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Author |
Sam L. Cox, Florian Orgeret, Mathieu Gesta, Charles Rodde, Isaac Heizer, Henri Weimerskirch, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Processing of acceleration and dive data on-board satellite relay tags to investigate diving and foraging behaviour in free-ranging marine predators |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal  |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
64-77 |
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Keywords |
accelerometers animal biotelemetry Argos data abstraction Mirounga leonina prey catch attempts satellite data relaying southern elephant seal swimming effort |
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Abstract |
Biologging technologies are changing the way in which the marine environment is observed and monitored. However, because device retrieval is typically required to access the high-resolution data they collect, their use is generally restricted to those animals that predictably return to land. Data abstraction and transmission techniques aim to address this, although currently these are limited in scope and do not incorporate, for example, acceleration measurements which can quantify animal behaviours and movement patterns over fine-scales. In this study, we present a new method for the collection, abstraction and transmission of accelerometer data from free-ranging marine predators via the Argos satellite system. We test run the technique on 20 juvenile southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina from the Kerguelen Islands during their first months at sea following weaning. Using retrieved archival data from nine individuals that returned to the colony, we compare and validate abstracted transmissions against outputs from established accelerometer processing procedures. Abstracted transmissions included estimates, across five segments of a dive profile, of time spent in prey catch attempt (PrCA) behaviours, swimming effort and pitch. These were then summarised and compared to archival outputs across three dive phases: descent, bottom and ascent. Correlations between the two datasets were variable but generally good (dependent on dive phase, marginal R2 values of between .45 and .6 to >.9) and consistent between individuals. Transmitted estimates of PrCA behaviours and swimming effort were positively biased to those from archival processing. Data from this study represent some of the first remotely transmitted quantifications from accelerometers. The methods presented and analysed can be used to provide novel insight towards the behaviours and movements of free-ranging marine predators, such as juvenile southern elephant seals, from whom logger retrieval is challenging. Future applications could however benefit from some adaption, particularly to reduce positive bias in transmitted PrCA behaviours and swimming effort, for which this study provides useful insight. |
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2041-210X |
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2041-210X |
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7116 |
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Author |
Karine Delord, Yves Cherel, Christophe Barbraud, Olivier Chastel, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
High variability in migration and wintering strategies of brown skuas (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) in the Indian Ocean |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
59-70 |
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Keywords |
Activity Feather Geolocator Intraspecific strategies Phenology Stable isotopes |
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Abstract |
Movements of brown skuas (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) originating from two populations in the southern Indian Ocean were studied during the nonbreeding period using geolocation. A total of 33 individuals were equipped resulting in 34 annual tracks recovered from 50 deployments. Brown skuas varied extensively in their post-breeding movements, from true long range migrations to reach distant wintering zones, to short movements in the vicinity of breeding grounds. Overall, brown skuas migrated northward to overwinter in different areas in the southern hemisphere; individuals remained in the Indian Ocean, except two that overwintered in the Benguela Current (Atlantic Ocean). Wintering grounds were generally situated in productive dynamic upwelling waters or frontal systems. Brown skuas avoided the less productive area of the South Subtropical Gyre in the Central Indian Ocean. Individuals clearly differed in migratory strategies, targeting areas in a continuum from the sub-Antarctic to the tropics. Inter-individual differences were not sex-dependent. The migration dates varied between sexes with females leaving the breeding sites earlier and returning later compared to males. The duration of migration depended on wintering area and sex. Males had shorter migrations than females, regardless of the wintering area. Isotopic signatures clearly indicated that birds moulted in the wintering area and during migration. The low ? 15N values of feathers that grew in mixed subtropical-sub-Antarctic waters suggest that skuas fed on low trophic level prey in these areas. The origin and consequences of such strong inter-individual variation in migratory strategies requires further investigation. |
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ISSN |
1432-2056 |
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1432-2056 |
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7117 |
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Title |
Young parents produce offspring with short telomeres: A study in a long-lived bird, the Black-browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys) |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e0193526 |
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Keywords |
Animal sexual behavior Birds Feathers Foraging Physiological parameters Telomeres Vertebrates Wildlife |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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7118 |
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Title |
Demographic, endocrine and behavioral responses to mirex in the South polar skua |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
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Volume |
631-632 |
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Pages |
317-325 |
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Abstract |
Population consequences of chronic exposure to multiple pollutants at low environmental doses remain speculative, because of the lack of appropriate long-term monitoring surveys. This study integrates proximate and ultimate aspects of persistent organic pollutants (POP) burden in free-living vertebrates, by coupling hormonal and behavioral endpoints, life-history traits, and population dynamics. Blood samples (N=70) were collected in South polar skuas during two breeding periods, in 2003 and 2005, and individuals were annually monitored until 2011. Multi-state mark recapture models were used to test the effects of POP levels on demographic traits. Survival rate and long-term breeding probability were not related to individual POP levels, whereas long-term breeding success significantly decreased with increasing blood levels of mirex, an organochlorine insecticide. At the proximate level, corticosterone (stress hormone) and prolactin (parental care hormone) levels were not linked to individual POP burden. Nest defense in 2005 was significantly less intensive in chick-rearing skuas bearing higher mirex levels, suggesting reproductive behavioral impairment. Matrix population models were then built to project the rate of population decline according to increasing mirex burden. Although mirex levels were 2.8 times higher in 2003 than in 2005, the population-level effect of mirex was only detected in 2005, the year of higher corticosterone levels. The combination of endocrine traits with demographic analysis thereby enables to provide new support of synergistic interactions between pollutants and stress levels on long-term breeding outputs and population dynamics. |
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ISSN |
0048-9697 |
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0048-9697 |
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yes |
