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Hajo Eicken, Finn Danielsen, Josephine-Mary Sam, Maryann Fidel, Noor Johnson, Michael K Poulsen, Olivia A Lee, Katie V Spellman, Lisbeth Iversen, Peter Pulsifer, Martin Enghoff |
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Title |
Connecting Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches in Environmental Observing |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
BioScience |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
71 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
467-483 |
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Programme |
1090,1206 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0006-3568 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8249 |
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Title |
Toward a global strategy for seabird tracking |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Conservation Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e12804 |
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Keywords |
biogeography biologging biotelemetry ecological monitoring marine conservation oceanography spatial planning threatened species |
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Abstract |
Electronic tracking technologies revolutionized wildlife ecology, notably for studying the movements of elusive species such as seabirds. Those advances are key to seabird conservation, for example in guiding the design of marine protected areas for this highly threatened group. Tracking data are also boosting scientific understanding of marine ecosystem dynamics in the context of global change. To optimize future tracking efforts, we performed a global assessment of seabird tracking data. We identified and mined 689 seabird tracking studies, reporting on > 28,000 individuals of 216 species from 17 families over the last four decades. We found substantial knowledge gaps, reflecting a historical neglect of tropical seabird ecology, with biases toward species that are heavier, oceanic, and from high-latitude regions. Conservation status had little influence on seabird tracking propensity. We identified 54 threatened species for which we did not find published tracking records, and 19 with very little data. Additionally, much of the existing tracking data are not yet available to other researchers and decision-makers in online databases. We highlight priority species and regions for future tracking efforts. More broadly, we provide guidance toward an ethical, rational, and efficient global tracking program for seabirds, as a contribution to their conservation. |
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388 |
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ISSN |
1755-263X |
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yes |
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Serial |
7981 |
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Author |
Noor Johnson, Matthew L Druckenmiller, Finn Danielsen, Peter L Pulsifer |
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Title |
The Use of Digital Platforms for Community-Based Monitoring |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
BioScience |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
71 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
452-466 |
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Programme |
1090,1206 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0006-3568 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8248 |
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Title |
Seabird Migration Strategies: Flight Budgets, Diel Activity Patterns, and Lunar Influence |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Abstract |
Every year, billions of birds undertake extensive migrations between breeding and non-breeding areas, facing challenges that require behavioural adjustments, particularly to flight timing and duration. Such adjustments in daily activity patterns and the influence of extrinsic factors (e.g., environmental conditions, moonlight) have received much more research attention in terrestrial than marine migrants. Taking advantage of the widespread deployment in recent decades of combined light-level geolocator-immersion loggers, we investigated diel organisation and influence of the moon on flight activities during the non-breeding season of 21 migrant seabird species from a wide taxonomic range (6 families, 3 orders). Migrant seabirds regularly stopped (to either feed or rest) during migration, unlike some terrestrial and wetland birds which fly non-stop. We found an overall increase for most seabird species in time in flight and, for several species, also in flight bout duration, during migration compared to when resident at the non-breeding grounds. Additionally, several nocturnal species spent more of the day in flight during migration than at non-breeding areas, and vice versa for diurnal species. Nocturnal time in flight tended to increase during full moon, both during migration and at the non-breeding grounds, depending on species. Our study provides an extensive overview of activity patterns of migrant seabirds, paving the way for further research on the underlying mechanisms and drivers. |
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Programme |
330,1036 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
2296-7745 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8417 |
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Title |
Predation by feral cats threatens great albatrosses |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biological Invasions |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2389-2405 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
1573-1464 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7938 |
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Title |
Contribution of toothfish depredated on fishing lines to the energy intake of killer whales off the Crozet Islands: a multi-scale bioenergetic approach |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
668 |
Issue |
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Pages |
149-161 |
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Keywords |
Bioenergetic model Depredation Dissostichus eleginoides Ecosystem-based management Fisheries interaction Marine mammals Orcinus orca Top predator conservation |
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Abstract |
Fisheries modify prey availability for marine predators by extracting resources but also by providing them with new feeding opportunities. Among these, depredation, which occurs when predators feed on fish caught on fishing gear, is a behavior developed by many species as a way to acquire food through limited foraging effort. However, the extent to which depredated resources from fisheries contribute to the energetic requirements and affect the demography of depredating individuals is unknown. We investigated the contribution of Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides depredated on longlines to the energetic requirements of killer whales Orcinus orca around the Crozet Islands (southern Indian Ocean) over the period 2007-2018. Our results indicate that during days when depredation occurred, depredating individuals fulfilled on average 94.1% of their daily energetic requirements with depredated toothfish. However, the contribution varied from 1.2 to 13.3% of the monthly energetic requirements and from 2.4 to 8.8% of the yearly energetic requirements of the total population. Together, these findings suggest that intake of depredated toothfish can be substantial at a fine scale (daily and individually), potentially leading to temporary provisioning effects and changes in predation pressures. These effects become minor (<10%), however, when considering the full population over a whole year. The contribution of depredated fish to the annual energetic requirements of the population has increased in recent years, likely due to larger fishing quotas and greater opportunities for whales to depredate, which stresses the importance of accounting for depredation in ecosystem-based management of fishing activity. |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8335 |
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Title |
Fishing behaviours and fisher effect in decision-making processes when facing depredation by marine predators |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Fisheries Management and Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
528-541 |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
1365-2400 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8307 |
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Title |
Snow hardness impacts intranivean locomotion of arctic small mammals |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
e03835 |
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Keywords |
Arctic burrowing behavior digging fossorial hardness lemming locomotion rain-on-snow rodent snow subnivean tunnel |
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Abstract |
Fossorial locomotion is often considered as the most energetically costly of all terrestrial locomotion. Small arctic rodents, such as lemmings, dig tunnels not only in the soil but also through the snowpack, which is present for over 8 months of the year. Lemmings typically dig in the softest snow layer called the depth hoar but with climate change, melt-freeze and rain-on-snow (ROS) events are expected to increase in the Arctic, leading to a higher frequency of hardened snowpacks. We assessed the impacts of snow hardness on the locomotion of two lemming species showing different morphological adaptations for digging. We hypothesized that an increase in snow hardness would (1) decrease lemming performance and (2) increase their effort while digging, but those responses would differ between lemming species. We exposed four brown lemmings (Lemmus trimucronatus) and three collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) to snow of different hardness (soft, hard, and ROS) during 30-min trials (n = 63 trials) in a cold room and filmed their behavior. We found that the digging speed and tunnel length of both species decreased with snow hardness and density, underlining the critical role of snow properties in affecting lemming digging performance. During the ROS trials, time spent digging by lemmings increased considerably and they also started using their incisors to help break the hard snow, validating our second hypothesis. Overall, digging performance was higher in collared lemmings, the species showing more morphological adaptations to digging, than in brown lemmings. We conclude that the digging performance of lemming is highly dependent on snowpack hardness and that the anticipated increase in ROS events may pose a critical energetic challenge for arctic rodent populations. |
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Programme |
1042 |
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ISSN |
2150-8925 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8028 |
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Title |
Fifty million years of beetle evolution along the Antarctic Polar Front |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
Antarctica herbivory island biogeography paleoclimate species radiation |
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136 |
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0027-8424, 1091-6490 |
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8087 |
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Author |
Lucie Aulus-Giacosa |
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2021 |
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1041 |
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8354 |
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