birds and 141 of 116 incubating adults to compare both age categories. In order to explore the effect of moon light on night activity, we elaborated a new formula which improves the precision of the proxy of moon illumination. By day, we found that juveniles of both species reach some adult foraging capacities in less than two months. By night, albatrosses have reduced activity increasing during the first weeks at sea for juveniles and changing in accordance with moon illumination for both juveniles and adults. A peak of flight activity at dawn and dusk was apparent for both species. Interspecific comparison underlined that Amsterdam albatrosses were more active than wandering albatrosses, suggesting a difference in food and foraging strategy. Overall, we highlighted how life history traits, environmental conditions and time of the day affect the foraging activity of two related species of seabirds. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1600-048X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7943 |
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