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Title |
Wandering albatrosses document latitudinal variations in the transfer of persistent organic pollutants and mercury to Southern Ocean predators.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Environmental science & technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ. Sci. Technol. |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
14746-55 |
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Keywords |
Animals, Arsenic, Arsenic: blood, Birds, Birds: blood, Birds: physiology, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Food Chain, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers: blood, Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated, Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated: blood, Male, Metals, Heavy, Metals, Heavy: blood, Oceans and Seas, Reproduction, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Water Pollutants, Chemical: blood, |
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Abstract  |
Top marine predators are effective tools to monitor bioaccumulative contaminants in remote oceanic environments. Here, we used the wide-ranging wandering albatross Diomedea exulans to investigate potential geographical variations of contaminant transfer to predators in the Southern Ocean. Blood concentrations of 19 persistent organic pollutants and 14 trace elements were measured in a large number of individuals (N = 180) of known age, sex and breeding status from the subantarctic Crozet Islands. Wandering albatrosses were exposed to a wide range of contaminants, with notably high blood mercury concentrations. Contaminant burden was markedly influenced by latitudinal foraging habitats (inferred from blood δ(13)C values), with individuals feeding in warmer subtropical waters having lower concentrations of pesticides, but higher concentrations of mercury, than those feeding in colder subantarctic waters. Sexual differences in contaminant burden seemed to be driven by gender specialization in feeding habitats, rather than physiological characteristics, with females foraging further north than males. Other individual traits, such as adult age and reproductive status, had little effect on blood contaminant concentrations. Our study provides further evidence of the critical role of global distillation on organic contaminant exposure to Southern Ocean avian predators. In addition, we document an unexpected high transfer of mercury to predators in subtropical waters, which merits further investigation. |
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American Chemical Society |
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0013-936X |
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yes |
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5928 |
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Gilbert C. & Ancel A. |
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Title |
Overwintering in Antartica: not so cold for an Emperor. |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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2003 |
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Tokyo, 17-23 mars 2003 |
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137 |
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yes |
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3213 |
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Precise Transit and Radial-velocity Characterization of a Resonant Pair: The Warm Jupiter TOI-216c and Eccentric Warm Neptune TOI-216b |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The Astronomical Journal |
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161 |
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4 |
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161 |
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1066 |
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1538-3881 |
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yes |
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8194 |
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Title |
Status and trends of albatrosses in the French Southern Territories, Western Indian Ocean |
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Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
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41 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1963-1972 |
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Amsterdam Crozet Fisheries Kerguelen Monitoring |
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109 |
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1432-2056 |
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1432-2056 |
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yes |
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7194 |
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Author |
Hughes Kevin A, Lee Jennifer E, Tsujimoto Megumu, Imura Satoshi, Bergstrom Dana M, Ware Chris, Lebouvier Marc, Huiskes Ad HL, Gremmen Niek JM, Frenot Yves, Bridge Paul D, Chown Steven L, |
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Title |
Food for thought: Risks of non-native species transfer to the Antarctic region with fresh produce
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
144 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1682-1689 |
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Keywords |
Alien, Non-indigenous, Biosecurity, Propagules, Food, Polar, Antarctica, Sub-Antarctic, |
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Abstract |
To understand fully the risk of biological invasions, it is necessary to quantify propagule pressure along all introduction pathways. In the Antarctic region, importation of fresh produce is a potentially high risk, but as yet unquantified pathway. To address this knowledge gap, >11,250 fruit and vegetables sent to nine research stations in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands, were examined for associated soil, invertebrates and microbial decomposition. Fifty-one food types were sourced from c. 130 locations dispersed across all six of the Earths inhabited continents. On average, 12% of food items had soil on their surface, 28% showed microbial infection resulting in rot and more than 56 invertebrates were recorded, mainly from leafy produce. Approximately 30% of identified fungi sampled from infected foods were not recorded previously from within the Antarctic region, although this may reflect limited knowledge of Antarctic fungal diversity. The number of non-native flying invertebrates caught within the Rothera Research Station food storage area was linked closely with the level of fresh food resupply by ship and aircraft. We conclude by presenting practical biosecurity measures to reduce the risk of non-native species introductions to Antarctica associated with fresh foods. |
