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Stier A, Lewden A, Ruuskanen S, Noiret A, Angelier F, Robin Jp, Bize P, Raclot T, Roussel D, Ropert-coudert Y, Viblanc Va |
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Title |
HotPenguin : cool in the water, too hot on land ? Risks and consequences of heat stress in penguins facing climate change |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2021 |
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Animals from polar regions have evolved highly specialized adaptations to cope with cold climates, which put them at risk regarding the current rapid climate change. This is especially true for penguins who live most of the year in cold water, but breed on land in the spring/summer. Penguins are thereby likely to be threatened by periods of unusually warm temperatures on land. While heat stress is increasingly studied in warm regions, few studies have investigated whether heat stress could occur in polar regions, and to what extent it could affect individual health and reproduction. My aim is to fill this knowledge gap by leading a collaborative research project taking an integrative approach, from animal behavior to the sub-cellular level. This project aims at helping to better predict how penguin populations will respond to future climate change, and raise awareness of scientists, stakeholders and the general public towards an under-appreciated risk of climate change in polar regions. |
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119 |
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yes |
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8107 |
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Author |
Steven Franke, Daniela Jansen, Sebastian Beyer, Niklas Neckel, Tobias Binder, John Paden, Olaf Eisen |
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Title |
Complex Basal Conditions and Their Influence on Ice Flow at the Onset of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e2020JF005689 |
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Keywords |
basal roughness bed conditions Greenland Ice Sheet ice stream Northeast Greenland Ice Stream radio-echo sounding |
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Abstract |
Abstract The ice stream geometry and large ice surface velocities at the onset region of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) are not yet well reproduced by ice sheet models. The quantification of basal sliding and a parametrization of basal conditions remains a major gap. In this study, we assess the basal conditions of the onset region of the NEGIS in a systematic analysis of airborne ultra-wideband radar data. We evaluate basal roughness and basal return echoes in the context of the current ice stream geometry and ice surface velocity. We observe a change from a smooth to a rougher bed where the ice stream widens, and a distinct roughness anisotropy, indicating a preferred orientation of subglacial structures. In the upstream region, the excess ice mass flux through the shear margins is evacuated by ice flow acceleration and along-flow stretching of the ice. At the downstream part, the generally rougher bed topography correlates with a decrease in flow acceleration and lateral variations in ice surface velocity. Together with basal water routing pathways, this hints to two different zones in this part of the NEGIS: the upstream region collecting water, with a reduced basal traction, and downstream, where the ice stream is slowing down and is widening on a rougher bed, with a distribution of basal water toward the shear margins. Our findings support the hypothesis that the NEGIS is strongly interconnected to the subglacial water system in its onset region, but also to the subglacial substrate and morphology. |
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1180 |
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2169-9003 |
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yes |
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7272 |
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Stephanie Jenouvrier, Judy Che-Castaldo, Shaye Wolf, Marika Holland, Sara Labrousse, Michelle LaRue, Barbara Wienecke, Peter Fretwell, Christophe Barbraud, Noah Greenwald, Julienne Stroeve, Philip N. Trathan |
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Title |
The call of the emperor penguin: Legal responses to species threatened by climate change |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
5008-5029 |
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Keywords |
climate risk assessments Endangered Species Act foreseeable future population projections redundancy and representation (3Rs) resiliency sea ice projections species distribution treatment of scientific uncertainty |
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Abstract |
Species extinction risk is accelerating due to anthropogenic climate change, making it urgent to protect vulnerable species through legal frameworks in order to facilitate conservation actions that help mitigate risk. Here, we discuss fundamental concepts for assessing climate change risks to species using the example of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), currently being considered for protection under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA). This species forms colonies on Antarctic sea ice, which is projected to significantly decline due to ongoing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We project the dynamics of all known emperor penguin colonies under different GHG emission scenarios using a climate-dependent meta-population model including the effects of extreme climate events based on the observational satellite record of colonies. Assessments for listing species under the ESA require information about how species resiliency, redundancy and representation (3Rs) will be affected by threats within the foreseeable future. Our results show that if sea ice declines at the rate projected by climate models under current energy system trends and policies, the 3Rs would be dramatically reduced and almost all colonies would become quasi-extinct by 2100. We conclude that the species should be listed as threatened under the ESA. |
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109 |
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1365-2486 |
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yes |
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8308 |
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Title |
Fate of Springtime Atmospheric Reactive Mercury: Concentrations and Deposition at Zeppelin, Svalbard |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
3234-3246 |
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1028 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8361 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Hormones and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
131 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104962 |
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Keywords |
Corticosterone stress response Defensive behavior Offspring stress sensitivity Parental presence |
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Abstract |
