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. (2013). Can Foraging Ecology Drive the Evolution of Body Size in a Diving Endotherm?
. PLOS ONE, 8(2), e56297.
Abstract: Within a single animal species, different morphs can allow for differential exploitation of foraging niches between populations, while sexual size dimorphism can provide each sex with access to different resources. Despite being potentially important agents of evolution, resource polymorphisms, and the way they operate in wild populations, remain poorly understood. In this study, we examine how trophic factors can select for different body sizes between populations and sexes in a diving endotherm. Dive depth and duration are positively related to body size in diving birds and mammals, a relationship explained by a lower mass-specific metabolic rate and greater oxygen stores in larger individuals. Based on this allometry, we predict that selection for exploiting resources situated at different depths can drive the evolution of body size in species of diving endotherms at the population and sexual level. To test this prediction, we studied the foraging ecology of Blue-eyed Shags, a group of cormorants with male-biased sexual size dimorphism from across the Southern Ocean. We found that mean body mass and relative difference in body mass between sexes varied by up to 77% and 107% between neighbouring colonies, respectively. Birds from colonies with larger individuals dived deeper than birds from colonies with smaller individuals, when accounting for sex. In parallel, males dived further offshore and deeper than females and the sexual difference in dive depth reflected the level of sexual size dimorphism at each colony. We argue that body size in this group of birds is under intense selection for diving to depths of profitable benthic prey patches and that, locally, sexual niche divergence selection can exaggerate the sexual size dimorphism of Blue-eyed Shags initially set up by sexual selection. Our findings suggest that trophic resources can select for important geographic micro-variability in body size between populations and sexes.
Programme: 394
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. (2020). Ocean sentinel albatrosses locate illegal vessels and provide the first estimate of the extent of nondeclared fishing (Vol. 117).
Keywords: bio-logging conservation illegal fisheries seabird vessel attraction
Programme: 109
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. (2011).
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Dragon AC, Bar-Hen A, Monestiez P, Guinet C, . (2012). Horizontal and vertical movements as predictors of foraging success in a marine predator
. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 447, 243–257.
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. (2019). Evidence for an additional planet in the ? Pictoris system (Vol. 3).
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F. Domine, M. Barrere, S. Morin. (2016). The growth of shrubs on high Arctic tundra at Bylot Island: impact on snow physical properties and permafrost thermal regime (Vol. 13).
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. (2016). Glacier inputs influence organic matter composition and prokaryotic distribution in a high Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard) (Vol. 164).
Keywords: Bacteria Biomarkers Biopolymeric carbon Climate change Pigments Polar zones
Programme: 1092
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Simpson, W. et al. (inc. Law, Raut, Roberts). (2019). ALPACA White Paper.
Abstract: Wintertime air pollution is a serious problem for urban areas and areas affected by industrial
activities in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. The cause of this pollution is local emissions
coupled with poor dispersion caused by strong temperature inversions, yet many uncertainties
remain in understanding the physical and chemical processes driving this pollution. In the case of
Fairbanks, Alaska, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations exceed health-based pollution
thresholds, requiring action to mitigate this problem. This particulate matter comes from a mix of
sources and is likely enhanced by condensation of gaseous precursors, especially under these low
temperature conditions and through chemical gas-to-particle conversion processes. Prior
Fairbanks studies have shown that wood combustion is the largest single source, but other
sources also contribute. Progress on this problem requires research into source apportionment
and a better understanding of chemical processing of pollution during cold and dark conditions.
The role of meteorology, particularly surface-based inversions also needs study. Therefore, we
propose the ALPACA study, which is organized under the international PACES initiative and in
coordination with the Pan Eurasian Experiment (PEEX). ALPACA investigates emissions and
chemical and meteorological influences on pollution in Fairbanks. In addition to measurements,
modeling, laboratory, and health effect studies, outreach efforts are planned. Involvement of
citizens is highly desired. The intended outcomes of ALPACA are improved mechanistic
understanding of pollution behavior under cold and dark conditions, improved public
understanding of the problem, and better-informed pollution mitigation strategies. The ALPACA
study will provide a benchmark to inform sister studies at high northern latitudes and assist in
understanding air pollution impacts of increasing development in the rapidly changing Arctic.
ALPACA will also provide a colder/darker comparison for mid-latitude wintertime pollution
studies.
Programme: 1215
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. (2008). Historical sea level trends in the Southern Ocean from tide gauges.
Abstract: William Smith Meeting : Observations and Causes of Sea-Level Changes on Millennial to Decadal Timescales, 1-2 Sept. 2008, London.
Programme: 688
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Juliet Lamb, Jeremy Tornos, Romain Dedet, Hubert Gantelet, Nicolas Keck, Juliette Baron, Marine Bely, Augustin Clessin, Aline Flechet, Amandine Gamble, Thierry Boulinier. (2023). Hanging out at the club: Breeding status and territoriality affect individual space use, multi-species overlap and pathogen transmission risk at a seabird colony (Vol. 37).
Keywords: Diomedea amsterdamensis dynamic space utilization floaters foraging infectious disease nonbreeding Stercorarius antarcticus
Programme: 1151
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