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Douglas Thomas A, Domine Florent, Barret Manuel, Anastasio Cort, Beine Harry J, Bottenheim Jan, Grannas Amanda, Houdier Stephan, Netcheva Stoyka, Rowland Glenn, Staebler Ralf, Steffen Alexandra,. (2012). Frost flowers growing in the Arctic ocean-atmosphere-sea ice-snow interface: 1. Chemical composition. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D00R09 ST -.
Abstract: Frost flowers, intricate featherlike crystals that grow on refreezing sea ice leads, have been implicated in lower atmospheric chemical reactions. Few studies have presented chemical composition information for frost flowers over time and many of the chemical species commonly associated with Polar tropospheric reactions have never been reported for frost flowers. We undertook this study on the sea ice north of Barrow, Alaska to quantify the major ion, stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope, alkalinity, light absorbance by soluble species, organochlorine, and aldehyde composition of seawater, brine, and frost flowers. For many of these chemical species we present the first measurements from brine or frost flowers. Results show that major ion and alkalinity concentrations, stable isotope values, and major chromophore (NO3- and H2O2) concentrations are controlled by fractionation from seawater and brine. The presence of these chemical species in present and future sea ice scenarios is somewhat predictable. However, aldehydes, organochlorine compounds, light absorbing species, and mercury (part 2 of this research and Sherman et al. (2012)) are deposited to frost flowers through less predictable processes that probably involve the atmosphere as a source. The present and future concentrations of these constituents in frost flowers may not be easily incorporated into future sea ice or lower atmospheric chemistry scenarios. Thinning of Arctic sea ice will likely present more open sea ice leads where young ice, brine, and frost flowers form. How these changing ice conditions will affect the interactions between ice, brine, frost flowers and the lower atmosphere is unknown.
Keywords: frost flowers polar atmospheric chemistry sea ice 0738 Cryosphere: Ice (1863) 0750 Cryosphere: Sea ice (4540) 0793 Cryosphere: Biogeochemistry (0412, 0414, 1615, 4805, 4912) 1022 Geochemistry: Composition of the hydrosphere 1050 Geochemistry: Marine geochemistry (4835, 4845, 4850),
Programme: 1017
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Liousse C., Penner J.E., Walton J.J., Eddleman H., Chuang C. & Cachier H. (1996). Modeling Biomass burning aerosols..
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Programme: 146
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Chevrier M. (1992). Croissance et Reproduction chez un Diptère subantarctique:interaction thermique et trophique..
Abstract: D.E.A.'Biologie des Populations Eco-Ethologie'
Programme: 136
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Raynaud D., Barnola J.M., Chappelaz J. & Martinerie P. (1996). Changes in trace gas concentrations during the last 2,000 years and more generally the Holocene. NATO ASI Serie, 41, 547–561.
Abstract: Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanics of the Last 2000 years, NATO ASI Serie
Programme: 159
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Schneppenheim R., Kock K.H., Duhamel G. & Janssen G. (1994). On the taxonomy of the Lepidonotothen squamifrons group (Pisces, Perciformes, Notothenioidei). Archive of fishery and marine research, 42(2), 137–148.
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Dastych H. (2002). A new species of the genus Macrobiotus SCHULTZE, 1834 from Îles Kerguelen, the Sub-Antarctic (Tardigrada). Mitt. hamb. zool. mus. inst., 99, 1–27.
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Mondet J. & Fily M. (1999). The reflectance of rough snow surfaces in Antarctica from POLDER/ADEOS remote sensing data. Geophysical research letters, 26(23), 3477–3480.
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Ozouf Costaz C., Pisano E., Bonillo C. & Hureau J.C. (1999). Large-scale chromosome studies of an unusual fauna within a confined area: Antarctic Fish suborder Notothenioidei. (Vol. 85(1-2)).
Abstract: Second European Cytogenetic Conference , Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics
Programme: 181
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Steiman R., Frenot Y., Sage L., Seigle Murandi F. & Guiraud P. (1995). Contribution à l'étude de la mycoflore du sol des îles Kerguelen. Cryptogam., Mycol., 16(4), 277–291.
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