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Author (up) Joanna Charton, Vincent Jomelli, Irene Schimmelpfennig, Deborah Verfaillie, Vincent Favier, Fatima Mokadem, Adrien Gilbert, Fanny Brun, Georges Aumaître, Didier L. Bourlès, Karim Keddadouche doi  openurl
  Title A debris-covered glacier at Kerguelen (49°S, 69°E) over the past 15 000 years Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Antarctic Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 103-115  
  Keywords Antarctic Cold Reversal glacier fluctuations Holocene in situ cosmogenic chlorine-36 dating palaeoclimate sub-Antarctic  
  Abstract Debris-covered glaciers constitute a large part of the world's cryosphere. However, little is known about their long-term response to multi-millennial climate variability, in particular in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we provide first insights into the response of a debris-covered glacier to multi-millennial climate variability in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Archipelago, which can be compared to that of recently investigated debris-free glaciers. We focus on the Gentil Glacier and present 13 new 36Cl cosmic-ray exposure ages from moraine boulders. The Gentil Glacier experienced at least two glacial advances: the first one during the Late Glacial (19.0–11.6 ka) at ~14.3 ka and the second one during the Late Holocene at ~2.6 ka. Both debris-covered and debris-free glaciers advanced broadly synchronously during the Late Glacial, most probably during the Antarctic Cold Reversal event (14.5–12.9 ka). This suggests that both glacier types at Kerguelen were sensitive to abrupt temperature changes recorded in Antarctic ice cores, associated with increased moisture. However, during the Late Holocene, the advance at ~2.6 ka was not observed in other glaciers and seems to be an original feature of the debris-covered Gentil Glacier, related to either distinct dynamics or to distinct sensitivity to precipitation changes.  
  Programme 1048  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0954-1020, 1365-2079 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8186  
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Author (up) Johanna Faure, Clara Péron, Nicolas Gasco, Félix Massiot-Granier, Jérôme Spitz, Christophe Guinet, Paul Tixier doi  openurl
  Title Contribution of toothfish depredated on fishing lines to the energy intake of killer whales off the Crozet Islands: a multi-scale bioenergetic approach Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Marine Ecology Progress Series Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 668 Issue Pages 149-161  
  Keywords Bioenergetic model Depredation Dissostichus eleginoides Ecosystem-based management Fisheries interaction Marine mammals Orcinus orca Top predator conservation  
  Abstract Fisheries modify prey availability for marine predators by extracting resources but also by providing them with new feeding opportunities. Among these, depredation, which occurs when predators feed on fish caught on fishing gear, is a behavior developed by many species as a way to acquire food through limited foraging effort. However, the extent to which depredated resources from fisheries contribute to the energetic requirements and affect the demography of depredating individuals is unknown. We investigated the contribution of Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides depredated on longlines to the energetic requirements of killer whales Orcinus orca around the Crozet Islands (southern Indian Ocean) over the period 2007-2018. Our results indicate that during days when depredation occurred, depredating individuals fulfilled on average 94.1% of their daily energetic requirements with depredated toothfish. However, the contribution varied from 1.2 to 13.3% of the monthly energetic requirements and from 2.4 to 8.8% of the yearly energetic requirements of the total population. Together, these findings suggest that intake of depredated toothfish can be substantial at a fine scale (daily and individually), potentially leading to temporary provisioning effects and changes in predation pressures. These effects become minor (<10%), however, when considering the full population over a whole year. The contribution of depredated fish to the annual energetic requirements of the population has increased in recent years, likely due to larger fishing quotas and greater opportunities for whales to depredate, which stresses the importance of accounting for depredation in ecosystem-based management of fishing activity.  
