| Records |
Author  |
Agnès Lewden, Andreas Nord, Batshéva Bonnet, Florent Chauvet, André Ancel, Dominic J. McCafferty |
| Title |
Body surface rewarming in fully and partially hypothermic king penguins |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Physiology B |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
190 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
597-609 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Penguins face a major thermal transition when returning to land in a hypothermic state after a foraging trip. Uninsulated appendages (flippers and feet) could provide flexible heat exchange during subsequent rewarming. Here, we tested the hypothesis that peripheral vasodilation could be delayed during this recovery stage. To this end, we designed an experiment to examine patterns of surface rewarming in fully hypothermic (the cloaca and peripheral regions (here; flippers, feet and the breast) < 37 °C) and partially hypothermic (cloaca at normothermia ≥ 37 °C, but periphery at hypothermia) king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) when they rewarmed in the laboratory. Both groups rewarmed during the 21 min observation period, but the temperature changes were larger in fully than in partially hypothermic birds. Moreover, we observed a 5 min delay of peripheral temperature in fully compared to partially hypothermic birds, suggesting that this process was impacted by low internal temperature. To investigate whether our laboratory data were applicable to field conditions, we also recorded surface temperatures of free-ranging penguins after they came ashore to the colony. Initial surface temperatures were lower in these birds compared to in those that rewarmed in the laboratory, and changed less over a comparable period of time on land. This could be explained both by environmental conditions and possible handling-induced thermogenesis in the laboratory. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated that appendage vasodilation is flexibly used during rewarming and that recovery may be influenced by both internal temperature and environmental conditions when penguins transition from sea to land. |
| Programme |
394 |
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| ISSN |
1432-136X |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7659 |
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| Author |
Agnès Lewden, Batshéva Bonnet, Andreas Nord |
| Title |
The metabolic cost of subcutaneous and abdominal rewarming in king penguins after long-term immersion in cold water |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Thermal Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
91 |
Issue |
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Pages |
102638 |
| Keywords |
Metabolism Normothermia Rewarming Subcutaneous temperature |
| Abstract |
Marine endotherms in the polar regions face a formidable thermal challenge when swimming in cold water. Hence, they use morphological (fat, blubber) adjustment and peripheral vasoconstriction to reduce demands for heat production in water. The animals then regain normothermia when resting ashore. In the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) metabolic rate is lower in fed than in fasted individuals during subsequent rewarming on land. This has been suggested to be a consequence of diversion of blood flow to the splanchnic region in fed birds, which reduces peripheral temperatures. However, peripheral temperatures during recovery have never been investigated in birds with different nutritional status. The aim of this study was, therefore, to measure subcutaneous and abdominal temperatures during the rewarming phase on land in fasted and fed king penguins, and investigate to which extent any different rewarming were reflected in recovery metabolic rate (MRR) after long term immersion in cold water. We hypothesized that fed individuals would have a slower increase of subcutaneous temperatures compared to fasted penguins, and a correspondingly lower MRR. Subcutaneous tissues reached normothermia after 24.15 (back) and 21.36 min (flank), which was twice as fast as in the abdomen (46.82 min). However, recovery time was not affected by nutritional condition. MRR during global rewarming (4.56 ± 0.42 W kg−1) was twice as high as resting metabolic rate (RMR; 2.16 ± 0.59 W kg−1). However, MRR was not dependent on feeding status and was significantly elevated above RMR only until subcutaneous temperature had recovered. Contrary to our prediction, fed individuals did not reduce the subcutaneous circulation compared to fasted penguins and did not show any changes in MRR during subsequent recovery. It seems likely that lower metabolic rate in fed king penguins on land reported in other studies might not have been caused primarily by increased circulation to the visceral organs. |
| Programme |
394 |
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| ISSN |
0306-4565 |
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yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8271 |
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| Author |
Agnès Lewden, Manfred R. Enstipp, Batshéva Bonnet, Caroline Bost, Jean-Yves Georges, Yves Handrich |
| Title |
Thermal strategies of king penguins during prolonged fasting in water |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
220 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
