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Author |
Menvielle Michel, Kuhnke Falko, Musmann Gnter, Tsurutani Bruce, Kranois Karczewski Jean, |
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Title |
Contribution of surface magnetic recordings to planetary exploration
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Planetary and Space Science |
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44 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1289 -1302 |
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The transient variations of the magnetic field at the surface of a planet have a primary external source, the interaction between the environment of the planet and solar radiation, and a secondary source, the electric currents induced in the conductive planet. The continuous recording of the time variations of the magnetic fields at the surface of Mars by means of three-component magnetometers installed on board landers would therefore allow study of both the internal structure of Mars and the dynamic of its ionized environment. The depth of penetration of an electromagnetic wave in a conductive medium depends on both the period of the wave and the electrical resistivity of the medium. The larger the period and the resistivity, the greater the depth of penetration (skin effect). The high frequency spectrum will therefore enable one to estimate the resistivity in the uppermost kilomettes of the planet, and to give information about the presence (or absence) of liquid water under the permafrost. The low frequency spectrum of the transient variations will give information on the presence (or absence) of sharp variations in the resistivity in the uppermost hundreds of kilometres of Mars, and thus on the thermodynamic conditions within the upper mantle of this planet. Averages of the measurements made during “quiet time measurements” would provide a very good estimate of the field of internal origin at the locations of the surface stations. If in addition a total duration of one year or more for the mission can be expected, and a drift on the order of 1 nT per year for the ground-based magnetometer, it might even be possible to detect some dynamo-related secular variation. In addition to the map of the Martian magnetic field which will be produced by the Mars Surveyor 1 orbiter, these ground-based local main field measurements will provide original information on the present and past magnetic field of Mars, and then on its present and past core dynamics. As is the case for the Earth, different possible controlling plasma processes will lead to different convection patterns inside the magnetosphere and therefore different magnetic signatures at the planetary surface. Continuous recordings of the transient variations of the magnetic field on board landers will then provide constraints on the convection within the Martian magnetosphere, that is a small magnetosphere where the ionosphere lies at great heights relative to the dimensions of the magnetospheric cavity.
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0032-0633 |
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1606 |
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Author |
Boulinier T. |
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Title |
From comparative immunology to the conservation of albatrosses, the evolutionary ecology of maternal antibody persistence |
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Communication |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
invited seminar at the department of ecology and evolutionary biology, university of toronto, ontario, canada, june 2019 http://www.eeb.utoronto.ca/news-events/eebevents/f |
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The Transfer Of Antibodies From Mothers To Vertebrate Offspring Has Broad Potential Implications In Evolutionary Ecology, From The Adaptive Value Of Maternal Effects To The Role Of Transgenerational Plasticity In Host-parasite Interactions. Following Our Early Finding That Maternal Antibody Can Persist For A Long Time (Several Weeks) After Hatching In Nestlings Of A Long-lived Seabird, The Cory’s Shearwater, We Have Been Exploring (I) How This Neglected Life History Traits Varies Among Species With Contrasted Nestling Rearing Periods And (Ii) Whether The Long Persistence Of Maternal Antibodies Could Be Used To Protect Nestlings Of Long-lived Threatened Species Exposed To Deadly Infectious Agents. We Have Been Investigating This In The Case Of Albatrosses Recurrently Hit By Epizootics Of Avian Cholera On Amsterdam Island (Southern Indian Ocean). The Results Have Implications For Conservation, But Also Highlight How Research In Ecological Immunology Need To Combine Functional And Evolutionary Approaches While Also Keeping In Mind Ecological And Epidemiological Settings. |
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yes |
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7551 |
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Author |
Boulinier, T. |
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Title |
From the ecology of maternal antibody persistence to the conservation of albatrosses exposed to avian cholera |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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2019 |
Publication |
Seminar at the patuxent wildlife research center, USGS, Laurel Maryland, USA, June 2019 |
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333 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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7260 |
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Author |
Alexandra Lavrillier, Semen Gabyshev, Maxence Rojo |
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Title |
The Sable for Evenk Reindeer Herders in Southeastern Siberia: Interplaying Drivers of Changes on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Climate Change, Worldwide Market Econonomy and Extractive Industries |
Type |
Book |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Unesco |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
Knowledges of Nature |
Pages |
111-128 |
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Abstract |
The transdisciplinary publication introduces the Evenki and their perception of global climate and environmental changes. Then it presents a case study of one of the most important ecosystem services for the Evenki nomads (sable hunting) and how it is threatened by combined drivers of change. It studies in detail changes in the snow and vegetal covers related to sable, analyses the dependency of the nomads on this economic activity, and reflects on how national and international drivers of change influence this trade and, consequently, the well-being of the Evenki. Finally, it concludes by discussing the interplaying drivers of change |
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1127 |
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9789231002106 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6974 |
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Title |
The Traill island model for lemming dynamics, how it compares to Fennoscandian vole dynamics models, and a proposed simplification |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Arxiv |
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2205.09441 |
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Quantitative Biology – Populations and Evolution |
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Abstract |
The Traill island model of Gilg et al. (2003) is a landmark attempt at mechanistic modelling of the cyclic population dynamics of rodents, focusing on a high Arctic community. It models the dynamics of one prey, the collared lemming, and four predators : the stoat, the Arctic fox, the long-tailed skua and the snowy owl. In the present short note, we first summarize how the model works in light of theory on seasonally forced predator-prey systems, with a focus on the temporal dynamics of predation rates. We show notably how the impact of generalist predation, which is able here to initiate population declines, differs slightly from that of generalist predation in other mechanistic models of rodent-mustelid interactions such as Turchin & Hanski (1997). We then provide a low-dimensional approximation with a single generalist predator compartment that mimics the essential features of the Traill island model: cycle periodicity, amplitude, shape, as well as generalist-induced declines. This simpler model should be broadly applicable to model other lemming populations that predominantly grow under the snow during the winter period. Matlab computer codes for Gilg et al. (2003), its two-dimensional approximation, as well as alternative lemming population dynamics models are provided. |
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1036 |
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yes |
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8596 |
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Author |
Authier M, Cam E, Guinet C, |
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Title |
Selection for increased body length in Subantarctic fur seals on Amsterdam Island
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Evolutionary Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Evol. Biol. |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
607-616 |
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Keywords |
Bayesian, pinnipeds, quantitative genetics, selection, |
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Abstract |
The traditional distinction between ecological and evolutionary times is eroding, calling for tighter links between ecology and evolution. An example of such a brigde between the two disciplines is the so-called animal model, a methodology initially developed by animal breeders, which has become very popular among ecologists studying contemporary microevolution. Using a Bayesian multi-trait animal model, we investigated the quantitative genetics of body size, a fitness-related trait, in Subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis) breeding on Amsterdam Island, Southern Ocean. Our approach jointly modelled the growth and selection processes at work in this population. Body length is heritable for both sexes, and females are under selection for increased body length in this population. We strongly suspect the peculiar ecological context of impoverished, suitable prey availability exacerbated by density-dependence phenomena to be an important selective agent on females breeding on Amsterdam Island.