  Programme 109  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0171-8630, 1616-1599 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8335  
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Author (up) John P. Whiteman, Seth D. Newsome, Paco Bustamante, Yves Cherel, Keith A. Hobson doi  openurl
  Title Quantifying capital versus income breeding: New promise with stable isotope measurements of individual amino acids Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Journal of Animal Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 90 Issue 6 Pages 1408-1418  
  Keywords carbon-13 compound-specific isotope analysis CSIA discrimination fasting fractionation nitrogen-15  
  Abstract Capital breeders accumulate nutrients prior to egg development, then use these stores to support offspring development. In contrast, income breeders rely on local nutrients consumed contemporaneously with offspring development. Understanding such nutrient allocations is critical to assessing life-history strategies and habitat use. Despite the contrast between these strategies, it remains challenging to trace nutrients from endogenous stores or exogenous food intake into offspring. Here, we tested a new solution to this problem. Using tissue samples collected opportunistically from wild emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri, which exemplify capital breeding, we hypothesized that the stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of individual amino acids (AAs) in endogenous stores (e.g. muscle) and in egg yolk and albumen reflect the nutrient sourcing that distinguishes capital versus income breeding. Unlike other methods, this approach does not require untested assumptions or diet sampling. We found that over half of essential AAs had δ13C values that did not differ between muscle and yolk or albumen, suggesting that most of these AAs were directly routed from muscle into eggs. In contrast, almost all non-essential AAs differed in δ13C values between muscle and yolk or between muscle and albumen, suggesting de novo synthesis. Over half of AAs that have labile nitrogen atoms (i.e. ‘trophic’ AA) had higher δ15N values in yolk and albumen than in muscle, suggesting that they were transaminated during their routing into egg tissue. This effect was smaller for AAs with less labile nitrogen atoms (i.e. ‘source’ AA). Our results indicate that the δ15N offset between trophic-source AAs (Δ15Ntrophic-source) may provide an index of the extent of capital breeding. The value of emperor penguin Δ15NPro-Phe was higher in yolk and albumen than in muscle, reflecting the mobilization of endogenous stores; in comparison, the value of Δ15NPro-Phe was similar across muscle and egg tissue in previously published data for income-breeding herring gulls Larus argentatus smithsonianus. Our results provide a quantitative basis for using AA δ13C and δ15N, and isotopic offsets among AAs (e.g. Δ15NPro-Phe), to explore the allocation of endogenous versus exogenous nutrients across the capital versus income spectrum of avian reproduction.  
  Programme 109  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1365-2656 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7945  
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Author (up) Jonathan D. Wille, Vincent Favier, Irina V. Gorodetskaya, Cécile Agosta, Christoph Kittel, Jai Chowdhry Beeman, Nicolas C. Jourdain, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Francis Codron doi  openurl
  Title Antarctic Atmospheric River Climatology and Precipitation Impacts Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 126 Issue 8 Pages e2020JD033788  
  Keywords Antarctica atmospheric rivers climatology meteorology  
  Abstract The Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) is sensitive to short-term extreme meteorological events that can leave long-term impacts on the continent's surface mass balance (SMB). We investigate the impacts of atmospheric rivers (ARs) on the AIS precipitation budget using an AR detection algorithm and a regional climate model (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) from 1980 to 2018. While ARs and their associated extreme vapor transport are relatively rare events over Antarctic coastal regions (∼3 days per year), they have a significant impact on the precipitation climatology. ARs are responsible for at least 10% of total accumulated snowfall across East Antarctica (localized areas reaching 20%) and a majority of extreme precipitation events. Trends in AR annual frequency since 1980 are observed across parts of AIS, most notably an increasing trend in Dronning Maud Land; however, interannual variability in AR frequency is much larger. This AR behavior appears to drive a significant portion of annual snowfall trends across East Antarctica, while controlling the interannual variability of precipitation across most of the AIS. AR landfalls are most likely when the circumpolar jet is highly amplified during blocking conditions in the Southern Ocean. There is a fingerprint of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) on AR variability in West Antarctica with SAM+ (SAM−) favoring increased AR frequency in the Antarctic Peninsula (Amundsen-Ross Sea coastline). Given the relatively large influence ARs have on precipitation across the continent, it is advantageous for future studies of moisture transport to Antarctica to consider an AR framework especially when considering future SMB changes.  
