| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Cook Timothée R, Lescroël Amélie, Cherel Yves, Kato Akiko, Bost Charles-André, |
|
| |
Title |
Can Foraging Ecology Drive the Evolution of Body Size in a Diving Endotherm?
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e56297 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract  |
Within a single animal species, different morphs can allow for differential exploitation of foraging niches between populations, while sexual size dimorphism can provide each sex with access to different resources. Despite being potentially important agents of evolution, resource polymorphisms, and the way they operate in wild populations, remain poorly understood. In this study, we examine how trophic factors can select for different body sizes between populations and sexes in a diving endotherm. Dive depth and duration are positively related to body size in diving birds and mammals, a relationship explained by a lower mass-specific metabolic rate and greater oxygen stores in larger individuals. Based on this allometry, we predict that selection for exploiting resources situated at different depths can drive the evolution of body size in species of diving endotherms at the population and sexual level. To test this prediction, we studied the foraging ecology of Blue-eyed Shags, a group of cormorants with male-biased sexual size dimorphism from across the Southern Ocean. We found that mean body mass and relative difference in body mass between sexes varied by up to 77% and 107% between neighbouring colonies, respectively. Birds from colonies with larger individuals dived deeper than birds from colonies with smaller individuals, when accounting for sex. In parallel, males dived further offshore and deeper than females and the sexual difference in dive depth reflected the level of sexual size dimorphism at each colony. We argue that body size in this group of birds is under intense selection for diving to depths of profitable benthic prey patches and that, locally, sexual niche divergence selection can exaggerate the sexual size dimorphism of Blue-eyed Shags initially set up by sexual selection. Our findings suggest that trophic resources can select for important geographic micro-variability in body size between populations and sexes. |
|
| |
Programme |
394 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1932-6203 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
4482 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Henri Weimerskirch, Julien Collet, Alexandre Corbeau, Adrien Pajot, Floran Hoarau, Cédric Marteau, Dominique Filippi, Samantha C. Patrick |
|
| |
Title |
Ocean sentinel albatrosses locate illegal vessels and provide the first estimate of the extent of nondeclared fishing |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
117 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
3006-3014 |
|
| |
Keywords |
bio-logging conservation illegal fisheries seabird vessel attraction |
|
| |
Abstract |
With threats to nature becoming increasingly prominent, in order for biodiversity levels to persist, there is a critical need to improve implementation of conservation measures. In the oceans, the surveillance of fisheries is complex and inadequate, such that quantifying and locating nondeclared and illegal fisheries is persistently problematic. Given that these activities dramatically impact oceanic ecosystems, through overexploitation of fish stocks and bycatch of threatened species, innovative ways to monitor the oceans are urgently required. Here, we describe a concept of “Ocean Sentinel” using animals equipped with state-of-the-art loggers which monitor fisheries in remote areas. Albatrosses fitted with loggers detecting and locating the presence of vessels and transmitting the information immediately to authorities allowed an estimation of the proportion of nondeclared fishing vessels operating in national and international waters of the Southern Ocean. We found that in international waters, more than one-third of vessels had no Automatic Identification System operating; in national Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), this proportion was lower on average, but variable according to EEZ. Ocean Sentinel was also able to provide unpreceded information on the attraction of seabirds to vessels, giving access to crucial information for risk-assessment plans of threatened species. Attraction differed between species, age, and vessel activity. Fishing vessels attracted more birds than other vessels, and juveniles both encountered fewer vessels and showed a lower attraction to vessels than adults. This study shows that the development of technologies offers the potential of implementing conservation policies by using wide-ranging seabirds to patrol oceans. |
|
| |
Programme |
109 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0027-8424, 1091-6490 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
7684 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Guillaume Pépy |
|
| |
Title |
Etude du formaldéhyde en zone côtière Antarctique. Thèse de l'Université de Grenoble, soutenue le 23 Novembre 2011, 244 pages |
Type |
Thesis |
| |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
With the aim to investigate the production and destruction mechanisms of formaldehyde (HCHO) on a seasonal scale in the remote troposphere, HCHO was monitored over a 13-months period at Dumont d’Urville station, located near the East Coast of the Antarctic continent. Monthly means of 50 ppt in winter and up to 200 ppt in summer were measured. In spring, summer and autumn, a daily variation was detected with amplitude of ≈40 ppt and a maximum during the afternoon. The analytical instrument (Aerolaser, AL4021) deployed for the measurements, was found to be extremely sensitive to ambient temperature variations. The origin of the temperature dependence was investigated, and the deployed analytical method was adapted to eliminate this artefact. The impact of local contamination sources at the measurement site was explored in detail. Anthropogenic combustions were found to have a limited impact (maximum 150 pptv on hourly means) versus a local emission source from ornithogenic soils, induced by the omni-presence of Adelie penguins on the site in summer (maximum 200 pptv on hourly means). From november to march, these sources can introduce an overestimation by a factor 5 of the daily HCHO amplitude, while the influence on the monthly averaged budget