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Author Jana Maresova, Alena Suchackova Bartonova, Martin Konvicka, Toke T. Høye, Olivier Gilg, Jean-Claude Kresse, Nazar A. Shapoval, Roman V. Yakovlev, Zdenek Faltynek Fric doi  openurl
  Title The story of endurance: Biogeography and the evolutionary history of four Holarctic butterflies with different habitat requirements Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Journal of Biogeography Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 590-602  
  Keywords COI Ef-1α insect Lepidoptera mammoth steppe Pleistocene Quaternary RpS5 species distribution modelling  
  Abstract (down) Aim Biogeographical studies on the entire ranges of widely distributed species can change our perception of species’ range dynamics. We studied the effects of Pleistocene glacial cycles on current butterfly species distributions, aiming to uncover complex biogeographic patterns in the Holarctic, a region dramatically affected by Cenozoic climate change. Location Eurasia and North America. Taxon Boloria chariclea, Agriades optilete, Carterocephalus palaemon, Oeneis jutta. Methods We reconstructed the biogeographic history of four butterfly species differing in habitat preferences (B. chariclea – tundra, A. optilete – bogs, C. palaemon – temperate grasslands, O. jutta – taiga), using one mitochondrial and two nuclear DNA markers and species distribution modelling. Results Except for B. chariclea, all species originated in Eurasia. The open habitat species A. optilete and C. palaemon formed widely distributed east-west genetic clusters in continental Asia and clusters separated from them in Europe. Genetic clusters of the taiga species O. jutta were not geographically separated in Eurasia, suggesting Pleistocene fragmentation and recent reconnection. The glaciated North America was recolonized from Beringian and southerly situated refugia by all four species. Main conclusions The Pleistocene mammoth steppe allowed a widespread continuous distribution of open habitat butterflies, while in contrast the distribution of a taiga-specialist species was more limited. In the mostly flat and continental North Asia, the butterflies of various types of open habitats survived ice age in widely distributed east-west belts. In the mountainous and oceanic regions of Europe, Beringia and west North America, all four species persisted in contracted areas during the glacials. After deglaciation, they expanded their ranges and formed contact zones among populations. To conclude, the harsh climate of the glacials did not represent an obstacle for butterflies. Instead, different habitat specialists selected their own ways to thrive in the dynamic conditions of Quaternary glacial periods.  
  Programme 1036  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1365-2699 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7984  
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Author Tomoko Narazaki, Itsumi Nakamura, Kagari Aoki, Takashi Iwata, Kozue Shiomi, Paolo Luschi, Hiroyuki Suganuma, Carl G. Meyer, Rui Matsumoto, Charles A. Bost, Yves Handrich, Masao Amano, Ryosuke Okamoto, Kyoichi Mori, Stéphane Ciccione, Jérôme Bourjea, Katsufumi Sato doi  openurl
  Title Similar circling movements observed across marine megafauna taxa Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication iScience Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 102221  
  Keywords Animals Biological Sciences Ecology Ethology Zoology  
  Abstract (down) Advances in biologging technology have enabled 3D dead-reckoning reconstruction of marine animal movements at spatiotemporal scales of meters and seconds. Examining high-resolution 3D movements of sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier, N = 4; Rhincodon typus, N = 1), sea turtles (Chelonia mydas, N = 3), penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus, N = 6), and marine mammals (Arctocephalus gazella, N = 4; Ziphius cavirostris, N = 1), we report the discovery of circling events where animals consecutively circled more than twice at relatively constant angular speeds. Similar circling behaviors were observed across a wide variety of marine megafauna, suggesting these behaviors might serve several similar purposes across taxa including foraging, social interactions, and navigation.  