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109 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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ISSN |
1420-9101 |
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yes |
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3252 |
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Author |
Petra Quillfeldt, Henri Weimerskirch, Karine Delord, Yves Cherel |
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Title |
Niche switching and leapfrog foraging: movement ecology of sympatric petrels during the early breeding season |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Movement Ecology |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
23 |
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Keywords |
Breeding schedule Central-place forager Foraging ecology Tracking |
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Abstract |
The timing of events in the early part of the breeding season is crucially important for successful reproduction. Long-lived animals that migrate large distances independently of each other meet at the breeding sites to re-establish their pair bonds and coordinate their breeding duties with their partners. |
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109 |
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2051-3933 |
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yes |
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8080 |
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Title |
Climate change and phenological responses of two seabird species breeding in the high-Arctic
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
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Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. |
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393 |
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235 -246 |
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climate change, match mismatch, permitted without written consent, phenology, publisher, resale republication not, sea ice, seabirds, svalbard, temperature, timing breeding, |
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Abstract |
The timing of breeding is a life-history trait that can greatly affect fitness, because successful reproduction depends on the match between the food requirements for raising young and the seasonal peak in food availability. We an analysed phenology (hatch dates) in relation to climate change for 2 seabird species breeding in the high-Arctic, little auks Alle alle and black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla, for the periods 1963-2008 and 1970-2008, respectively. We show that spring climate has changed during the study period, with a strong increase in both air temperature (TEMP) and sea surface temperature (SST) and a decrease in sea ice concentration. Little auks showed a trend for earlier breeding over the study period, while kittimakes showed a non-significant trend for later breeding, demonstrating different phenological responses in these 2 species. Little auks and kittiwakes adjusted their timing of breeding to different environmental signals. Spring TEMP was the best predictor of little auk phenology, with a significant negative effect. Spring SST was the strongest predictor of kittiwake phenology, with a non-significant negative effect. Spring sea ice concentration and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) winter index had a low relative variable importance. Furthermore, in kittiwakes, years with late breeding were associated with low clutch size and mean annual breeding success, indicating poor investment and food availability. This study identifies some spring environmental factors important for regulating the timing of breeding in the high-Arctic, most likely through effects on snow cover limiting access to nest sites and the development of the polar marine food web. It remains to be investigated whether environmental factors are reliable predictors of marine prey phenology, and whether the decision to start breeding is constrained by food availability.
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330 |
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INTER-RESEARCH |
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ISSN |
0171-8630 |
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yes |
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1770 |
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Author |
Philippe Ricaud, Paolo Grigioni, Romain Roehrig, Pierre Durand, Dana E. Veron |
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Title |
Trends in Atmospheric Humidity and Temperature above Dome C, Antarctica Evaluated from Observations and Reanalyses |
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2020 |
Publication |
Atmosphere |
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11 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
836 |
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Keywords |
meteorological reanalyses microwave radiometer precipitable water radiosondes SAM index temperature trends |
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910 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2073-4433 |
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yes |
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7838 |
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Gaia Piccioni, Denise Dettmering, Wolfgang Bosch, Florian Seitz |
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Title |
TICON: TIdal CONstants based on GESLA sea-level records from globally located tide gauges |
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Journal |
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2019 |
Publication |
Geoscience Data Journal |
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6 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
97-104 |
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Keywords |
GESLA tide gauge tides |
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Abstract |
The TICON (TIdal CONstants) dataset contains harmonic constants of 40 tidal constituents computed for 1,145 tide gauges distributed globally. The tidal estimations are based on publicly available sea level records of the second version of the Global Extreme Sea Level Analysis (GESLA) project and were derived through a least squares-based harmonic analysis on the single time series. A preliminary screening was performed on all records to exclude doubtful observations. Only the records containing more than 70% of valid measurements were processed, that correspond to 89.7% of the total 1,276 original public GESLA records. The results are stored in a text file, and include additional information on the position of the stations, the starting and ending years of the analysed record, the estimated error of the fit, a code that corresponds to the source of the record and additional information on the single time series. In ocean tide models, data from in situ stations are used for validation purposes, and TICON is a useful and easy-to-handle data set that allows the users to select the records according to different criteria most suitable for their purposes. The data are provided with DOI identification in the PANGAEA repository. |
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2049-6060 |
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yes |
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8616 |
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