can account up to 100 ppt. The raw dataset was thoroughly filtered using local meteorological criteria to eliminate any potential contamination. HCHO measurements were compared to simulations made with a numerical box model developed on the base of the current understanding of the photochemical sources and sinks of HCHO. During summer, methane oxidation was found to be the major source of HCHO production, likely due to enhanced levels of oxidants such as hydroxyl radical (OH) or nitrogen oxide (NO) occurring at DDU since this coastal site is under strong continental influence. Snow emissions and HCHO formation via methyl-hydroperoxyde oxidation complete the summer budget (respectively 10 to 20% of the CH4 oxidation). In contrary to what was observed for the Weddell Sea area, halogens chemistry is probably unlikely to contribute significantly at Dumont d’Urville (<10% of the CH4 oxidation). Finally, the initially attended summer source originating from non-methane hydrocarbons oxidation was found to be inefficient and to contribute only with less than 5 % of the CH4 oxidation. During winter the snowpack source was found to be preponderant (70% of CH4 oxidation) versus the gas phase chemistry sources of HCHO. Model investigations, performed on a seasonal and daily scale have shown that gas phase processes together with deposition and snow emission have to be considered to achieve a correct reconstruction of the observations. |
|
| |
Programme |
414 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1866 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Dragon AC, Bar-Hen A, Monestiez P, Guinet C, |
|
| |
Title |
Horizontal and vertical movements as predictors of foraging success in a marine predator
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
|
| |
Volume |
447 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
243-257 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Area-restricted search · Dive classification · Drift dive · Fine-scale behaviour · Movement analysis |
|
| |
Abstract |
With technical advances in wildlife telemetry, the study of cryptic predators’ responses to prey distribution has been revolutionised. In the case of marine predators, high resolution tagging devices have been developed recently to collect precise diving datasets covering extended periods of time. In this study, we investigated changes in the horizontal movements and diving patterns of a marine predator, the southern elephant seal, at fine temporal and spatial scales. Satellite tracking data collected for 9 seals were processed with switching state-space models. Seal body condition, as a proxy for foraging success, was estimated through changes in drift rate from Time Depth Recorder (TDR) data. We identified (1) statistically distinct behavioural modes from the tracking data (intensive vs. extensive foraging modes) and (2) distinct dive classes from the TDR diving data (drift, exploratory, shallow active and deep active dives). Active dives, associated with vertical foraging and chasing, were more numerous when the seals were in intensive foraging mode. Improved body condition and mass gain of seals were also associated with the intensive foraging mode and, within the vertical dimension, with sets of highly active dives. In conclusion, proportions of dive classes varied according to seals’ horizontal behaviour. Intensive foraging detected from surface tracking data is a good predictor of diving activity and foraging success occurring in the vertical dimension. |
|
| |
Programme |
109 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0171-8630 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
3870 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
A.-M. Lagrange, Nadège Meunier, Pascal Rubini, Miriam Keppler, Franck Galland, Eric Chapellier, Eric Michel, Luis Balona, Hervé Beust, Tristan Guillot, Antoine Grandjean, Simon Borgniet, Djamel Mékarnia, Paul Anthony Wilson, Flavien Kiefer, Mickael Bonnefoy, Jorge Lillo-Box, Blake Pantoja, Matias Jones, Daniela Paz Iglesias, Laetitia Rodet, Matias Diaz, Abner Zapata, Lyu Abe, François-Xavier Schmider |
|
| |
Title |
Evidence for an additional planet in the β Pictoris system |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Nature Astronomy |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
3 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1135-1142 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
With its imaged debris disk of dust, its evaporating exocomets, and an imaged giant planet, the young (~23 Myr) β Pictoris system is a unique proxy for detailed studies of planet formation processes as well as planet–disk interactions. Here, we study ten years of European Southern Observatory/High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) high-resolution spectroscopic data of β Pictoris. After removing the radial velocity (RV) signals arising from the δ Scuti pulsations of the star, a ~1,200-d periodic signal remains, which, within our current knowledge, we can only attribute to a second planet in the system. The β Pic c mass is about nine times the mass of Jupiter; it orbits at ~2.7 au on an eccentric (e ~ 0.24) orbit. More RV data are needed to obtain more precise estimates of the properties of β Pic c. The current modelling of the planet’s properties and the dynamic of the whole system has to be reinvestigated in light of this detection. |
|
| |
Programme |
1066 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
2397-3366 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
7702 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
F. Domine, M. Barrere, S. Morin |
|
| |
Title |
The growth of shrubs on high Arctic tundra at Bylot Island: impact on snow physical properties and permafrost thermal regime |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
13 |
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
6471-6486 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
