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Bost, C.A., Jaeger, A., Huin, W., Koubbi, P., Halsey,L.G., Handrich, Y. (2008). Monitoring prey availability via data loggers deployed on seabirds: advances and present limitations.
Abstract: Yokohama, Japon.
Programme: 394
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M. Legrand, R. Weller, S. Preunkert, B. Jourdain. (2021). Ammonium in Antarctic Aerosol: Marine Biological Activity Versus Long-Range Transport of Biomass Burning (Vol. 48).
Abstract: Year-round records of the ionic composition of Antarctic aerosol were obtained at the inland Dome C (DC) and coastal Neumayer (NM) sites, with additional observations of black carbon (BC) at NM. Discussions focus on the origin of ammonium in Antarctica. This first Antarctic atmospheric study of several species emitted by biomass burning (BB) indicates that BC and oxalate reach a maximum in October in relation to BB activity in the southern hemisphere. Ammonium reaches a maximum 2 months later, suggesting that BB remains a minor ammonium source there. The ammonium maximum in December coincides with the occurrence of diatom blooms in the austral ocean, suggesting that oceanic ammonia emissions are the main source of ammonium in Antarctica. The ammonium to sulfur-derived biogenic species molar ratio of 0.15 in summer suggests far lower ammonia emissions from the Antarctic oceans than midlatitude southern oceans.
Keywords: aerosol black carbon ammonium Antarctic biomass burning et marine biota oxalate potassium
Programme: 903
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Jourdain, B.; Legrand, M. (2002). Year-round records of bulk and size-segregated aerosol composition and HCl and HNO3 levels in the Dumont d'Urville (coastal Antarctica) atmosphere: Implications for sea-salt aerosol fractionation in the winter and summer. J. Geophys. Res., 107.
Abstract: Year-round composition of bulk and size-segregated aerosol was examined at a coastal Antarctic site (Dumont d'Urville). Sea-salt particles display a summer depletion of chloride relative to sodium, which reaches ?10%. The mass chloride loss is maximum on 1- to 3-?m-diameter particles, nitrate being often the anion causing the chloride loss. The summer SO42?/Na+ ratio exceeds the seawater value on submicron particles due to biogenic sulfate and on coarse particles due to ornithogenic (guano-enriched soils) sulfate and to heterogeneous uptake of SO2 (or H2SO4). HCl levels range from 47 ± 28 ng m?3 in the winter to 130 ± 110 ng m?3 in the summer, being close to the mass chloride loss of sea-salt aerosols. In the winter, sea-salt particles exhibit Cl?/Na+ and SO42?/Na+ mass ratios of 1.9 ± 0.1 and 0.13 ± 0.04, respectively. Resulting from precipitation of mirabilite during freezing of seawater, this sulfate-depletion-relative sodium takes place from May to October. From March to April, warmer temperatures and/or smaller sea ice extent offshore the site limit the phenomenon. A range of 14–50 ng m?3 of submicron sulfate is found, confirming the existence of nssSO42? in the winter at a coastal Antarctic site, highest values being found in the winters of 1992–1994 due to the Pinatubo volcanic input. Apart from these three winters, nssSO42? levels range between 15 and 30 ng m?3, but its origin is still unclear (quasi-continuous SO2 emissions from the Mount Erebus volcano or local wintertime dimethyl sulfide [DMS] oxidation, in addition to long-range transported by-product of DMS oxidation).
Keywords: 0330 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Geochemical cycles; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—constituent transport and chemistry
Programme: 414
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Librado Pablo, Der Sarkissian Clio, Ermini Luca, Schubert Mikkel, Jónsson Hákon, Albrechtsen Anders, Fumagalli Matteo, Yang Melinda A, Gamba Cristina, Seguin-Orlando Andaine, Mortensen Cecilie D, Petersen Bent, Hoover Cindi A, Lorente-Galdos Belen, Nedoluzhko Artem, Boulygina Eugenia, Tsygankova Svetlana, Neuditschko Markus, Jagannathan Vidhya, Thèves Catherine, Alfarhan Ahmed H, Alquraishi Saleh A, Al-Rasheid Khaled A S, Sicheritz-Ponten Thomas, Popov Ruslan, Grigoriev Semyon, Alekseev Anatoly N, Rubin Edward M, McCue Molly, Rieder Stefan, Leeb Tosso, Tikhonov Alexei, Crubézy Eric, Slatkin Montgomery, Marques-Bonet Tomas, Nielsen Rasmus, Willerslev Eske, Kantanen Juha, Prokhortchouk Egor, Orlando Ludovic, . (2015). Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments
. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 112(50), 201513696.