  Programme 394  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2589-0042 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8095  
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Author Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, Lei Geng doi  openurl
  Title Impacts of the photo-driven post-depositional processing on snow nitrate and its isotopes at Summit, Greenland: a model-based study Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication The Cryosphere Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue 9 Pages 4207-4220  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (down) Abstract. Atmospheric Information Embedded In Ice-core Nitrate Is Disturbed By Post-depositional Processing. Here We Used A Layered Snow Photochemical Column Model To Explicitly Investigate The Effects Of Post-depositional Processing On Snow Nitrate And Its Isotopes (δ15n And Δ17o) At Summit, Greenland, Where Post-depositional Processing Was Thought To Be Minimal Due To The High Snow Accumulation Rate. We Found Significant Redistribution Of Nitrate In The Upper Snowpack Through Photolysis, And Up To 21 % Of Nitrate Was Lost And/or Redistributed After Deposition. The Model Indicates Post-depositional Processing Can Reproduce Much Of The Observed δ15n Seasonality, While Seasonal Variations In δ15n Of Primary Nitrate Are Needed To Reconcile The Timing Of The Lowest Seasonal δ15n. In Contrast, Post-depositional Processing Can Only Induce Less Than 2.1 ‰ Seasonal Δ17o Change, Much Smaller Than The Observation (9 ‰) That Is Ultimately Determined By Seasonal Differences In Nitrate Formation Pathway. Despite Significant Redistribution Of Snow Nitrate In The Photic Zone And The Associated Effects On δ15n Seasonality, The Net Annual Effect Of Post-depositional Processing Is Relatively Small, Suggesting Preservation Of Atmospheric Signals At The Annual Scale Under The Present Summit Conditions. But At Longer Timescales When Large Changes In Snow Accumulation Rate Occur This Post-depositional Processing Could Become A Major Driver Of The δ15n Variability In Ice-core Nitrate.  
  Programme 1177  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1994-0416 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8375  
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Author Steven Franke, Daniela Jansen, Sebastian Beyer, Niklas Neckel, Tobias Binder, John Paden, Olaf Eisen doi  openurl
  Title Complex Basal Conditions and Their Influence on Ice Flow at the Onset of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 126 Issue 3 Pages e2020JF005689  
  Keywords basal roughness bed conditions Greenland Ice Sheet ice stream Northeast Greenland Ice Stream radio-echo sounding  
  Abstract (down) Abstract The ice stream geometry and large ice surface velocities at the onset region of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) are not yet well reproduced by ice sheet models. The quantification of basal sliding and a parametrization of basal conditions remains a major gap. In this study, we assess the basal conditions of the onset region of the NEGIS in a systematic analysis of airborne ultra-wideband radar data. We evaluate basal roughness and basal return echoes in the context of the current ice stream geometry and ice surface velocity. We observe a change from a smooth to a rougher bed where the ice stream widens, and a distinct roughness anisotropy, indicating a preferred orientation of subglacial structures. In the upstream region, the excess ice mass flux through the shear margins is evacuated by ice flow acceleration and along-flow stretching of the ice. At the downstream part, the generally rougher bed topography correlates with a decrease in flow acceleration and lateral variations in ice surface velocity. Together with basal water routing pathways, this hints to two different zones in this part of the NEGIS: the upstream region collecting water, with a reduced basal traction, and downstream, where the ice stream is slowing down and is widening on a rougher bed, with a distribution of basal water toward the shear margins. Our findings support the hypothesis that the NEGIS is strongly interconnected to the subglacial water system in its onset region, but also to the subglacial substrate and morphology.  