With climate warming, shrubs have been observed to grow on Arctic tundra. Their presence is known to increase snow height and is expected to increase the thermal insulating effect of the snowpack. An important consequence would be the warming of the ground, which will accelerate permafrost thaw, providing an important positive feedback to warming. At Bylot Island (73° N, 80° W) in the Canadian high Arctic where bushes of willows (Salix richardsonii Hook) are growing, we have observed the snow stratigraphy and measured the vertical profiles of snow density, thermal conductivity and specific surface area (SSA) in over 20 sites of high Arctic tundra and in willow bushes 20 to 40 cm high. We find that shrubs increase snow height, but only up to their own height. In shrubs, snow density, thermal conductivity and SSA are all significantly lower than on herb tundra. In shrubs, depth hoar which has a low thermal conductivity was observed to grow up to shrub height, while on herb tundra, depth hoar only developed to 5 to 10 cm high. The thermal resistance of the snowpack was in general higher in shrubs than on herb tundra. More signs of melting were observed in shrubs, presumably because stems absorb radiation and provide hotspots that initiate melting. When melting was extensive, thermal conductivity was increased and thermal resistance was reduced, counteracting the observed effect of shrubs in the absence of melting. Simulations of the effect of shrubs on snow properties and on the ground thermal regime were made with the Crocus snow physics model and the ISBA (Interactions between Soil–Biosphere–Atmosphere) land surface scheme, driven by in situ and reanalysis meteorological data. These simulations did not take into account the summer impact of shrubs. They predict that the ground at 5 cm depth at Bylot Island during the 2014–2015 winter would be up to 13 °C warmer in the presence of shrubs. Such warming may however be mitigated by summer effects. |
|
| |
Programme |
1042 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1726-4189 |
ISBN |
1726-4189 |
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
6906 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Solveig Bourgeois, Philippe Kerhervé, Maria Ll. Calleja, Gaël Many, Nathalie Morata |
|
| |
Title |
Glacier inputs influence organic matter composition and prokaryotic distribution in a high Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard) |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of marine systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
164 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
112-127 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Bacteria Biomarkers Biopolymeric carbon Climate change Pigments Polar zones |
|
| |
Abstract |
With climate change, the strong seasonality and tight pelagic-benthic coupling in the Arctic is expected to change in the next few decades. It is currently unclear how the benthos will be affected by changes of environmental conditions such as supplies of organic matter (OM) from the water column. In the last decade, Kongsfjorden (79°N), a high Arctic fjord in Svalbard influenced by several glaciers and Atlantic water inflow, has been a site of great interest owing to its high sensitivity to climate change, evidenced by a reduction in ice cover and an increase in melting freshwater. To investigate how spatial and seasonal changes in vertical fluxes can impact the benthic compartment of Kongsfjorden, we studied the organic matter characteristics (in terms of quantity and quality) and prokaryotic distribution in sediments from 3 stations along a transect extending from the glacier into the outer fjord in 4 different seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in 2012–2013. The biochemical parameters used to describe the sedimentary organic matter were organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen, bulk stable isotope ratios, pigments (chorophyll-a and phaeopigments) and biopolymeric carbon (BPC), which is the sum of the main macromolecules, i.e. lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. Prokaryotic abundance and distribution were estimated by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. This study identifies a well-marked quantitative gradient of biogenic compounds throughout all seasons and also highlights a discrepancy between the quantity and quality of sedimentary organic matter within the fjord. The sediments near the glacier were organic-poor (<0.3%OC), however the high primary productivity in the water column displayed during spring was reflected in summer sediments, and exhibited higher freshness of material at the inner station compared to the outer basin (means C-chlorophyll-a/OC ~5 and 1.5%, respectively). However, sediments at the glacier front were depleted in BPC (~0.2–0.3mgCg−1DW) by 4.5 and 9 times compared to sediments from the inner and outer stations. δ13C values in sedimentary organic matter of Kongsfjorden varied between −23.8 and −19.3‰ and reflected distinct sources of organic matter between basins. Bacterial total cell numbers in sediments of Kongsfjorden were <2×108cellsml−1 and the prokaryotic community structure was strongly influenced by the marked environmental biogenic gradients. Overall, the spatial variability prevailed over the seasonal variability in sediments of Kongsfjorden suggesting that glacier inputs prominently control the functioning of this benthic ecosystem and its communities. Regional index terms: Norway, Svalbard, Kongsfjorden. |
|
| |
Programme |
1092 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0924-7963 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
8229 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Simpson, W. et al. (inc. Law, Raut, Roberts) |
|
| |
Title |
ALPACA White Paper |
Type |
Report |
| |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Https://alpaca.community.uaf.edu/ |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
Wintertime air pollution is a serious problem for urban areas and areas affected by industrial
activities in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. The cause of this pollution is local emissions
coupled with poor dispersion caused by strong temperature inversions, yet many uncertainties
remain in understanding the physical and chemical processes driving this pollution. In the case of
Fairbanks, Alaska, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations exceed health-based pollution
thresholds, requiring action to mitigate this problem. This particulate matter comes from a mix of
sources and is likely enhanced by condensation of gaseous precursors, especially under these low
temperature conditions and through chemical gas-to-particle conversion processes. Prior
Fairbanks studies have shown that wood combustion is the largest single source, but other
sources also contribute. Progress on this problem requires research into source apportionment
and a better understanding of chemical processing of pollution during cold and dark conditions.