Abstract: Yakutia, Sakha Republic, in the Siberian Far East, represents one of the coldest places on Earth, with winter record temperatures dropping below -70 °C. Nevertheless, Yakutian horses survive all year round in the open air due to striking phenotypic adaptations, including compact body conformations, extremely hairy winter coats, and acute seasonal differences in metabolic activities. The evolutionary origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis of their adaptations remain, however, contentious. Here, we present the complete genomes of nine present-day Yakutian horses and two ancient specimens dating from the early 19th century and ∼5,200 y ago. By comparing these genomes with the genomes of two Late Pleistocene, 27 domesticated, and three wild Przewalski's horses, we find that contemporary Yakutian horses do not descend from the native horses that populated the region until the mid-Holocene, but were most likely introduced following the migration of the Yakut people a few centuries ago. Thus, they represent one of the fastest cases of adaptation to the extreme temperatures of the Arctic. We find cis-regulatory mutations to have contributed more than nonsynonymous changes to their adaptation, likely due to the comparatively limited standing variation within gene bodies at the time the population was founded. Genes involved in hair development, body size, and metabolic and hormone signaling pathways represent an essential part of the Yakutian horse adaptive genetic toolkit. Finally, we find evidence for convergent evolution with native human populations and woolly mammoths, suggesting that only a few evolutionary strategies are compatible with survival in extremely cold environments.
Programme: 1038
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Librado P, Der Sarkissian C, Ermini L, Schubert M, Jónsson H, Albrechtsen A, Fumagalli M, Yang MA, Gamba C, Seguin-Orlando A, Mortensen CD, Petersen B, Hoover CA, Lorente-Galdos B, Nedoluzhko A, Boulygina E, Tsygankova S, Neuditschko M, Jagannathan V, Thèves C, Alfarhan AH, Alquraishi SA, Al-Rasheid KA, Sicheritz-Ponten T, Popov R, Grigoriev S, Alekseev AN, Rubin EM, McCue M, Rieder S, Leeb T, Tikhonov A, Crubézy E, Slatkin M, Marques-Bonet T, Nielsen R, Willerslev E, Kantanen J, Prokhortchouk E, Orlando L. (2015). Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 112(50), 6889–97.
Abstract: Yakutia, Sakha Republic, in the Siberian Far East, represents one of the coldest places on Earth, with winter record temperatures dropping below -70 °C. Nevertheless, Yakutian horses survive all year round in the open air due to striking phenotypic adaptations, including compact body conformations, extremely hairy winter coats, and acute seasonal differences in metabolic activities. The evolutionary origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis of their adaptations remain, however, contentious. Here, we present the complete genomes of nine present-day Yakutian horses and two ancient specimens dating from the early 19th century and ∼5,200 y ago. By comparing these genomes with the genomes of two Late Pleistocene, 27 domesticated, and three wild Przewalski's horses, we find that contemporary Yakutian horses do not descend from the native horses that populated the region until the mid-Holocene, but were most likely introduced following the migration of the Yakut people a few centuries ago. Thus, they represent one of the fastest cases of adaptation to the extreme temperatures of the Arctic. We find cis-regulatory mutations to have contributed more than nonsynonymous changes to their adaptation, likely due to the comparatively limited standing variation within gene bodies at the time the population was founded. Genes involved in hair development, body size, and metabolic and hormone signaling pathways represent an essential part of the Yakutian horse adaptive genetic toolkit. Finally, we find evidence for convergent evolution with native human populations and woolly mammoths, suggesting that only a few evolutionary strategies are compatible with survival in extremely cold environments.
Programme: 1038
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Sultan, E., M.-N. Houssais, C. Herbaut, M. Lacarra, A.-A. Mbengue and M. Beauverger . (2010). The ALBION project : a multi-year effort initiated during the IPY off Adélie-George V Coast Land. .
Abstract: XXXI SCAR Open Science Conference, 3-6 August, 2010, Buenos-Aeres, Argentina.
Programme: 452
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Heerah, K., V. Andrews-Goff, G. Williams, E. Sultan, M. Hindell and J.-B. Charrassin . (2010). Ecology of Weddell seals during winter : influence of hydrographic parameters on their foraging behaviour..
Abstract: XXXI SCAR Open Science Conference, 3-6 August, 2010, Buenos-Aeres, Argentina.
Programme: 452
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Sultan E. (2008). Adelie coastal oceanography : from exploration to observatory.
Abstract: XXX SCAR Meeting, Open Science Conference, St Pete
Programme: 452
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Houssais M.-N. & Sultan E. (2008). Preliminary results of the Albion project, the french component of of SASSI : Phase 1, hydrography..
Abstract: XXX SCAR Meeting Conference, St Petersburg, Russia
Programme: 452
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Rivolier J., Cazes G., Dentan M.C., Rosnet E. & Vinokhodova A. (1996). Group interactions and individual behaviour during the Canadian space simulation CAPSULS. (Vol. 31).
Abstract: XXVIth International congress of Psychology, Montréal, 16-21 August 1996. Résumé
Programme: 252
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