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Programme |
136 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0006-3207 |
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yes |
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3558 |
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Title |
Variola Virus in a 300-Year-Old Siberian Mummy
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE |
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Volume |
367 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
2057-2059 |
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Abstract |
To the Editor: Smallpox, which is caused by the variola virus of the Poxviridae family and the orthopoxvirus genus, is among the most devastating human diseases. It may have originated and spread from Egypt, the Near East, or the Indus Valley 3000 to 4000 years ago, and historical reports indicate epidemics in China as early as the first century A.D. and in Europe during the 6th century. By the mid-18th century, smallpox was a worldwide endemic disease. It was eradicated after vaccination campaigns began more than 200 years ago.1 Variola DNA is about 186 kbp, with genes distributed across conserved . . . |
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1038 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0028-4793 |
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yes |
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4265 |
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Title |
The attenuation of fast atmospheric CH4 variations recorded in polar ice cores. |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
Publication |
Geophysical research letters |
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30 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
25-1 |
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Abstract |
To reconstruct fast atmospheric trace gas variations from polar ice cores it has to be considered that their amplitudes are attenuated during the enclosure process in the ice. Relevant processes for the attenuation are the molecular diffusion in the open pores of the firn column and the gradual bubble close off in the depth of the transition from firn to ice. These processes depend mainly on temperature and accumulation rate and lead e.g. to a strong attenuation for cold sites with low accumulation rates. With a diffusion and enclosure model it is possible to calculate the attenuation for a single event and to compare ice core records from different sites. We investigate the atmospheric methane (CH4) variation during the cold event 8200 years ago and calculate that its amplitude as recorded in the EPICA Dome C ice core is attenuated to a magnitude between 34% and 59%. |
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960 |
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0094-8276 |
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yes |
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2231 |
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Title |
Theoretical and Experimental Analysis for Cleaning Ice Cores from EstisolTM 140 Drill Liquid |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Applied Sciences |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
3830 |
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Keywords |
Beyond EPICA drilling Estisol ice cores |
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1202 |
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yes |
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8247 |
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Title |
Juvenile emperor penguin range calls for extended conservation measures in the Southern Ocean |
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2022 |
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Royal Society Open Science |
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9 |
Issue |
8 |
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211708 |
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Keywords |
conservation biology early life MPA network polar regions seabirds |
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Abstract |
To protect the unique and rich biodiversity of the Southern Ocean, conservation measures such as marine protected areas (MPAs) have been implemented. Currently, the establishment of several additional protection zones is being considered based on the known habitat distributions of key species of the ecosystems including emperor penguins and other marine top predators. However, the distribution of such species at sea is often insufficiently sampled. Specifically, current distribution models focus on the habitat range of adult animals and neglect that immatures and juveniles can inhabit different areas. By tracking eight juvenile emperor penguins in the Weddell Sea over 1 year and performing a meta-analysis including previously known data from other colonies, we show that conservation efforts in the Southern Ocean are insufficient for protecting this highly mobile species, and particularly its juveniles. We find that juveniles spend approximately 90% of their time outside the boundaries of proposed and existing MPAs, and that their distribution extends beyond (greater than 1500 km) the species' extent of occurrence as defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Our data exemplify that strategic conservation plans for the emperor penguin and other long-lived ecologically important species should consider the dynamic habitat range of all age classes. |
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8703 |
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Author |
Kyriakos Balidakis, Roman Sulzbach, Linus Shihora, Christoph Dahle, Robert Dill, Henryk Dobslaw |
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Title |
Atmospheric Contributions to Global Ocean Tides for Satellite Gravimetry |
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2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
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14 |
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11 |
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e2022MS003193 |
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atmospheric forcing atmospheric tides de-aliasing ERA5 GRACE-FO ocean tides |
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688 |
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1942-2466 |
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8563 |
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