  Programme 1180  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2169-9003 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7272  
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Author Rune Dietz, Jérôme Fort, Christian Sonne, Céline Albert, Jan Ove Bustnes, Thomas Kjær Christensen, Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski, Jóhannis Danielsen, Sam Dastnai, Marcel Eens, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Anders Galatius, Svend-Erik Garbus, Olivier Gilg, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Björn Helander, Morten Helberg, Veerle L. B. Jaspers, Bjørn Munro Jenssen, Jón Einar Jónsson, Kaarina Kauhala, Yann Kolbeinsson, Line Anker Kyhn, Aili Lage Labansen, Martin Mørk Larsen, Ulf Lindstøm, Tone K. Reiertsen, Frank F. Rigét, Anna Roos, Jakob Strand, Hallvard Strøm, Signe Sveegaard, Jens Søndergaard, Jiachen Sun, Jonas Teilmann, Ole Roland Therkildsen, Thorkell Lindberg Thórarinsson, Rune Skjold Tjørnløv, Simon Wilson, Igor Eulaers doi  openurl
  Title A risk assessment of the effects of mercury on Baltic Sea, Greater North Sea and North Atlantic wildlife, fish and bivalves Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Environment international Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 146 Issue Pages 106178  
  Keywords Biological effect Bird of prey Hg Marine mammal Risk threshold Seabird  
  Abstract (down) A wide range of species, including marine mammals, seabirds, birds of prey, fish and bivalves, were investigated for potential population health risks resulting from contemporary (post 2000) mercury (Hg) exposure, using novel risk thresholds based on literature and de novo contamination data. The main geographic focus is on the Baltic Sea, while data from the same species in adjacent waters, such as the Greater North Sea and North Atlantic, were included for comparative purposes. For marine mammals, 23% of the groups, each composing individuals of a specific sex and maturity from the same species in a specific study region, showed Hg-concentrations within the High Risk Category (HRC) and Severe Risk Category (SRC). The corresponding percentages for seabirds, fish and bivalves were 2.7%, 25% and 8.0%, respectively, although fish and bivalves were not represented in the SRC. Juveniles from all species showed to be at no or low risk. In comparison to the same species in the adjacent waters, i.e. the Greater North Sea and the North Atlantic, the estimated risk for Baltic populations is not considerably higher. These findings suggest that over the past few decades the Baltic Sea has improved considerably with respect to presenting Hg exposure to its local species, while it does still carry a legacy of elevated Hg levels resulting from high neighbouring industrial and agricultural activity and slow water turnover regime.  
  Programme 1036  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0160-4120 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7985  
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Author Samara Danel, Timothée Zidat, Annick Lucas, Dora Biro, Francesco Bonadonna doi  openurl
  Title First description of nest-decoration behaviour in a wild sub-Antarctic shorebird Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 188 Issue Pages 104408  
  Keywords Animal communication Extended phenotype Nest decoration Non-bodily ornament Signal  
  Abstract (down) A wide range of animal species accumulate objects in, on, and/or around structures they build. Sometimes, these accumulations serve specific functions (e.g. structural or isolating features) or are purely incidental, while in other cases the materials are deliberately displayed to serve signalling purposes (extended phenotype signals). In this pilot study, we employed systematic in situ observations and camera trapping to describe for the first time that both partners of a territorial shorebird, the black-faced sheathbill (Chionis minor ssp minor) collect, carry, and arrange colourful marine shells and dry twigs within and around their nest cavity. Our observations expand the taxonomic breadth of avian extended phenotype signals, by showing that at least one species within a largely understudied group i.e., Charadriiformes, exhibits nest-decoration behaviour. Multiple manipulative experiments are needed to explore further the signalling function of these decorations, which opens new exciting avenues for animal communication and cognition research.  
  Programme 354  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0376-6357 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7953  
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Author Samuel Veilleux, Armelle Decaulne, Najat Bhiry doi  openurl
  Title Snow cornice and snow avalanche monitoring using automatic time lapse cameras in Tasiapik Valley, Nunavik (Québec) during the winter of 2017–2018 Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Arctic Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 798-812  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (down) A series of automatic time-lapse cameras installed along the southwestern side of Tasiapik Valley, near the village of Umiujaq, Nunavik (northern Québec) documented several departure modes and types of snow involved in snow avalanches during winter 2017–2018. These included cornice–avalanche dynamics, slab and loose snow avalanches, and clean and dirty snow avalanches. At the top of the selected slope, a camera monitored the development of a snow cornice beginning in November 2017, detecting multiple cornice failures over the winter and spring. The track and deposition area of the runout paths were monitored from two cameras downslope, revealing the concomitance of snow–cornice fall and snow avalanche triggering. Snow avalanche activity remained relatively infrequent until the end of May 2018. Spring snow avalanche activity is characterized by wet and dirty snow avalanches carrying debris to the foot of the slope and by runout zones located near the road along the slope.  
