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Author |
Dietrich Muriel, Beati Lorenza, Elguero Eric, Boulinier Thierry, McCoy Karen D, |
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Title |
Body size and shape evolution in host races of the tick Ixodes uriae
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. |
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Volume |
108 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
323-334 |
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Keywords |
adaptation, bird, morphometry, parasite, sympatric speciation, |
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Abstract  |
The tick Ixodes uriae is a common ectoparasite of seabirds, and is widely distributed across the circumpolar regions of both hemispheres. Previous work demonstrated the existence of genetically distinct host races of this ectoparasite, occurring across its current range. The objective of the present study was to examine whether these host races have evolved measurable morphological differences. We measured a set of morphological variables on 255 non-engorged ticks (nymphs and adults) collected from three sympatrically occurring host species in the North Atlantic. Genotyping at eight microsatellite markers enabled us to analyse the relationship between patterns of morphological and neutral genetic variation. Multivariate analyses showed that most morphological variation was associated with size differences among tick individuals. Body size differed among races, but only in adult life stages. A linear discriminant analysis based on shape variation revealed three distinct morphological clusters corresponding to the three tick host races. These results, along with correlated patterns of host-related genetic variation, suggest that differences among host-related groups are not simply the result of phenotypic plasticity or drift, but rather reflect host-associated adaptations. Experimental work and observations across the range of I.uriae will now be required to test the genetic basis and adaptive nature of morphological differences.
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333 |
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ISSN |
1095-8312 |
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yes |
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Serial |
3957 |
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Author |
Falk-Petersen, S.; Mayzaud, P.; Kattner, G.; Sargent, J.R. |
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Title |
Lipids and life strategy of Arctic Calanus |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Marine Biology Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
18-39 |
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Abstract |
The three Arctic Calanus species, C. finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1765), C. glacialis (Jaschov, 1955), and C. hyperboreus, are the most important herbivores in Arctic seas in terms of species biomass. They play a key role in the lipid-based energy flux in the Arctic, converting low-energy carbohydrates and proteins in ice algae and phytoplankton into high-energy wax esters. In this paper we review the over-wintering strategy, seasonal migration, stage development, life span, feeding strategy, body size, lipid biochemistry and the geographic distribution of the three dominant Calanus species in Arctic waters. We then relate these parameters to other biotic and abiotic factors, such as the timing of the Arctic phytoplankton and ice algae bloom, sea ice cover and climate variability. We also present new data on fatty acid and fatty alcohol content in the three Calanus species in addition to reviewing the available literature on these topics. These data are analysed for species homogeneity and geographic grouping. The dominance of diatom fatty acid trophic markers in the lipids of Calanus underpins the importance of diatoms as Arctic primary producers, even if dinoflagellates and Phaeocystis pouchetii can also be important food sources for the calanoid copepods. We conclude that the Arctic Calanus species are herbivores, engineered to feed on the Arctic bloom, and that the timing of the bloom is the most important factor in determining the life strategies of the individual species. |
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455 |
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Taylor & Francis |
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ISSN |
1745-1000 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
6052 |
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Author |
Falk-Petersen Stig, Mayzaud Patrick, Kattner Gerhard, Sargent John, |
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Title |
Lipids and life strategy of Arctic Calanus
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Marine Biology Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Biol. Res. |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
18 -39 |
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Keywords |
Arctic, BARENTS-SEA, Calanus, EGG-PRODUCTION, fatty acids, FRAM STRAIT, GREENLAND SEA, HERBIVOROUS COPEPODS, life strategy, lipids, MARGINAL ICE-ZONE, NORTH-ATLANTIC, trophic markers, VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION, WAX ESTERS, WEST GREENLAND, |
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Abstract |
The three Arctic Calanus species, C. finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1765), C. glacialis (Jaschov, 1955), and C. hyperboreus, are the most important herbivores in Arctic seas in terms of species biomass. They play a key role in the lipid-based energy flux in the Arctic, converting low-energy carbohydrates and proteins in ice algae and phytoplankton into high-energy wax esters. In this paper we review the over-wintering strategy, seasonal migration, stage development, life span, feeding strategy, body size, lipid biochemistry and the geographic distribution of the three dominant Calanus species in Arctic waters. We then relate these parameters to other biotic and abiotic factors, such as the timing of the Arctic phytoplankton and ice algae bloom, sea ice cover and climate variability. We also present new data on fatty acid and fatty alcohol content in the three Calanus species in addition to reviewing the available literature on these topics. These data are analysed for species homogeneity and geographic grouping. The dominance of diatom fatty acid trophic markers in the lipids of Calanus underpins the importance of diatoms as Arctic primary producers, even if dinoflagellates and Phaeocystis pouchetii can also be important food sources for the calanoid copepods. We conclude that the Arctic Calanus species are herbivores, engineered to feed on the Arctic bloom, and that the timing of the bloom is the most important factor in determining the life strategies of the individual species.