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7119 |
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Title |
How do fishing practices influence sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) depredation on demersal longline fisheries? |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Fisheries Research |
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Volume |
206 |
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Pages |
14-26 |
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Keywords |
Demersal longline Depredation Fishing practices Patagonian toothfish Sperm whale |
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Abstract |
Marine mammal depredation on fisheries (animals removing fish caught on fishing gear) is a worldwide issue involving socio-economic and ecological consequences. Longline fisheries are the most impacted by odontocete (toothed whales) depredation. While technological means have provided limited efficacy in reducing depredation, this study examined the fishing practices influencing both the proportion of depredated longline sets and the amount of fish removed by whales. We used an 8-year dataset from the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) longline fisheries operating in Crozet and Kerguelen Economic Exclusive Zones (EEZs) (South Indian Ocean) and GLMMs to investigate sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) depredation. Sperm whale depredation occurred on 61% of 5260 sets in Crozet and 41% of 16,902 sets in Kerguelen, and resulted in minimum estimated toothfish losses of 702 tons and 2649 tons, respectively, in the two areas. The probability of depredation decreased in winter months, increased with depth fished and decreased when vessels travelled over distances of >60?km from fishing grounds with encountering depredation. These findings suggest the natural spatio-temporal distribution of sperm whales and their ability to follow vessels over limited ranges influence the number of captured fish removals. The amount of depredated toothfish decreased with the speed at which longline sets were hauled and increased with the soaking time of sets suggesting that whales may depredate sets during both hauling and soaking operations. Together, these observations indicate that rates of depredation may be influenced by the conditions of fishing operations and could therefore be employed to implement strategies of avoidance in all fisheries facing similar depredation impacts. |
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ISSN |
0165-7836 |
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0165-7836 |
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yes |
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7121 |
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Title |
Climate change and functional traits affect population dynamics of a long-lived seabird |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
87 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
906-920 |
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Keywords |
birds climate change foraging behaviours non-breeding season phenotypic traits pre-breeding season timing of breeding wing length |
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Abstract |
Abstract Recent studies unravelled the effect of climate changes on populations through their impact on functional traits and demographic rates in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, but such understanding in marine ecosystems remains incomplete. Here, we evaluate the impact of the combined effects of climate and functional traits on population dynamics of a long-lived migratory seabird breeding in the southern ocean: the black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris, BBA). We address the following prospective question: ?Of all the changes in the climate and functional traits, which would produce the biggest impact on the BBA population growth rate?? We develop a structured matrix population model that includes the effect of climate and functional traits on the complete BBA life cycle. A detailed sensitivity analysis is conducted to understand the main pathway by which climate and functional trait changes affect the population growth rate. The population growth rate of BBA is driven by the combined effects of climate over various seasons and multiple functional traits with carry-over effects across seasons on demographic processes. Changes in sea surface temperature (SST) during late winter cause the biggest changes in the population growth rate, through their effect on juvenile survival. Adults appeared to respond to changes in winter climate conditions by adapting their migratory schedule rather than by modifying their at-sea foraging activity. However, the sensitivity of the population growth rate to SST affecting BBA migratory schedule is small. BBA foraging activity during the pre-breeding period has the biggest impact on population growth rate among functional traits. Finally, changes in SST during the breeding season have little effect on the population growth rate. These results highlight the importance of early life histories and carry-over effects of climate and functional traits on demographic rates across multiple seasons in population response to climate change. Robust conclusions about the roles of various phases of the life cycle and functional traits in population response to climate change rely on an understanding of the relationships of traits to demographic rates across the complete life cycle. |
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0021-8790 |
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0021-8790 |
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yes |
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7122 |
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First demographic insights on historically harvested and poorly known male sperm whale populations off the Crozet and Kerguelen Islands (Southern Ocean) |
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2018 |
Publication |
Marine Mammal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
595-615 |
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Keywords |
abundance Antarctic mark-recapture multistate Physeter macrocephalus robust design sperm whale |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1748-7692 |
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1748-7692 |
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yes |
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7123 |
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Title |
Coastal polynyas: Winter oases for subadult southern elephant seals in East Antarctica |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3183 |
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109 |
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2045-2322 |
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2045-2322 |
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7124 |
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Author |
Sauser Christophe, Delord Karine, Barbraud Christophe |
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Title |
Increased sea ice concentration worsens fledging condition and juvenile survival in a pagophilic seabird, the snow petrel |
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2018 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
20180140 |
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109 |
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1744-9561 |
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yes |
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7126 |
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Flights of drones over sub-Antarctic seabirds show species- and status-specific behavioural and physiological responses |
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2018 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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41 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
259-266 |
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Keywords |
Albatrosses Altitude Disturbance Penguins Petrels UAV |
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109 |
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1432-2056 |
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1432-2056 |
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7127 |
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