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Author |
David Byrne, Jeff Polton, Colin Bell |
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Title |
Creation of a global tide analysis dataset: Application of NEMO and an offline objective analysis scheme |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Operational Oceanography |
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1-14 |
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Abstract  |
The accurate prediction of tides is vital for the operation of many industries, early warning of coastal flooding and scientific understanding of ocean processes. In this paper, we describe the creation method of a global dataset of tidal harmonics using NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) for the first time and an offline objective analysis scheme. Data are assimilated as part of a post-processing step, reducing the computational resources required. A reduced ensemble of tidal harmonics is generated, where each member is run for a shorter period of time than a central background state. This ensemble is used to estimate a single background covariance state, which is used for analysis. Output is validated using an ensemble of objective analyses. For each ensemble member, random selections of observations are omitted and validation is performed at these locations. Improvements in both Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and correlation coefficients (R2) are seen across all 6 of the largest diurnal and semi-diurnal constituents. MAEs in amplitude and phase are reduced by up to 78% and 89%, respectively, and correlations by as much as 0.14. In addition, the majority of locations (between 70 and 80%) see significant improvement. |
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688 |
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1755-876X |
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1755-876X |
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yes |
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8338 |
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Author |
G. Hubert, S. Aubry |
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Title |
Study of the Impact of Past Extreme Solar Events on the Modern Air Traffic |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Space Weather |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e2020SW002665 |
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Abstract |
The ancient solar energetic particle (SEP) events of 774/775 CE and 993/994 CE were characterized thanks to radionuclide productions stored in environmental archives as ice cores or tree rings. Primary cosmic ray spectra deduced from these cosmogenic isotope data indicate that the impact of these extreme SEP events would have been much more significant than any of the ones observed during the modern era. However, the impact of these should be studied more accurately in the framework of the ambient dose equivalent impacting aircrew and passengers in the air traffic context by considering physical parameters such as time profile or anisotropy properties. In this study, the impact that 774/775 CE and 993/994 CE past extreme SEP events could have had on modern air traffic is discussed. Possible event spectra for these ancient events are derived from the spectra ground-level enhancement (GLE) 5 and GLE 69, which have been observed during the modern era and have been widely studied/characterized using measurements. The investigations include the impact of the SEP activity on ambient dose equivalent, including detailed analyses considering route, airplane characteristics (departure, arrival, continent, airplane type), and the time occurrence of the SEP event. Statistical analyses show that additional dose levels can reach values on the order of 70 mSv, which is absolutely significant considering the current air traffic recommendations. The orders of magnitude of the ambient dose equivalent induced during past extreme SEP events raises a number of issues, both for aircrews and for avionics hardware. This study demonstrates that simulations can be useful for the evaluation of risks in case of extreme SEP events. |
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1112 |
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1542-7390 |
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yes |
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7934 |
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Title |
The micrometeorite flux at Dome C (Antarctica), monitoring the accretion of extraterrestrial dust on Earth |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Earth and Planetary Science Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
560 |
Issue |
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Pages |
116794 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic micrometeorites atmospheric entry cosmic spherules extraterrestrial flux interplanetary dust particles zodiacal cloud |
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1120 |
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0012-821X |
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yes |
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Serial |
8244 |
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Title |
Antarctic Atmospheric River Climatology and Precipitation Impacts |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e2020JD033788 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica atmospheric rivers climatology meteorology |
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Programme |
411 |
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ISSN |
2169-8996 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8327 |
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Author |
G. Hubert, S. Aubry |
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Title |
Simulation of atmospheric cosmic-rays and their impacts based on pre-calculated databases, physical models and computational methods |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Computational Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
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Pages |
101307 |
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Keywords |
Ambient dose equivalent Atmospheric cosmic-rays Cosmogenic nuclide production Multi-physics Single event effect |
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Abstract |
The atmospheric cosmic-ray environment is composed of secondary particles produced when primary cosmic rays interact with the nucleus of atmospheric atoms. Modeling of atmospheric radiations is essential for investigating their impacts on human activities such as radiation risks in aviation or scientific fields such as cosmogenic dating. The nuclear transport codes are a common and accurate way to model the cosmic ray interaction in the atmosphere with minimal approximations. However, tracking all produced secondary particles in each event in the whole depth of the atmosphere and sampling many events to obtain the statistically meaningful results would be a computational challenge and disadvantageous from the point of view of time consumption. This paper presents a computational platform names ATMOS CORE based on pre-calculated databases coupled to physical models and computational methods. The fields of application concern the atmospheric cosmic-rays characterization as well as their effects on electronics systems, on the ambient dose for aircrews or the cosmogenic nuclide production for dating activities. Some comparisons between simulations and measurements are also presented and discussed. |
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1112 |
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ISSN |
1877-7503 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7957 |
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Title |
