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Author |
Dominic Saunderson, Andrew Mackintosh, Felicity McCormack, Richard Selwyn Jones, Ghislain Picard |
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2022 |
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The Cryosphere Discussions |
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1-26 |
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1110 |
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1994-0416 |
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8420 |
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Title |
Long-term monitoring reveals topographical features and vegetation that explain winter habitat use of an Arctic rodent |
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2022 |
Publication |
Arctic Science |
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Volume |
8 |
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2 |
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349-361 |
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The quality of wintering habitats, such as depth of snow cover, plays a key role in sustaining population dynamics of Arctic lemmings. However, few studies so far investigated habitat use during the Arctic winter. Here, we used a unique long-term time series to test whether lemmings are associated with topographical and vegetational habitat features for their wintering sites. We examined yearly numbers and distribution of 22 769 winter nests of the collared lemming Dicrostonyx groenlandicus (Traill, 1823) from an ongoing long-term research on Traill Island, Northeast Greenland, collected between 1989 and 2019, and correlated this information with data on dominant vegetation types, elevation, and slope. We found that the number of lemming nests was highest in areas with a high proportion of Dryas heath, but was also correlated with other vegetation types, suggesting some flexibility in resource use of wintering lemmings. Furthermore, lemmings showed a higher use for sloped terrain, probably as it enhances the formation of deep snow drifts, which increases the insulative characteristics of the snowpack and protection from predators. With global warming, prime lemming winter habitats may become scarce through alteration of snow physical properties, potentially resulting in negative consequence for the whole community of terrestrial vertebrates. |
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1036 |
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yes |
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8426 |
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Author |
O. P. Mishra |
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Title |
Seismo-Geophysical Studies in the Antarctic Region: Geodynamical Implications |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Assessing the Antarctic Environment from a Climate Change Perspective: An Integrated Approach |
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Pages |
287-341 |
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Keywords |
Geodynamics Glacial dynamics GMCIE Plate reconstruction Seismic potential Seismo-geophysical structures Seismogenesis The Antarctic WARS |
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Abstract |
Conduction of integrated seismo-geophysical studies in the Antarctic region is a challenge as well as very much warranted to explore the region for its better geo-scientific understanding. Seismogenesis and seismic potential of the Antarctic region have not yet been well understood because of lack of common consensus on various issues, besides its unique and complex geotectonic settings associated with intriguing landscape evolution of the Antarctic plate since the breakup of Gondwana, West Antarctic Rift System (WARS), different patterns of exhumation events that occurred between the Early Cretaceous and Cenozoic. The hostile climatic situation and inaccessibility of the region due to the huge spatial distribution of thicker ice sheets hindered the mission of conducting comprehensive seismo-geophysical studies for the Antarctic Peninsula due to severe constraints of installations of ground-based sophisticated seismo-geophysical equipments in the region. Several causative factors associated with natural and anthropogenic are found still enigmatic in the sense to unravel the fact how the genesis of earthquakes are related to the glacial-dynamics and glacial mass change-induced earthquakes (GMCIE). It has become important to decipher the role and contribution of the East and the West Antarctic microplates and West Antarctic rift systems (WARS) in seismogenesis using advanced methodologies of geosciences. Seismicity of the Antarctic continent region is confined to different tectonic blocks, distributed into the southern ocean, continental margin, Lutzow-Holm Bay, Antarctic Peninsula, and in the volcanic regions in and around Deception Island, which helped estimate the seismic structure of Antarctica. In this chapter, a comprehensive overview of seismo-geophysical studies has been made to understand seismo-geodynamical implications for the Antarctic region in light of the Plate Reconstruction and seismo-geophysical structures of Antarctica. |
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133 |
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978-3-030-87078-2 |
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yes |
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8432 |
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Title |
Seven snail species hidden in one: Biogeographic diversity in an apparently widespread periwinkle in the Southern Ocean |
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2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Biogeography |
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Volume |
49 |
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8 |
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1521-1534 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic cryptic species dispersal Littorinidae species-delimitation analyses sub-Antarctic vicariance |
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1044 |
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ISSN |
1365-2699 |
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yes |
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8433 |
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Author |
Mathilde Chevallay, Christophe Guinet, Tiphaine Jeanniard-Du-Dot |
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Title |
Should I stay or should I go? Behavioral adjustments of fur seals related to foraging success |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
634-643 |
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Abstract |
Understanding foraging strategies and decision-making processes of predators provide crucial insights into how they might respond to changes in prey availability and in their environment to maximize their net energy input. In this work, foraging strategies of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella, AFS) and Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus, NFS) were studied to determine how they adjust their foraging behavior according to their past prey capture experiences. AFS on Kerguelen Islands are exclusively oceanic divers, while NFS population of St Paul Island shows both oceanic and neritic divers. We thus hypothesized that the two species would respond differently to a change in prey capture success depending on their foraging strategy. To test this, 40 females were equipped with tags that measured tri-axial acceleration, dive depth, and GPS coordinates, from which we derived prey capture attempts and behavioral metrics. Influence of prey capture success on horizontal and vertical movements of seals was investigated at different time scales: multi-dive, night, and trip. Both AFS and NFS traveled further during the day if they encountered low prey capture periods during the previous night. However, at the multi-dive scale, neritic NFS differed from oceanic NFS and AFS in terms of decision-making processes, e.g., both AFS and oceanic NFS dived deeper in response to low prey capture rate periods, while neritic NFS did not. Similarities in decision-making processes between NFS and AFS foraging on pelagic prey suggest that pelagic vs. neritic prey type is a key factor in defining foraging decisions of diving marine predators. |
