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Author |
Priestley, K.; Debayle, E.; McKenzie, D.; Pilidou, S. |
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Title |
Upper mantle structure of eastern Asia from multimode surface waveform tomography |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
111 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Asian upper mantle; multimode surface waveform; craton; 7208 Seismology: Mantle; 7218 Seismology: Lithosphere; 7255 Seismology: Surface waves and free oscillations; 7270 Seismology: Tomography |
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Abstract  |
We present a new three-dimensional Sv wave speed and azimuthal anisotropy model for the upper mantle of eastern Asia constrained by the analysis of more than 17,000 vertical component multimode Rayleigh wave seismograms. This data set allows us to build an upper mantle model for Asia with a horizontal resolution of a few hundred kilometers extending to ?400 km depth. At 75–100 km depth, there is approximately ±9% wave speed perturbation from the “smoothed PREM” reference model used in our analysis, and the pattern of azimuthal anisotropy is complex. Both the amplitude of the Sv wave speed heterogeneity and the complexity and amplitude of the azimuthal anisotropy decrease with depth. Above ?200 km depth the upper mantle structure of the model correlates with surface geology and tectonics; below ?200 km depth the structures primarily reflect the advection of material in the upper mantle. Since shear wave speed is principally controlled by temperature rather than by composition, Vs(z) can be used to calculate the temperature T(z), and hence map the lithospheric thickness. We use the relationship of Priestley and McKenzie to produce a contour map of the lithospheric thickness of eastern Asia from the surface wave tomography. This shows an extensive region of thick lithosphere beneath the Siberian Platform and the West Siberian Basin that extends to the European Platform, forming the stable Eurasian craton or core. The eastern portion of the Eurasian craton has controlled the geometry of continental deformation and the distribution of kimberlites in eastern Asia. |
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133 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5538 |
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Author |
Houser C, Masters G, Shearer P, Laske G, |
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Title |
Shear and compressional velocity models of the mantle from cluster analysis of long-period waveforms
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
174 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
195-212 |
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Keywords |
Mantle processes, Body waves, Seismic tomography, |
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Abstract |
We present a new technique for the efficient measurement of the traveltimes of long period body wave phases. The technique is based on the fact that all arrivals of a particular seismic phase are remarkably similar in shape for a single event. This allows the application of cross-correlation techniques that are usually used in a regional context to measure precise global differential times. The analysis is enhanced by the inclusion of a clustering algorithm that automatically clusters waveforms by their degree of similarity. This allows the algorithm to discriminate against unusual or distorted waveforms and makes for an extremely efficient measurement technique. This technique can be applied to any seismic phase that is observed over a reasonably large distance range. Here, we present the results of applying the algorithm to the long-period channels of all data archived at the IRIS DMC from 1976 to 2005 for the seismic phases S and P (from 23° to 100°) and SS and PP (from 50° to 170°). The resulting large data sets are inverted along with existing surface wave and updated differential traveltime measurements for new mantle models of S and P velocity. The resolution of the new model is enhanced, particularly, in the mid-mantle where SS and PP turn. We find that slow anomalies in the central Pacific and Africa extend from the coremantle boundary to the upper mantle, but their direct connection to surface hotspots is beyond our resolution. Furthermore, we find that fast anomalies that are likely associated with subducting slabs disappear between 1700 and 2500 km, and thus are not continuous features from the upper to lower mantle despite our extensive coverage and high resolution of the mid-mantle.