Scouring by rafted ice and cryogenic patterned ground preserved in a Palaeoproterozoic equatorial proglacial lagoon succession, eastern India, Nuna supercontinent |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine and Petroleum Geology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
123 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104766 |
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Keywords |
Ice-rafted debris Iceberg scouring India Palaeoproterozoic Permafrost Proglacial Reticulate ice |
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316 |
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ISSN |
0264-8172 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6471 |
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Author |
Guillaume Hubert |
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Title |
Continuously Measurements of Energy Spectra of Cosmic-Ray-induced-neutrons on the Concordia Antarctic Station for the period 2015-2021 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
395 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1263 |
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Abstract |
The CHINSTRAP (Continuous High-altitude Investigation of the Neutron Spectra for Terrestrial Radiation Antarctic Project) supported by the French Polar Agency (IPEV) aims at recording cosmic-ray (CR) induced-neutron spectra at the Concordia station since December 2015. The neutron spectrometer measures the neutron spectrum over a wide energy range from meV up to tens of GeV with a short time resolution. Several parameters can influence the measurement, including systematic and environmental effects such as the atmospheric pressure, the hydrometric environment close to the instrument and the atmospheric water vapor. This paper presents CR induced neutrons measurements analyses from 2015 to 2021 in Concordia, integrating corrections to take into account environmental and systematic effects. Long-term and short-term analyses are proposed, applied to count rate, fluxes and spectra. A last part investigates the contribution of modelling to data analyses and the ability to deduce the solar modulation from neutron spectra and the radiation field extrapolation using nuclear transport in atmosphere. An underlying objective is also to improve physical models allowing analyses of continuous and simultaneously measurements of CR induced neutrons spectra. |
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1112 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8516 |
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Title |
Multispecies tracking reveals a major seabird hotspot in the North Atlantic |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Conservation Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e12824 |
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Keywords |
area beyond national jurisdiction Atlantic biologging conservation high seas marine protected area regional seas convention |
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Programme |
330,333,388,1036 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1755-263X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8293 |
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Title |
Evolution of the Cook Ice Cap (Kerguelen Islands) between the last centuries and 2100 ce based on cosmogenic dating and glacio-climatic modelling |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Antarctic Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
301-317 |
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Keywords |
degree-day glaciological model future projections glacial fluctuations in situ cosmogenic chlorine-36 dating moraines sub-Antarctic islands |
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Abstract |
The Cook Ice Cap (CIC) on the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands recently experienced extremely negative surface mass balance. Further deglaciation could have important impacts on endemic and invasive fauna and flora. To put this exceptional glacier evolution into a multi-centennial-scale context, we refined the evolution of the CIC over the last millennium, investigated the associated climate conditions and explored its potential evolution by 2100 ce. A glaciological model, constrained by cosmic ray exposure dating of moraines, historical documents and recent direct mass balance observations, was used to simulate the ice-cap extents during different phases of advance and retreat between the last millennium and 2100 ce. Cosmogenic dating suggests glacial advance around the early Little Ice Age (LIA), consistent with findings from other sub-Antarctic studies, and the rather cold and humid conditions brought about by the negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). This study contributes to our currently limited understanding of palaeoclimate for the early LIA in the southern Indian Ocean. Glaciological modelling and observations confirm the recent decrease in CIC extent linked to the intensification of the SAM. Although affected by large uncertainties, future simulations suggest a complete disappearance of CIC by the end of the century. |
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1048 |
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0954-1020, 1365-2079 |
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8187 |
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Title |
Risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in Antarctic wildlife |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
755 |
Issue |
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Pages |
143352 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Coronavirus COVID-19 Mitigation measures Reverse zoonoses Transmission |
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Abstract |
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pathogen has spread rapidly across the world, causing high numbers of deaths and significant social and economic impacts. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus with a suggested zoonotic origin with the potential for cross-species transmission among animals. Antarctica can be considered the only continent free of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, concerns have been expressed regarding the potential human introduction of this virus to the continent through the activities of research or tourism to minimise the effects on human health, and the potential for virus transmission to Antarctic wildlife. We assess the reverse-zoonotic transmission risk to Antarctic wildlife by considering the available information on host susceptibility, dynamics of the infection in humans, and contact interactions between humans and Antarctic wildlife. The environmental conditions in Antarctica seem to be favourable for the virus stability. Indoor spaces such as those at research stations, research vessels or tourist cruise ships could allow for more transmission among humans and depending on their movements between different locations the virus could be spread across the continent. Among Antarctic wildlife previous in silico analyses suggested that cetaceans are at greater risk of infection whereas seals and birds appear to be at a low infection risk. However, caution needed until further research is carried out and consequently, the precautionary principle should be applied. Field researchers handling animals are identified as the human group posing the highest risk of transmission to animals while tourists and other personnel pose a significant risk only when in close proximity (< 5 m) to Antarctic fauna. We highlight measures to reduce the risk as well as identify of knowledge gaps related to this issue. |
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1151 |
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0048-9697 |
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7960 |
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