|
|
Gamble, A., Garnier, R., Chambert, T., Gimenez, O. & Boulinier, T. (2017). (Next Generation Serology:) integrating cross-sectional and capture-recapture data to infer disease dynamics from serological data..
Abstract: Communication orale à la Réunion 2017 du Groupe Immuno-Ecologie de Réseazu Ecologie des Interactions Durables (REID), 14-15 Septembre 2017, Montpellier.
Programme: 333
|
|
|
|
. (2017). Multi-colony tracking reveals spatio-temporal variation in carry-over effects between breeding success and winter movements in a pelagic seabird (Vol. 578).
Keywords: Black-legged kittiwake Geolocation Life-history strategies Migration North Atlantic Reproduction Rissa tridactyla Seasonal interactions
Programme: 333
|
|
|
|
. (2017). Kittiwake eggs viewed by conspecifics and predators: implications for colour signal evolution (Vol. 122).
Abstract: Colour traits evolve under the antagonistic selective pressures of increasing detectability to intended receivers (e.g. conspecifics) while minimizing detectability to unintended receivers (e.g. predators). Primarily selected for camouflage, avian egg coloration has also been suggested to have intraspecific signalling functions. A first step in assessing the relative importance of camouflage/communication requires quantifying detectability for different visual systems, which is rarely done. Here, we compared brightness and colour contrasts of black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) speckled and soiled eggs as seen from a distance by conspecifics and their main avian predator, the common raven (Corvus corax). We also examined how egg speckling and soiling deposition on incubated eggs affected egg detectability and egg coloration variability. We found that eggs were detectable by both species, but were more conspicuous to conspecifics than to predators. Egg speckling reduced brightness contrast and increased colour contrast, contributing to reducing detectability by predators while maintaining potential for intraspecific communication, respectively. Soiling reduced egg detectability for both perceivers, but soiled eggs remained more conspicuous to conspecifics than predators. Moreover, soiling did not homogenize the clutch signature of egg colour and speckling, thus allowing intraspecific exploitation of information on female quality that egg coloration may convey or individual clutch recognition. We suggest that further studies of egg colour adaptive functions and evolution should consider all perceivers as well as soiling deposition, an overlooked mechanism that may be favoured by selection against predation.
Programme: 333
|
|
|
|
Boulinier, T. (2017). 'The transfer of maternal antibodies: from evolutionary immunology to albatros conservation'. Invited presentation at the CNRS Jacques Monod conference ‘Infectious diseases as drivers of co-evolution: the challenges ahead’ (organizers: A. Rivero & A. Graham), Roscoff, September 2017..
Abstract: Invited presentation at the CNRS Jacques Monod conference ‘Infectious diseases as drivers of co-evolution: the challenges ahead’ (organizers: A. Rivero & A. Graham), Roscoff, September 2017.
Programme: 333
|
|
|
|
. (2017). Intense prospecting movements of failed breeders nesting in an unsuccessful breeding subcolony (Vol. 124).
Keywords: breeding habitat selection conspecific breeding performance informed dispersal movement ecology nest attendance reproductive failure social information use
Programme: 333
|
|
|
|
Kada, S. (2016). Sources d’hétérogénéités dans la circulation d’agents infectieux transmis par les vecteurs : le cas des tiques et maladies à tiques dans des systèmes d’hôtes structurées spatialement..
Abstract: Soutenance de ethèse le 15 Décembre 2016. Absrtact: Different hosts may not contribute equally to parasite transmission. For instance, some individuals or species may be more heavily infected than others, an observation that led to the `20/80' rule, stating that in many cases 20% of the individuals are expected to be responsible for 80% of the transmission. However, studies on heterogeneity in transmission have primarily focused on intrinsic factors of transmission, such as susceptibility and infectivity, while the impact of extrinsic factors, such as connectivity network among individuals or species of the host community and the role of various host movements, has been relatively neglected. This thesis investigates the role of extrinsic transmission heterogeneities on the spread of infectious disease in multi-host systems, using tick-seabird-microparasite systems as empirical models for theoretical investigations. Four main causes of heterogeneity in transmission of vector-borne diseases were considered : (i) heterogeneity in vector abundance, distribution, and estimation thereof (ii) heterogeneity in contact among species in a multi-host community, (iii) heterogeneity in infection spread caused by different types of host movement behaviors (notably the potential role of ‘prospecting’ by host individuals among groups of hosts), and (iv) heterogeneity in dispersal ability and transmission competence among vectors with different life-history traits (stage-dependent dispersal). Our findings point to a number of potentially important factors that need to be considered more explicitly in empirical studies and which could have implications for evaluating the efficacy of disease management programs. First, we highlight the need to accurately estimate ectoparasite abundances with hierarchical modeling approaches that can take into account both heterogeneity in their detection probability and their aggregated distribution among hosts. Next, using network theory to examine the impact of community context on disease transmission and maintenance, we found that network structure (modularity, nestedness) and node-based measures (e.g., centrality) both shape the emergence of ‘super-spreader’ species (i.e. species that contribute disproportionally to disease transmission) and keystone species (i.e. species that contribute disproportionally to disease maintenance) in multi-host, multi-vector pathogens communities. Finally, we explored the contribution of host behavior and vector life-history traits to the spread of infectious agents. By reviewing the recent literature, we e highlight the fact that prospecting, relative to various other types of host movements, may be of key importance to disease transmission among groups of hosts, notably in social species. By developing a simple theoretical model, we also stress how vector life history characteristics (notably the length of bloodmeals) and demographic constraints (Allee effects) affect their colonization potential. Soft ticks, which take a single long bloodmeal at only the larval stage, are predicted to have much lower colonization rates than hard ticks, which take a single, long bloodmeal at every life stage. These stage-dependent dispersal discrepancies may have direct consequences for the genetic structure of their populations and the spread of vector-borne infectious agents. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of studying the causes and consequences of transmission heterogeneity in multi-host, multi-vector systems. A series of potentially important sources of heterogeneity in parasite transmission are outlined together with perspectives of empirical and theoretical work to further explore their implications, which can be important for a better understanding of the ecology and evolution of host-parasite interactions, but also for disease management purposes.