4600-4611 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Most animals experience periods of unfavourable conditions, challenging their daily energy balance. During breeding, king penguins fast voluntarily for up to 1.5 months in the colony, after which they replenish their energy stores at sea. However, at sea, birds might encounter periods of low foraging profitability, forcing them to draw from previously stored energy (e.g. subcutaneous fat). Accessing peripheral fat stores requires perfusion, increasing heat loss and thermoregulatory costs. Hence, how these birds balance the conflicting demands of nutritional needs and thermoregulation is unclear. We investigated the physiological responses of king penguins to fasting in cold water by: (1) monitoring tissue temperatures, as a proxy of tissue perfusion, at four distinct sites (deep and peripheral); and (2) recording their oxygen consumption rate while birds floated inside a water tank. Despite frequent oscillations, temperatures of all tissues often reached near-normothermic levels, indicating that birds maintained perfusion to peripheral tissues throughout their fasting period in water. The oxygen consumption rate of birds increased with fasting duration in water, while it was also higher when the flank tissue was warmer, indicating greater perfusion. Hence, fasting king penguins in water maintained peripheral perfusion, despite the associated greater heat loss and, therefore, thermoregulatory costs, probably to access subcutaneous fat stores. Hence, the observed normothermia in peripheral tissues of king penguins at sea, upon completion of a foraging bout, is likely explained by their nutritional needs: depositing free fatty acids (FFA) in subcutaneous tissues after profitable foraging or mobilizing FFA to fuel metabolism when foraging success was insufficient. |
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394 |
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| ISSN |
0022-0949 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8278 |
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| Author |
Agnieszka Beszczynska-Möller, Hanne Sagen, Peter Voss, Mikael K. Sejr, Thomas Soltwedel, Truls Johannessen, M.-N. Houssais, Andreas Rogge, Ian Allan, Frank Nilsen, Angelika Renner, L. H. Smedsrud, Nicholas Roden, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Laurent Chauvaud, Claudie Marec, B. Cheng, Andrew King, Christine Provost, Marcel Babin, Mathilde Sorensen |
| Title |
Enhancement of ocean and sea ice in situ observations in the Arctic under the Horizon2020 project INTAROS |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ocean Science Meeting 2020 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Abstract |
The H2020 project Integrated Arctic Observation System (INTAROS) aspires to increase the temporal and geographic coverage of in situ observations and add new key geophysical and biogeochemical variables in selected regions of the Arctic. By using a combination of mature and new instruments and sensors in integration with existing observatories, INTAROS aims to fill selected gaps in the present-day system and build additional capacity of the Arctic monitoring networks for ocean and sea ice. Three reference sites have been selected as key locations for monitoring ongoing Arctic changes: Costal Greenland, paramount for freshwater output from the Greenland ice sheet; North of Svalbard (covering the region from shelf to deep basin) – the hot-spot for ocean-air-sea ice interactions, and heat and biological energy input to the European Arctic; and Fram Strait – the critical gateway for exchanges between the Arctic and the World oceans. The existing observatories in the reference sites have been extended with new moorings and novel autonomous instrumentation, in particular for biogeochemical measurements and sea ice observations. Bottom-mounted instruments have been also implemented for seismic observations. A distributed observatory for ocean and sea ice in the Arctic Ocean and sub-Arctic seas includes non-stationary components such as ice-tethered observing platforms, float, gliders, and ships of opportunities, collecting multidisciplinary observations, still missing from the Arctic regions. New sensors, integrated platforms and experimental set-ups are currently under implementation during a two-year long deployment phase (2018-2020) with an aim to evaluate their sustained use in a future iAOS. New observations will be used for integration of new data products, demonstration studies and stakeholder consultations, contributing also to ongoing and future long-term initiatives (e.g. SAON). |
| Programme |
1141 |
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yes |
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Serial |
3811 |
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| Author |
Agosta C., C. Genthon, V. Favier, D. Six |
| Title |
Transect GLACIOCLIM-SAMBA : observation et modélisation du Bilan de Masse de Surface sur la zone de transition côte-plateau Antarctique |
Type |
Conference - National - Article with Reading Comitee |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Abstract |
Comité National Français des Recherches Arctique et Antarctique; 5èmes Journées Scientifiques, Paris, 23 et 24 Octobre 2008 |
| Programme |
411 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
5676 |
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| Author |
Agosta C., C. Genthon, V. Favier, G. Krinner, H. Gallée, G. Picard, D. Six |
| Title |
Spatial distribution of accumulation in the Adélie Land – Comparison of the Antarctic GLACIOCLIM-SAMBA observation data with remote sensing techniques and high-resolution climate models |
Type |
Conference - International - Article with Reading Comitee |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Abstract |
MOCA-09, the IAMAS-IAPSO-IACS 2009 Joint Assembly, Montréal, Canada, July 19-29, 2009. |
| Programme |
411 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
5675 |
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| Author |
Agosta Cécile, Favier Vincent, Genthon Christophe, Gallée Hubert, Krinner Gerhard, Lenaerts Jan, van den Broeke Michiel, |
| Title |
A 40-year accumulation dataset for Adelie Land, Antarctica and its application for model validation
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Climate Dynamics |
Abbreviated Journal |
0930-7575 |
| Volume |
38 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
75-86 |
| Keywords |
Earth and Environmental Science, |
| Abstract |