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133 |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1365-246X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2812 |
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Author |
Verhoeven, O.; Rivoldini, A.; Vacher, P.; Mocquet, A.; Choblet, G.; Menvielle, M.; Dehant, V.; Van Hoolst, T.; Sleewaegen, J.; Barriot, J.-P.; Lognonné, P. |
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Title |
Interior structure of terrestrial planets: Modeling Mars' mantle and its electromagnetic, geodetic, and seismic properties |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
110 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
internal structure; Mars; network science; 5430 Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets: Interiors; 6225 Planetary Sciences: Solar System Objects: Mars; 3672 Mineralogy and Petrology: Planetary mineralogy and petrology |
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Abstract |
We present a new procedure to describe the one-dimensional thermodynamical state and mineralogy of any Earth-like planetary mantle, with Mars as an example. The model parameters are directly related to expected results from a geophysical network mission, in this case electromagnetic, geodetic, and seismological processed observations supplemented with laboratory measurements. We describe the internal structure of the planet in terms of a one-dimensional model depending on a set of eight parameters: for the crust, the thickness and the mean density, for the mantle, the bulk volume fraction of iron, the olivine volume fraction, the pressure gradient, and the temperature profile, and for the core, its mass and radius. Currently, available geophysical and geochemical knowledge constrains the range of the parameter values. In the present paper, we develop the forward problem and present the governing equations from which synthetic data are computed using a set of parameter values. Among all Martian models fitting the currently available knowledge, we select eight candidate models for which we compute synthetic network science data sets. The synergy between the three geophysical experiments of electromagnetic sounding, geodesy, and seismology is emphasized. The stochastic inversion of the synthetic data sets will be presented in a companion paper. |
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Programme |
905;907 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5567 |
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Author |
Tauzin Benoit, Debayle Eric, Wittlinger Grard, |
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Title |
The mantle transition zone as seen by global Pds phases: No clear evidence for a thin transition zone beneath hotspots
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
113 |
Issue |
B8 |
Pages |
B08309- |
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Keywords |
P-to-S conversions, mantle transition zone, subduction hotspot plume, 7208 Seismology: Mantle, 7203 Seismology: Body waves, 7240 Seismology: Subduction zones, 8137 Tectonophysics: Hotspots, large igneous provinces, and flood basalt volcanism, 8147 Tectonophysics: Planetary interiors, |
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Abstract |
We present a new global study of the transition zone from Pds converted waves at the 410- and 660-km discontinuities. Our observations extend previous global Pds studies with a larger data set, especially in oceanic regions where we have been able to measure Pds travel times, sampling the mantle transition zone (MTZ) beneath 26 hotspot locations. We find significant lateral variations of the MTZ thickness. Both the maximum variations (35–40 km) and the long-wavelength pattern are in overall agreement with previous SS precursors studies. The MTZ is generally thick beneath subduction zones, where the observed MTZ variations are consistent with thermal anomalies ranging between -100K and -300K. In Central and North America, we observe an NW–SE pattern of thick MTZ, which can be associated with the fossil Farallon subduction. We do not find clear evidence for a thin MTZ beneath hotspots. However, the 410-km discontinuity remains generally deepened after correcting our Pds travel times for the 3D heterogeneities located above the MTZ, and its topography variations can be explained by thermal anomalies between +100K and +300K. The depth of the 660-km discontinuity may be less temperature sensitive in hot regions of the mantle, which is consistent with the effect of a phase transition from majorite garnet to perovskite at a depth of 660 km.
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133 |
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AGU |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2815 |
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Author |
Jenouvrier Stéphanie, Caswell Hal, Barbraud Christophe, Weimerskirch Henri, |
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Title |
Mating behavior, population growth, and the operational sex ratio: a periodic two-sex model approach.
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
The American naturalist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. Nat. |
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Volume |
175 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
739 -52 |
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Keywords |
Animals, Female, Male, Models, Biological, Population Growth, Sex Ratio, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Spheniscidae, |
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Abstract |
We present a new approach to modeling two-sex populations, using periodic, nonlinear two-sex matrix models. The models project the population growth rate, the population structure, and any ratio of interest (e.g., operational sex ratio). The periodic formulation permits inclusion of highly seasonal behavioral events. A periodic product of the seasonal matrices describes annual population dynamics. The model is nonlinear because mating probability depends on the structure of the population. To study how the vital rates influence population growth rate, population structure, and operational sex ratio, we used sensitivity analysis of frequency-dependent nonlinear models. In nonlinear two-sex models the vital rates affect growth rate directly and also indirectly through effects on the population structure. The indirect effects can sometimes overwhelm the direct effects and are revealed only by nonlinear analysis. We find that the sensitivity of the population growth rate to female survival is negative for the emperor penguin, a species with highly seasonal breeding behavior. This result could not occur in linear models because changes in population structure have no effect on per capita reproduction. Our approach is applicable to ecological and evolutionary studies of any species in which males and females interact in a seasonal environment.