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Programme |
455 |
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Publisher |
TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1731 |
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Title |
The thermospheric auroral red line polarization: confirmation of detection and first quantitative analysis |
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Journal |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
A01 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1026 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2115-7251 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7962 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Gondwana Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
81 |
Issue |
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Pages |
21-57 |
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Keywords |
Ar/Ar dating East Antarctica HT metamorphism Mafic magmatism P-T modelling Shear zones |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1003 |
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ISSN |
1342-937X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7643 |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
200 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
809-823 |
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Programme |
1003 |
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ISSN |
0956-540X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7795 |
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Author |
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Title |
What caused Earth's temperature variations during the last 800,000 years? Data-based evidence on radiative forcing and constraints on climate sensitivity
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Quaternary Science Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
Quat Sci Rev |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
129 -145 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The temperature on Earth varied largely in the Pleistocene from cold glacials to interglacials of different warmths. To contribute to an understanding of the underlying causes of these changes we compile various environmental records (and model-based interpretations of some of them) in order to calculate the direct effect of various processes on Earth's radiative budget and, thus, on global annual mean surface temperature over the last 800,000 years. The importance of orbital variations, of the greenhouse gases CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O, of the albedo of land ice sheets, annual mean snow cover, sea ice area and vegetation, and of the radiative perturbation of mineral dust in the atmosphere are investigated. Altogether we can explain with these processes a global cooling of 3.90.8K in the equilibrium temperature for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) directly from the radiative budget using only the Planck feedback that parameterises the direct effect on the radiative balance, but neglecting other feedbacks such as water vapour, cloud cover, and lapse rate. The unaccounted feedbacks and related uncertainties would, if taken at present day feedback strengths, decrease the global temperature at the LGM by 8.01.6K. Increased Antarctic temperatures during the Marine Isotope Stages 5.5, 7.5, 9.3 and 11.3 are in our conceptual approach difficult to explain. If compared with other studies, such as PMIP2, this gives supporting evidence that the feedbacks themselves are not constant, but depend in their strength on the mean climate state. The best estimate and uncertainty for our reconstructed radiative forcing and LGM cooling support a present day equilibrium climate sensitivity (excluding the ice sheet and vegetation components) between 1.4 and 5.2K, with a most likely value near 2.4K, somewhat smaller than other methods but consistent with the consensus range of 24.5K derived from other lines of evidence. Climate sensitivities above 6K are difficult to reconcile with Last Glacial Maximum reconstructions.
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Programme |
458 |
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Publisher |
Elsevier |
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ISSN |
0277-3791 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2712 |
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Author |
Catherine Ritz, Eric Lefebvre, Dorthe Dahl Jensen, Sigfus Johnsen and Simon Sheldon |
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Title |
Temperature profile measurement in the EPICA Dome C borehole |
Type |
Conference - International - Poster |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Abstract |
The temperature field within ice sheets results from interactions between heat transfert, ice dynamics and boundary conditions such as geothermal heat flux and surface temperature. Therefore information concerning these factors can be inferred from the observed temperature profile in deep boreholes drilled in ice.
We present here a temperature profile measured in november 2008 in the EPICA Dome C borehole. The high-resolution of the measurements allows to estimate the temporal and spatial characteristics of temperature perturbation due to fluid convection.
The observed temperature profile indicates that the ice-bed interface is at the melting point . The vertical temperature gradient is not consistent with a 1D temperature field and this point must be clarified before using the temperature profile as a paleo thermometer.
Poster presented at the EPICA meeting – Roma, April 2010 |
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902 |
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yes |
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Serial |
626 |
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Title |
Phylogenetic footprints of an Antarctic radiation: The Trematominae (Notothenioidei, Teleostei)
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. |
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Volume |
65 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
87-101 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica, Notothenioidei, Trematominae, Trematomus, |
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Abstract |
The teleost suborder Notothenioidei is restricted to the Southern Ocean and has been described as a species flock spanning the whole of it. Within the suborder, the subfamily Trematominae is important for coastal Antarctic ecosystems. The eleven Trematomus species occupy a large range of ecological niches. The genus is monophyletic if the genus Pagothenia (two additional species) and Cryothenia amphitreta, also nested within it, are included. Although the Trematominae have received much interest, the relationships among these fourteen species are still unclear. |
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Programme |
1124 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1055-7903 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4022 |
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Author |
Flatberg I, Whinam Jennie, Lebouvier Marc, |
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Title |
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Bryology |
Abbreviated Journal |
0373-6687 |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
105-121 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
136 |
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0373-6687 |
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yes |
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3532 |
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