The role of meteorology, particularly surface-based inversions also needs study. Therefore, we
propose the ALPACA study, which is organized under the international PACES initiative and in
coordination with the Pan Eurasian Experiment (PEEX). ALPACA investigates emissions and
chemical and meteorological influences on pollution in Fairbanks. In addition to measurements,
modeling, laboratory, and health effect studies, outreach efforts are planned. Involvement of
citizens is highly desired. The intended outcomes of ALPACA are improved mechanistic
understanding of pollution behavior under cold and dark conditions, improved public
understanding of the problem, and better-informed pollution mitigation strategies. The ALPACA
study will provide a benchmark to inform sister studies at high northern latitudes and assist in
understanding air pollution impacts of increasing development in the rapidly changing Arctic.
ALPACA will also provide a colder/darker comparison for mid-latitude wintertime pollution
studies. |
|
| |
Programme |
1215 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
7548 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Testut L., R. Coleman, N. Pouvreau , C. Watson, G. Wöppelmann and J. Hunter. |
|
| |
Title |
Historical sea level trends in the Southern Ocean from tide gauges |
Type |
Conference - International - Poster |
| |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
William Smith Meeting : Observations and Causes of Sea-Level Changes on Millennial to Decadal Timescales, 1-2 Sept. 2008, London. |
|
| |
Programme |
688 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
5169 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Juliet Lamb, Jeremy Tornos, Romain Dedet, Hubert Gantelet, Nicolas Keck, Juliette Baron, Marine Bely, Augustin Clessin, Aline Flechet, Amandine Gamble, Thierry Boulinier |
|
| |
Title |
Hanging out at the club: Breeding status and territoriality affect individual space use, multi-species overlap and pathogen transmission risk at a seabird colony |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
37 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
576-590 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Diomedea amsterdamensis dynamic space utilization floaters foraging infectious disease nonbreeding Stercorarius antarcticus |
|
| |
Abstract |
Wildlife movement ecology often focuses on breeders, whose territorial attachments facilitate trapping and following individuals over time. This leads to incomplete understanding of movements of individuals not actively breeding due to age, breeding failure, subordinance, and other factors. These individuals are often present in breeding populations and contribute to processes such as competition and pathogen spread. Therefore, excluding them from movement ecology studies could bias or mask important spatial dynamics. Loafing areas offer an alternative to breeding sites for capturing and tracking individuals. Such sites may allow for sampling individuals regardless of breeding status, while also avoiding disturbance of sensitive breeding areas. However, little is known about the breeding status of individuals attending loafing sites, or how their movements compare to those of breeders captured at nests. We captured a seabird, the brown skua, attending either nests or loafing areas (‘clubs’) at a multi-species seabird breeding site on Amsterdam Island (southern Indian Ocean). We outfitted skuas with GPS-UHF transmitters and inferred breeding statuses of individuals captured at clubs using movement patterns of breeders captured at nests. We then compared space use and activity patterns between breeders and nonbreeders. Both breeding and nonbreeding skuas attended clubs. Nonbreeders ranged more widely, were more active, and overlapped more with other seabirds and marine mammals than did breeders. Moreover, some nonbreeders occupied fixed territories and displayed more restricted movements than those without territories. Nonbreeders became less active over the breeding season, while activity of breeders remained stable. Nonbreeding skuas were exposed to the agent of avian cholera at similar rates to breeders but were more likely to forage in breeding areas of the endangered endemic Amsterdam albatross, increasing opportunities for interspecific pathogen transmission. Our results show that inference based only on breeders fails to capture important aspects of population-wide movement patterns. Capturing nonbreeders as well as breeders would help to improve population-level representation of movement patterns, elucidate and predict effects of external changes and conservation interventions (e.g. rat eradication) on movement patterns and pathogen spread, and develop strategies to manage outbreaks of diseases such as highly pathogenic avian influenza. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. |
|
| |
Programme |
1151 |
|
| |
Campaign |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1365-2435 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
8538 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