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109 |
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0003-0147 |
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yes |
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Serial |
393 |
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Author |
Reymond D, Crusem R, Barriot J P, |
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Title |
Empirical approaches for fast robust inversion of seismic moment tensor from surface waves
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
L07307- |
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Keywords |
moment tensor, robust inversion, IRLS, 3260 Inverse theory, 7255 Surface waves and free oscillations, 7215 Earthquake source observations, |
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Abstract |
We present a method of robust inversion (also called IRLS: Iterative Reweighted Least Squares) which is surprisingly insensitive to outlier data points, as it discards automatically the aberrant points, without the necessity for careful human inspection and control of data quality. Different criteria based on residuals and signal-to-noise ratio are injected into the covariance matrix (acting like a weighting function), to perform the robust inversion using the iterative generalized discrete inverse method of Tarantola-Valette. From a practical point of view, this algorithm is used as the Preliminary Determination of Focal Mechanism (PDFM) method, which is a project for rapid estimation of source parameters of strong earthquakes in the context of tsunami warning. The input data to be inverted are spectra of long period surface waves, and as an output, the computed result is the seismic moment tensor, from which focal geometry of an earthquake, and principal stress axes are obtained. This method can be applied to any other method of non-linear (iterative) inversions confronted to the problem of outlier points polluting the data sets.
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133 |
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ISSN |
1944-8007 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
403 |
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Author |
Zaroli Christophe, Debayle Eric, Sambridge Malcolm, |
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Title |
Frequency-dependent effects on global S-wave traveltimes: wavefront-healing, scattering and attenuation
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
182 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
1025 -1042 |
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Abstract |
We present a globally distributed data set of 400 000 frequency-dependent SH-wave traveltimes. An automated technique is used to measure teleseismic S, ScS and SS traveltimes at several periods ranging from 10 to 51 s. The targeted seismic phases are first extracted from the observed and synthetic seismograms using an automated time window algorithm. Traveltimes are then measured at several periods, by cross-correlation between the selected observed and synthetic filtered waveforms. Frequency-dependent effects due to crustal reverberations beneath each receiver are handled by incorporating crustal phases into WKBJ synthetic waveforms.After correction for physical dispersion due to intrinsic anelastic processes, we observe a residual traveltime dispersion on the order of 12 s in the period range of analysis. This dispersion occurs differently for S, ScS and SS, which is presumably related to their differing paths through the Earth. We find that: (1) Wavefront-healing phenomenon is observed for S and to a lesser extent SS waves having passed through very low velocity anomalies. (2) A preferred sampling of high velocity scatterers located at the CMB may explain our observation that ScS waves travel faster at low-frequency than at high-frequency. (3) A frequency-dependent attenuation q() q0×, with 0.2, is compatible with the globally averaged dispersion observed for S waves.
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133 |
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ISSN |
0956-540X |
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yes |
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Serial |
455 |
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Author |
Haydar Karaoğlu, Barbara Romanowicz |
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Title |
Inferring global upper-mantle shear attenuation structure by waveform tomography using the spectral element method |
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Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
213 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1536-1558 |
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Abstract |
We present a global upper-mantle shear wave attenuation model that is built through a hybrid full-waveform inversion algorithm applied to long-period waveforms, using the spectral element method for wavefield computations. Our inversion strategy is based on an iterative approach that involves the inversion for successive updates in the attenuation parameter ($\delta Q^{-1}\mu$) and elastic parameters (isotropic velocity VS, and radial anisotropy parameter ξ) through a Gauss–Newton-type optimization scheme that employs envelope- and waveform-type misfit functionals for the two steps, respectively. We also include source and receiver terms in the inversion steps for attenuation structure. We conducted a total of eight iterations (six for attenuation and two for elastic structure), and one inversion for updates to source parameters. The starting model included the elastic part of the relatively high-resolution 3-D whole mantle seismic velocity model, SEMUCB-WM1, which served to account for elastic focusing effects. The data set is a subset of the three-component surface waveform data set, filtered between 400 and 60 s, that contributed to the construction of the whole-mantle tomographic model SEMUCB-WM1. We applied strict selection criteria to this data set for the attenuation iteration steps, and investigated the effect of attenuation crustal structure on the retrieved mantle attenuation structure. While a constant 1-D Qμ model with a constant value of 165 throughout the upper mantle was used as starting model for attenuation inversion, we