Programme: 333
|
|
|
|
. (2015). First Observation of a Four-egg Clutch of Long-tailed Jaeger (Stercorarius longicaudus) (Vol. 127).
Abstract: Long-tailed Jaegers (Stercorarius longicaudus) normally lay one or two eggs (rarely three), with a maximum of two eggs set by the existence of only two brood patches. Here, however, we present the first documentation of a clutch of four eggs in a Long-tailed Jaeger nest found at Zackenberg in northeastern Greenland.
Programme: 1036
|
|
|
|
Thomas Frederikse, Maya K. Buchanan, Erwin Lambert, Robert E. Kopp, Michael Oppenheimer, D. J. Rasmussen, Roderik S. W. van de Wal. (2020). Antarctic Ice Sheet and emission scenario controls on 21st-century extreme sea-level changes (Vol. 11).
Abstract: Uncertainties in Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios and Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) melt propagate into uncertainties in projected mean sea-level (MSL) changes and extreme sea-level (ESL) events. Here we quantify the impact of RCP scenarios and AIS contributions on 21st-century ESL changes at tide-gauge sites across the globe using extreme-value statistics. We find that even under RCP2.6, almost half of the sites could be exposed annually to a present-day 100-year ESL event by 2050. Most tropical sites face large increases in ESL events earlier and for scenarios with smaller MSL changes than extratropical sites. Strong emission reductions lower the probability of large ESL changes but due to AIS uncertainties, cannot fully eliminate the probability that large increases in frequencies of ESL events will occur. Under RCP8.5 and rapid AIS mass loss, many tropical sites, including low-lying islands face a MSL rise by 2100 that exceeds the present-day 100-year event level.
Programme: 688
|
|
|
|
. (2020). Antarctic Ozone Enhancement During the 2019 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event (Vol. 47).
|
|
|
|
Alison F. Banwell, Rajashree Tri Datta, Rebecca L. Dell, Mahsa Moussavi, Ludovic Brucker, Ghislain Picard, Christopher A. Shuman, Laura A. Stevens. (2021). The 32-year record-high surface melt in 2019/2020 on the northern George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula (Vol. 15).
Abstract: In the 2019/2020 austral summer, the surface melt duration and extent on the northern George VI Ice Shelf (GVIIS) was exceptional compared to the 31 previous summers of distinctly lower melt. This finding is based on analysis of near-continuous 41-year satellite microwave radiometer and scatterometer data, which are sensitive to meltwater on the ice shelf surface and in the near-surface snow. Using optical satellite imagery from Landsat 8 (2013 to 2020) and Sentinel-2 (2017 to 2020), record volumes of surface meltwater ponding were also observed on the northern GVIIS in 2019/2020, with 23 % of the surface area covered by 0.62 km3 of ponded meltwater on 19 January. These exceptional melt and surface ponding conditions in 2019/2020 were driven by sustained air temperatures ?0 ?C for anomalously long periods (55 to 90 h) from late November onwards, which limited meltwater refreezing. The sustained warm periods were likely driven by warm, low-speed (?7.5 m s?1) northwesterly and northeasterly winds and not by foehn wind conditions, which were only present for 9 h total in the 2019/2020 melt season. Increased surface ponding on ice shelves may threaten their stability through increased potential for hydrofracture initiation; a risk that may increase due to firn air content depletion in response to near-surface melting.
Programme: 1110
|
|