  Programme 411  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2169-8996 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8327  
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Author (up) Jouanneau W.; Léandri-breton D-j.; Herzke D.; Moe B.; Nikiforov V. A.; Pallud M.; Parenteau C.; Gabrielsen G. W.; Chastel O. openurl 
  Title Maternal transfer of contaminants and endocrine disruption in an Arctic seabird Type Peer-reviewed symposium
  Year 2021 Publication 5th animal ecophysiology seminar “cepa5” 2021 – november 2-4 – montpellier, france Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Programme 330  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8655  
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Author (up) Juan Pedro Rodríguez-López, Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë, Jerónimo López-Martínez, Rebeca Martín-García doi  openurl
  Title Scouring by rafted ice and cryogenic patterned ground preserved in a Palaeoproterozoic equatorial proglacial lagoon succession, eastern India, Nuna supercontinent Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Marine and Petroleum Geology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 123 Issue Pages 104766  
  Keywords Ice-rafted debris Iceberg scouring India Palaeoproterozoic Permafrost Proglacial Reticulate ice  
  Abstract The Chaibasa Formation contains the oldest known record of ploughmarks formed by rafted ice preserved on Earth. The Palaeoproterozoic (Orosirian-Rhyacian, 1.86–2.1 Ga) Chaibasa Formation in the Dhalbhumgarh area, eastern India, represents sedimentation in an ice-contact proglacial lagoon affected by iceberg (bits and growlers) calving and lake-ice rafting. Ice scouring, both on muddy and sandy substrates, as well as ice “rosettes” developed as consequence of the ploughing action of floating icebergs that were moved by wind, meltwater floods and tidal currents on soft sediments. Muddy flats surrounding the proglacial lagoon underwent seasonal deep freezing conditions developing cryogenic patterned ground containing reticulate ice, ice veins and sand wedges, suggesting the occurrence of proglacial permafrost areas coeval with Proterozoic glaciers. The central part of the proglacial lagoon was characterized by deposition of glacial varves punctuated by pebble and cobble size angular dropstones accumulated in the basin as ice-rafted debris from floating ice. Evidences provided in this paper reinforced the idea that 1.86–2.1 Ga ago glacial conditions prevailed after the supposed ending of the Huronian glaciation. This paper provides detailed examples that can be used to recognize possible floating/drifted ice scours in other Precambrian successions, as these elements have largely passed undetected, being probably widely reported in the literature as generic soft-sediment deformation structures. Similar soft-sediment deformations from Precambrian clastic depositional systems should be re-evaluated as there is a significant possibility that most of the Precambrian iceberg-related structures had escape notice, as originally suggested Eyles et al. in 1997.  
  Programme 316  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0264-8172 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6471  
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Author (up) Julien Jumelet, Florent Tencé, Alain Sarkissian, Slimane Bekki, Philippe Keckhut doi  openurl
  Title 10 years of Polar Stratospheric Clouds lidar measurements at the French antarctic station Dumont d'Urville Type Peer-reviewed symposium
  Year 2021 Publication EGU General Assembly 2021 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages EGU21  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) play a primary role in polar stratospheric ozone depletion processes. Aside from recent improvements in both spaceborne monitoring as well as investigations on microphysics and modeling, there are still caveats on building a comprehensive picture of the PSC particle population, especially considering the fine optical signatures of some particles. In that regard, groundbased instruments provide fine and long term reference measurements that complement the global spaceborne coverage. Operated at the French antarctic station Dumont d’Urville (DDU) in the frame of the international Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), the Rayleigh/Mie/Raman lidar provides over the years a solid dataset to feed both process and classification studies, by monitoring cloud and aerosol occurrences in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Located on antarctic shore (66°S – 140°E), the station has a privileged access to polar vortex dynamics. Measurements are weather-dependent with a yearly average of 130 nights of monitoring. Expected PSC formation temperatures are used to evaluate the whole PSC season occurrence statistics. We hereby present a consolidated dataset from 10 years of lidar measurements using the 532nm backscatter ratio, the aerosol depolarisation and local atmospheric conditions to help in building an aerosol/cloud classification. Overall, the DDU PSC pattern is very consistent with expected typical temperature controlled thresholds. Supercooled Ternary Solution (STS) particles are the most observed particle type, closely followed by Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT). ICE clouds are more rarely observed. The measurements also feature significant and detailed signatures of various aerosols events having reached the polar antarctic stratosphere, like the Calbuco eruption (2015) or the 2 australian wildfires episodes (2009 and 2019). We aim at refining the identification of those aerosols to include their impact in the scope of the scientific questions studied at DDU.  