In altricial species, parents brood their chicks constantly before leaving them unattended sometimes for extended periods when they become thermally independent. During this second phase, there is sometimes important inter-individual differences in parental attendance and the fitness costs and benefits of parental strategies have previously been extensively investigated. However, the impact of parental presence on offspring behaviors and stress physiology has been overlooked. Here, we examined the influence of parental presence on offspring hormonal and behavioral stress sensitivities in snow petrel chicks. We demonstrated for the first time in a wild bird species that attended chicks had lower stress-induced corticosterone levels and a lower probability to show defensive behavior compared to the alone chicks. This reduced stress sensitivity is certainly explained by the well-known link between corticosterone and nutritional status, and by the recent delivery of meals to the attended chicks and the improvement of their nutritional status. It may also be explained by the parental protection against predators or inclement weather, or/and by the psychosocial comfort of parental presence for the offspring. Overall, these results suggest that the presence of a parent in the nest reduces offspring stress sensitivity in wild birds. Further studies would now be required to disentangle the impact of nutritional status and parental presence on stress sensitivity and to better understand the potential impact of parental presence and circulating corticosterone levels on growth and cognitive development in wild birds. |
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109 |
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0018-506X |
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yes |
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7941 |
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Title |
The biology and feeding ecology of Arctic charr in the Kerguelen Islands |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Fish Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
98 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
526-536 |
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Programme |
1041 |
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1095-8649 |
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yes |
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8178 |
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An assessment of the endemic spermatophytes, pteridophytes and bryophytes of the French Overseas Territories: towards a better conservation outlook |
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2021 |
Publication |
Biodiversity and conservation |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
2097-2124 |
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136 |
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ISSN |
1572-9710 |
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yes |
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7976 |
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Author |
Simon Thomas, Pierre-Louis Blelly, Aurelie Marchaudon, Julian Eisenbeis, Samuel Bird |
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Title |
Simulating the Response of the Ionosphere in IPIM to Extreme Space Weather |
Type |
Communication |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
AGU Fall Meeting 2021, 13-17 December 2021, New Orleans, USA |
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Volume |
2021 |
Issue |
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Pages |
SM45C-2291 |
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Abstract |
The IRAP Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model (IPIM) is an ionospheric model which describes the transport equations of ionospheric plasma species along magnetic closed field lines. As input, the previous iteration of IPIM used basic models to provide estimations of the solar wind conditions, convection, and precipitation within the ionosphere. In this presentation, we discuss the development of a new operational version of IPIM as part of the EUHFORIA project to monitor and forecast space weather conditions and hazards. The developments of the model include using in-situ solar wind observations from the OMNI data set, ionospheric radar data of plasma motions from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN), and precipitation data from the Ovation model, as inputs to the model. A new conductivity module for low latitudes has also been developed for help in the simulation of geomagnetically induced currents. We present the first results from the latest IPIM version which explore the ionosphere's response to different solar wind conditions, before focussing on an extreme coronal mass ejection on 14th July 2012 with clear magnetic cloud and southward magnetic field. For this event, we explore simulations of important plasma properties of the ionosphere and compare with previous model iterations and all available observations and hence describe the skill of using IPIM as a space weather forecasting tool. |
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312 |
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yes |
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8524 |
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Title |
Sharing wintering grounds does not synchronize annual survival in a high Arctic seabird, the little auk |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
676 |
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Pages |
233-242 |
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Keywords |
Alle alle Capture-mark-recapture Geolocator Migration Non-breeding distribution Synchrony |
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Abstract |
Sharing the same wintering grounds by avian populations breeding in various areas may synchronize fluctuations in vital rates, which could increase the risk of extinction. Here, by combining multi-colony tracking with long-term capture-recapture data, we studied the winter distribution and annual survival of the most numerous Arctic seabird, the little auk Alle alle. We assessed whether little auks from different breeding populations in Svalbard and Franz Josef Land use the same wintering grounds and if this leads to synchronized survival. Our results indicate that birds from the Svalbard colonies shared similar wintering grounds, although differences existed in the proportion of birds from each colony using the different areas. Little auks from Franz Josef Land generally spent the winter in a separate area, but some individuals wintered in the Iceland Sea with Svalbard populations. Survival data from 3 Svalbard colonies collected in 2005-2018 indicated that sharing wintering grounds did not synchronize little auk annual survival rates. However, it is clear that the Iceland Sea is an important wintering area for little auks, and environmental changes in this area could have widespread impacts on many populations. |
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388 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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8419 |
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Title |
Comparative egg attendance patterns of incubating polar petrels |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Animal Biotelemetry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
17 |
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Keywords |
Biologging Cape petrel Egg neglect Egg temperatures Egg turning rates Snow petrel |
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109 |
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2050-3385 |
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yes |
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8091 |
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