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Ferrari C.P.,Dommergue A., Veysseyre A., Planchon F. & Boutron C.F. (2002). Mercury speciation in the french seasonal snow cover. Sci. Total Environ., 287, 61–69.
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Gauchard P.A., Ferrari C.P., Poissant L., Gueheneux G., Dommergue A., Boutron C.F., Baussand P. (2004). Modification in size distribution of particles during a mercury depletion event at Kuujjuarapik/Whapmagoostui, Québec (Canada). Sci. Total Environ., 336, 215–224.
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Azimi S., A. Ludwig, D.R. Thévenot and J.L. Colin. (2003). Collection procedure for trace metal determination in total atmospheric deposits in rural and urban areas. Sci. Total Environ., 308, 247–256.
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Ferrari C. , Cyril Padova, Xavier Faïn, Pierre-Alexis Gauchard, Aurélien Dommergue, Katrine Aspmo, Torunn Berg, Warren Cairns, Carlo Barbante, Paolo Cescon, Lars Kaleschke, Andreas Richter, Folkard Wittrock and Claude Boutron. (2008). Atmospheric mercury depletion event study in Ny-Alesund (Svalbard) in spring 2005. Deposition and transformation of Hg in surface snow during springtime. Sci. Total Environ., 397(1-3), 167–177.
Abstract: A field campaign was conducted in Ny-Alesund (78°54'N, 11°53'E), Svalbard (Norway) during April and May 2005. An Atmospheric Mercury (Hg) Depletion Event (AMDE) was observed from the morning of April 24 until the evening of April 27. Transport of already Hg and ozone (O3) depleted air masses could explain this observed depletion. Due to a snowfall event during the AMDE, surface snow Hg concentrations increased two fold. Hg deposition took place over a short period of time corresponding to 3-4 days. More than 80% of the deposited Hg was estimated to be reemitted back to the atmosphere in the days following the event. During the campaign, we observed night and day variations in surface snow Hg concentrations, which may be the result of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) oxidation to divalent Hg at the snow/air interface by daylight surface snow chemistry. Finally, a decrease in the reactive Hg (HgR) fraction of total Hg (HgT) in the surface snow was observed during spring. We postulate that the transformation of HgR to a more stable form may occur in Arctic snow during spring.
Programme: 399
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Carravieri Alice, Bustamante Paco, Churlaud Carine, Cherel Yves, . (2013). Penguins as bioindicators of mercury contamination in the Southern Ocean: Birds from the Kerguelen Islands as a case study
. Sci. Total Environ., 454-455, 141–148.
Abstract: Seabirds have been used extensively as bioindicators of mercury (Hg) contamination in the marine environment, although information on flightless species like penguins remains limited. In order to assess the use of penguins as bioindicators of Hg contamination in subantarctic and Antarctic marine ecosystems, Hg concentrations were evaluated in the feathers of the four species that breed on the Kerguelen Islands in the southern Indian Ocean. Compared to other seabirds, adult Kerguelen penguins had low to moderate feather Hg concentrations, with an average ranging from 1.96 ± 0.41 μg g− 1 dry weight in the southern rockhopper penguin to 5.85 ± 3.00 μg g− 1 dry weight in the gentoo penguin. The species was a major determinant of Hg contamination, with feather Hg concentrations being lower in the oceanic species (king and crested penguins) than in the coastal one (gentoo penguin). In all species however, feather Hg concentrations were higher in adults than in chicks, reflecting the different periods of Hg bioaccumulation in the internal tissues of the two age classes. The relationship between adult penguin trophic ecology and Hg burdens was investigated using stable isotopes. Feeding habits (reflected by δ15N values) had a greater effect on adult feather Hg concentrations when compared to foraging habitats (reflected by δ13C values), indicating Hg biomagnification in Kerguelen neritic and oceanic waters. Dietary preferences were crucial in explaining individual feather Hg concentrations, as highlighted by intra-specific variation in Hg levels of gentoo penguins sampled at two different breeding sites of the archipelago. Penguins appear to reflect Hg bioavailability reliably in their foraging environment and could serve as efficient bioindicators of Hg contamination in the Southern Ocean on different spatial and temporal scales.
Keywords: Antarctica, Indian Ocean, Metal, Seabird, Stable isotopes, Trace element,
Programme: 109
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