  Programme 1148  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8461  
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Author Denis Réale doi  openurl
  Title Sexual segregation in a sexually dimorphic seabird: a matter of spatial scale Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Peer Community in Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 1 Issue Pages 100025  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (down) A recommendation of: Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Akiko Kato, Paco Bustamante, Yves Cherel Sexual segregation in a highly pagophilic and sexually dimorphic marine predator https://doi.org/10.1101/472431  
  Programme 109  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2606-4979 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8434  
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Author Alain Manceau, Romain Brossier, Sarah E. Janssen, Tylor J. Rosera, David P. Krabbenhoft, Yves Cherel, Paco Bustamante, Brett A. Poulin doi  openurl
  Title Mercury Isotope Fractionation by Internal Demethylation and Biomineralization Reactions in Seabirds: Implications for Environmental Mercury Science Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Environmental Science & Technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 55 Issue 20 Pages 13942-13952  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (down) A prerequisite for environmental and toxicological applications of mercury (Hg) stable isotopes in wildlife and humans is quantifying the isotopic fractionation of biological reactions. Here, we measured stable Hg isotope values of relevant tissues of giant petrels (Macronectes spp.). Isotopic data were interpreted with published HR-XANES spectroscopic data that document a stepwise transformation of methylmercury (MeHg) to Hg-tetraselenolate (Hg(Sec)4) and mercury selenide (HgSe) (Sec = selenocysteine). By mathematical inversion of isotopic and spectroscopic data, identical δ202Hg values for MeHg (2.69 ± 0.04‰), Hg(Sec)4 (−1.37 ± 0.06‰), and HgSe (0.18 ± 0.02‰) were determined in 23 tissues of eight birds from the Kerguelen Islands and Adélie Land (Antarctica). Isotopic differences in δ202Hg between MeHg and Hg(Sec)4 (−4.1 ± 0.1‰) reflect mass-dependent fractionation from a kinetic isotope effect due to the MeHg → Hg(Sec)4 demethylation reaction. Surprisingly, Hg(Sec)4 and HgSe differed isotopically in δ202Hg (+1.6 ± 0.1‰) and mass-independent anomalies (i.e., changes in Δ199Hg of ≤0.3‰), consistent with equilibrium isotope effects of mass-dependent and nuclear volume fractionation from Hg(Sec)4 → HgSe biomineralization. The invariance of species-specific δ202Hg values across tissues and individual birds reflects the kinetic lability of Hg-ligand bonds and tissue-specific redistribution of MeHg and inorganic Hg, likely as Hg(Sec)4. These observations provide fundamental information necessary to improve the interpretation of stable Hg isotope data and provoke a revisitation of processes governing isotopic fractionation in biota and toxicological risk assessment in wildlife.  
  Programme 109  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0013-936X ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8427  
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Author Anika Immer, Thomas Merkling, Olivier Chastel, Scott A. Hatch, Etienne Danchin, Pierrick Blanchard, Sarah Leclaire doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Spying on your neighbours? Social information affects timing of breeding and stress hormone levels in a colonial seabird Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication Evolutionary Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 463-481  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (down) A good overlap between offspring energetic requirements and availability of resources is required for successful reproduction. Accordingly, individuals from numerous species fine-tune their timing of breeding by integrating cues that predict environmental conditions during the offspring period. Besides acquiring information from their direct interaction with the environment (personal information), individuals can integrate information by observing the behaviours or performance of others (social information). The use of social information is often beneficial because the accumulated knowledge of conspecifics may represent a source of information more reliable than the intrinsically more limited personal information. However, although social information constitutes the major source of information in a wide range of contexts, studies investigating its use in the context of timing of breeding are scarce. We investigated whether black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) used social information to adjust the timing of egg-laying. We manipulated social information using a food-supplementation experiment, known to advance kittiwakes' reproductive phenology. We expected food-supplemented and unsupplemented pairs to delay and advance, respectively, their timing of laying when surrounded by a majority of neighbours from the opposite food-treatment. However, both unsupplemented and food-supplemented kittiwakes delayed egg-laying when surrounded by a higher proportion of neighbours from the opposite food-treatment. This result shows that kittiwakes use social information to time egg-laying, but that it is not used to match the seasonal peak of food availability. We suggest that when social and personal cues give contradictory environmental information, individuals may benefit from delaying laying to gather more information to make better decisions about investment into eggs. Further, we explored a potential proximate mechanism for the pattern we report. We show that baseline corticosterone, known to mediate reproductive decisions, was lower in unsupplemented females facing a higher proportion of food-supplemented neighbours. Altogether, our results suggest that to fine-tune their timing of laying, kittiwakes use complex decision-making processes in which social and personal information interplay.  
  Programme 1162  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1573-8477 ISBN 1573-8477 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8245  
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