The GLACIOCLIM-SAMBA (GS) Antarctic accumulation monitoring network, which extends from the coast of Adelie Land to the Antarctic plateau, has been surveyed annually since 2004. The network includes a 156-km stake-line from the coast inland, along which accumulation shows high spatial and interannual variability with a mean value of 362 mm water equivalent a 1 . In this paper, this accumulation is compared with older accumulation reports from between 1971 and 1991. The mean and annual standard deviation and the km-scale spatial pattern of accumulation were seen to be very similar in the older and more recent data. The data did not reveal any significant accumulation trend over the last 40 years. The ECMWF analysis-based forecasts (ERA-40 and ERA-Interim), a stretched-grid global general circulation model (LMDZ4) and three regional circulation models (PMM5, MAR and RACMO2), all with high resolution over Antarctica (27125 km), were tested against the GS reports. They qualitatively reproduced the meso-scale spatial pattern of the annual-mean accumulation except MAR. MAR significantly underestimated mean accumulation, while LMDZ4 and RACMO2 overestimated it. ERA-40 and the regional models that use ERA-40 as lateral boundary condition qualitatively reproduced the chronology of interannual variability but underestimated the magnitude of interannual variations. Two widely used climatologies for Antarctic accumulation agreed well with the mean GS data. The model-based climatology was also able to reproduce the observed spatial pattern. These data thus provide new stringent constraints on models and other large-scale evaluations of the Antarctic accumulation. |
| Programme |
411;1013 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
Place of Publication |
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| ISSN |
0930-7575 |
ISBN |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
3347 |
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| Author |
Agosta Cécile, Favier Vincent, Krinner Gerhard, Gallée Hubert, Fettweis Xavier, Genthon Christophe, |
| Title |
High-resolution modelling of the Antarctic surface mass balance, application for the twentieth, twenty first and twenty second centuries
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
CLIMATE DYNAMICS |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
41 |
Issue |
11-12 |
Pages |
3247-3260- |
| Keywords |
Downscaling, Surface mass balance, Surface energy balance, Orographic precipitation, Antarctica, Sea-level, Climate-change, Ice-sheet, |
| Abstract |
About 75 % of the Antarctic surface mass gain occurs over areas below 2,000 m asl, which cover 40 % of the grounded ice-sheet. As the topography is complex in many of these regions, surface mass balance modelling is highly dependent on horizontal resolution, and studying the impact of Antarctica on the future rise in sea level requires physical approaches. We have developed a computationally efficient, physical downscaling model for high-resolution (15 km) long-term surface mass balance (SMB) projections. Here, we present results of this model, called SMHiL (surface mass balance high-resolution downscaling), which was forced with the LMDZ4 atmospheric general circulation model to assess Antarctic SMB variability in the twenty first and the twenty second centuries under two different scenarios. The higher resolution of SMHiL better reproduces the geographical patterns of SMB and increase significantly the averaged SMB over the grounded ice-sheet for the end of the twentieth century. A comparison with more than 3200 quality-controlled field data shows that LMDZ4 and SMHiL reproduce the observed values equally well. Nevertheless, field data below 2,000 m asl are too scarce to efficiently show the added value of SMHiL and measuring the SMB in these undocumented areas should be a future scientific priority. Our results suggest that running LMDZ4 at a finer resolution (15 km) may give a future increase in SMB in Antarctica that is about 30 % higher than by using its standard resolution (60 km) due to the higher increase in precipitation in coastal areas at 15 km. However, a part (~15 %) of these discrepancies could be an artefact from SMHiL since it neglects the foehn effect and likely overestimates the precipitation increase. Future changes in the Antarctic SMB at low elevations will result from the competition between higher snow accumulation and runoff. For this reason, developing downscaling models is crucial to represent processes in sufficient detail and correctly model the SMB in coastal areas. |
| Programme |
411,1013 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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| ISSN |
0930-7575 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4768 |
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| Author |
Agosta, C. |
| Title |
Analyse et modélisation des données glacio-météorologiques issues de l’Observatoire GLACIOCLIM-SAMBA Antarctique |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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| Abstract |
Rapport de travail de fin d'études, Ecole Centrale
Consultable sur http://www-lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr/~christo/glacioclim/samba/ |
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411 |
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yes |
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Serial |
5020 |
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| Author |
Ahadi F, Delpech G, Gautheron C, Nomade S, Pinna-jamme R, Ponthus L, Guillaume D |
| Title |
Erosion des îles Kerguelen en répones aux variations climatiques depuis le Miocèene : apports de la thermochronologie moyenne et basse temperature (Ar/Ar et (U-Th)/He). |
Type |
Conference - National - Communication |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
12èmes journées scientifiques du CNFRA, Lyon, France, 25-27 mai 2016 |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Programme |
1077 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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7288 |
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