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109 |
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1465-7279 |
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yes |
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8435 |
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Title |
Special issue on the AMAP 2021 assessment of mercury in the Arctic |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
843 |
Issue |
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Pages |
157020 |
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Keywords |
Biological effects Climate change Human health Indigenous participation Mercury cycle |
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Abstract |
This Editorial presents an overview of the Special Issue on advances in Arctic mercury (Hg) science synthesized from the 2021 assessment of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). Mercury continues to travel to Arctic environments and threaten wildlife and human health in this circumpolar region. Over the last decade, progress has been achieved in addressing policy-relevant uncertainties in environmental Hg contamination. This includes temporal trends of Hg, its transport to and within the Arctic, methylmercury cycling, climate change influences, biological effects of Hg on fish and wildlife, human exposure to Hg, and forecasting of Arctic responses to different future scenarios of anthropogenic Hg emissions. In addition, important contributions of Indigenous Peoples to Arctic research and monitoring of Hg are highlighted, including through projects of knowledge co-production. Finally, policy-relevant recommendations are summarized for future study of Arctic mercury. This series of scientific articles presents comprehensive information relevant to supporting effectiveness evaluation of the United Nations Minamata Convention on Mercury. |
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1028 |
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ISSN |
0048-9697 |
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yes |
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8438 |
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Title |
The magnitude, diversity, and distribution of the economic costs of invasive terrestrial invertebrates worldwide |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
835 |
Issue |
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Pages |
155391 |
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Keywords |
Dollar InvaCost Invasion management Monetary impact Non-native Socioeconomic indicators |
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Abstract |
Invasive alien species (IAS) are a major driver of global biodiversity loss, hampering conservation efforts and disrupting ecosystem functions and services. While accumulating evidence documented ecological impacts of IAS across major geographic regions, habitat types and taxonomic groups, appraisals for economic costs remained relatively sparse. This has hindered effective cost-benefit analyses that inform expenditure on management interventions to prevent, control, and eradicate IAS. Terrestrial invertebrates are a particularly pervasive and damaging group of invaders, with many species compromising primary economic sectors such as forestry, agriculture and health. The present study provides synthesised quantifications of economic costs caused by invasive terrestrial invertebrates on the global scale and across a range of descriptors, using the InvaCost database. Invasive terrestrial invertebrates cost the global economy US$ 712.44 billion over the investigated period (up to 2020), considering only high-reliability source reports. Overall, costs were not equally distributed geographically, with North America (73%) reporting the greatest costs, with far lower costs reported in Europe (7%), Oceania (6%), Africa (5%), Asia (3%), and South America (< 1%). These costs were mostly due to invasive insects (88%) and mostly resulted from direct resource damages and losses (75%), particularly in agriculture and forestry; relatively little (8%) was invested in management. A minority of monetary costs was directly observed (17%). Economic costs displayed an increasing trend with time, with an average annual cost of US$ 11.40 billion since 1960, but as much as US$ 165.01 billion in 2020, but reporting lags reduced costs in recent years. The massive global economic costs of invasive terrestrial invertebrates require urgent consideration and investment by policymakers and managers, in order to prevent and remediate the economic and ecological impacts of these and other IAS groups. |
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136 |
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0048-9697 |
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8439 |
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The rising threat of climate change for arthropods from Earth's cold regions: Taxonomic rather than native status drives species sensitivity |
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2022 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
5914-5927 |
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Keywords |
arachnid Araneae Coleoptera Diptera heat exposure insect sub-Antarctic islands temperature thermal fluctuations warming |
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136 |
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1365-2486 |
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8442 |
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Author |
Ghislain Picard, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Alison F. Banwell, Ludovic Brucker, Giovanni Macelloni |
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Title |
The sensitivity of satellite microwave observations to liquid water in the Antarctic snowpack |
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2022 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere Discussions |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1-34 |
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1110 |
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1994-0416 |
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yes |
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8443 |
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2022 |
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Geophysical Journal International |
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Volume |
231 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1518-1534 |
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337 |
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0956-540X |
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yes |
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8444 |
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