  Programme 209  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8725  
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Author (up) Jun Xie, Risheng Chu, Sidao Ni doi  openurl
  Title Evaluating Global Tomography Models With Antipodal Ambient Noise Cross-Correlation Functions Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 126 Issue 3 Pages e2020JB020444  
  Keywords ambient noise cross-correlation functions antipodal surface waves mantle heterogeneity tomography model evaluation  
  Abstract It is essential to evaluate global tomography models, which provide important information for understanding Earth's structure and dynamics. Long-period surface waves propagating between antipodal stations are good candidates for this purpose since they depend on global-scale velocity variations in the upper mantle. In this study, we extract minor-arc and major-arc Rayleigh waves from ambient noise cross correlations between GEOSCOPE station AIS and ∼1,800 USArray stations near the antipode of AIS. We identify two Rayleigh-wave-focusing regions and simulate the observed maximum amplitude pattern at the antipodal region using synthetic surface waves based on three global tomography models. Our simulations suggest that seismic heterogeneity of the tomography models need to be inflated by a factor of 2–3 in oceanic regions to explain the observed focusing pattern of surface waves near the antipodal region.  
  Programme 133  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2169-9356 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7993  
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Author (up) Karen D. McCoy isbn  openurl
  Title Community-Level Interactions and Disease Dynamics Type Book
  Year 2021 Publication Infectious Disease Ecology of Wild Birds Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract An ecological community includes all individuals of all species that interact within a single patch or local area of habitat. Understanding the outcome of host–parasite interactions and predicting disease dynamics is particularly challenging at this biological scale because the different component species interact both directly and indirectly in complex ways. Current shifts in biodiversity due to global change, and its associated modifications to biological communities, will alter these interactions, including the probability of disease emergence, its dynamics over time, and its community-level consequences. Birds are integral component species of almost all natural communities. Due to their ubiquity and specific life history traits, they are defining actors in the ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of parasitic species. To better understand this role, this chapter examines the relative importance of birds and parasites in natural communities, revisiting basic notions in community ecology. The impact of changes in diversity for disease dynamics, including the debate surrounding dilution and amplification effects are specifically addressed. By considering the intrinsic complexities of natural communities, the importance of combining data from host and parasite communities to better understand how natural systems function over time and space is highlighted. The different elements in each section of the chapter are illustrated with brief, concrete examples from avian species, with a detailed example from marine bird communities in which Lyme disease bacteria circulate.  
  Programme 333  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-0-19-874624-9 ISBN 978-0-19-874624-9 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8498  
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Author (up) Karine Delord, Cédric Cotté, Pascal Terray, Charles-André Bost, Henri Weimerskirch, Christophe Barbraud file  doi
openurl 
  Title Factors affecting adult body condition in the endangered northern rockhopper penguin Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Marine Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 168 Issue 3 Pages 27  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Understanding the factors that drive the dynamics of populations of long‐lived species presents a unique challenge for conservation management. Here, we investigated long-term change in the body condition of adult northern rockhopper penguins Eudyptes moseleyi at Amsterdam Island, southern Indian Ocean, which hosts 5–10% of the global population of this endangered species. Analysis of a long‐term dataset (1994–2016), concurrent to the population's rapid decline, revealed no trend in adult northern rockhopper penguin body condition over time at the stages considered in this study, i.e. breeding and moulting. However, body condition varied between years and sexes and part of this variation was explained by environmental factors. Males were on average in better condition than females whatever the stage and individuals on average were in better condition during the moulting compared to the breeding period. The environmental conditions [sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTa), Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM)] appeared to impact non-linearly the body condition. Overall, females were in better condition for negative values of SAM, SIOD and SSTa. The body condition of males exhibited similar but less complex and more significant patterns, with decreasing body condition for increasing SAM, SIOD and SSTa. The absence of long-term trends in male and female body condition suggests that the very low reproductive output and declining population since 1997 is probably not the result of environmental conditions during pre-breeding and pre-moult and necessitates further research into possible drivers during the breeding season.  
  Programme 109,394  
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  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1432-1793 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7792  
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