were able to recover, in depth extent and strength, the high-attenuation zone present in the depth range 80–200 km. The final 3-D model, SEMUCB-UMQ, shows strong correlation with tectonic features down to 200–250 km depth, with low attenuation beneath the cratons, stable parts of continents and regions of old oceanic crust, and high attenuation along mid-ocean ridges and backarcs. Below 250 km, we observe strong attenuation in the southwestern Pacific and eastern Africa, while low attenuation zones fade beneath most of the cratons. The strong negative correlation of $Q^{-1}\mu$ and VS anomalies at shallow upper-mantle depths points to a common dominant origin for the two, likely due to variations in thermal structure. A comparison with two other global upper-mantle attenuation models shows promising consistency. As we updated the elastic 3-D model in alternate iterations, we found that the VS part of the model was stable, while the ξ structure evolution was more pronounced, indicating that it may be important to include 3-D attenuation effects when inverting for ξ, possibly due to the influence of dispersion corrections on this less well-constrained parameter. |
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133 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0956-540X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7325 |
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Author |
Chadid, Merieme and Preston George |
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Title |
Atmospheric dynamics in RR Lyrae stars: a high-resolution spectroscopic survey |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
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Volume |
434 |
Issue |
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Pages |
552-573 |
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Abstract |
We present a first detailed atmospheric dynamics study of 11 RRab stars: six Blazhko stars – RR Lyr, AS Vir, BS Aps, CD Vel, UV Oct and V1645 Sgr, and five non-Blazhko stars – DT Hya, WY Ant, XZ Aps, Z Mic and RV Oct. 32 hundred high-resolution spectra of these RRab stars were collected, during their pulsation periods and the Blazhko cycles, with the du Pont 2.5-m telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory and the 1.5-m telescope at the Haute Provence Observatory. We derived the dynamical parameters: dynamical accelerations, radius variations, rise time, shock amplitudes, full width at half-maximum (FWHM) and their variation during the Blazhko modulation. We find that, rise time excepted, these dynamical parameters are anticorrelated with change in instantaneous pulsation period during the Blazhko cycle. We detected a new bulge phenomenon in the radial velocity curve of Blazhko and non-Blazhko stars of our sample and we discuss newly detected redshifted Hα emission and its evolution during declining light. A new bump in the light curve is also detected: the lump. We associate the bulge phenomenon, lump and the redshifted emission with a new post-maximum shock wave ShPM. The bulge phenomenon and lump vary from star to star and with phase during Blazhko cycles of individual stars. We suspect but cannot prove irregularity from cycle to cycle in the radial velocity and FWHM curves of non-Blazhko stars. Finally, we discuss the origin of the Blazhko effect, giving a new empirical side for further theoretical models. |
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1096 |
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0035-8711 |
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yes |
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6255 |
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Author |
Falk Huettmann, Yuri Artukhin, Olivier Gilg, Grant Humphries |
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Title |
Predictions of 27 Arctic pelagic seabird distributions using public environmental variables, assessed with colony data: a first digital IPY and GBIF open access synthesis platform |
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Journal |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Marine Biodiversity |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
141-179 |
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Abstract |
We present a first compilation, quantification and summary of 27 seabird species presence data for north of the Arctic circle (>66 degrees latitude North) and the ice-free period (summer). For species names, we use several taxonomically valid online databases [Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), AviBase, 4 letter species codes of the American Ornithological Union (AOU), The British List 2000, taxonomic serial numbers TSNs, World Register of Marine Species (WORMS) and APHIA ID] allowing for a compatible taxonomic species cross-walk, and subsequent applications, e.g., phylogenies. Based on the data mining and machine learning RandomForest algorithm, and 26 environmental publicly available Geographic Information Systems (GIS) layers, we built 27 predictive seabird models based on public open access data archives such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database (NPPSD) and PIROP database (in OBIS-Seamap). Model-prediction scenarios using pseudo-absence and expert-derived absence were run; aspatial and spatial model assessment metrics were applied. Further, we used an additional species model performance metric based on the best publicly available Arctic seabird colony location datasets compiled by the authors using digital and literature sources. The obtained models perform reasonably: from poor (only a few coastal species with low samples) to very high (many pelagic species). In compliance with data policies of the International Polar Year (IPY) and similar initiatives, data and models are documented with FGDC NBII metadata and publicly available online for further improvement, sustainability applications, synergy, and intellectual explorations in times of a global biodiversity, ocean and Arctic crisis. |
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1036 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1867-1616, 1867-1624 |
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yes |
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6987 |
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