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Author |
Jérôme Fort, David Grémillet, Gwendoline Traisnel, Françoise Amélineau, Paco Bustamante |
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Title |
Does temporal variation of mercury levels in Arctic seabirds reflect changes in global environmental contamination, or a modification of Arctic marine food web functioning? |
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Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Environmental Pollution |
Abbreviated Journal  |
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Volume |
211 |
Issue |
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Pages |
382-388 |
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Keywords |
Arctic Bio-indicator Little auk Metal Temporal trend Zooplankton |
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Abstract |
Studying long-term trends of contaminants in Arctic biota is essential to better understand impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change on the exposure of sensitive species and marine ecosystems. We concurrently measured temporal changes (2006–2014) in mercury (Hg) contamination of little auks (Alle alle; the most abundant Arctic seabird) and in their major zooplankton prey species (Calanoid copepods, Themisto libellula, Gammarus spp.). We found an increasing contamination of the food-chain in East Greenland during summer over the last decade. More specifically, bird contamination (determined by body feather analyses) has increased at a rate of 3.4% per year. Conversely, bird exposure to Hg during winter in the northwest Atlantic (determined by head feather analyses) decreased over the study period (at a rate of 1.5% per year), although winter concentrations remained consistently higher than during summer. By combining mercury levels measured in birds and zooplankton to isotopic analyses, our results demonstrate that inter-annual variations of Hg levels in little auks reflect changes in food-chain contamination, rather than a reorganization of the food web and a modification of seabird trophic ecology. They therefore underline the value of little auks, and Arctic seabirds in general, as bio-indicators of long-term changes in environmental contamination. |
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388 |
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0269-7491 |
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0269-7491 |
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yes |
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6920 |
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Morten Frederiksen, Sébastien Descamps, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Anthony J. Gaston, H. Grant Gilchrist, David Grémillet, Kasper L. Johansen, Yann Kolbeinsson, Jannie F. Linnebjerg, Mark L. Mallory, Laura A. McFarlane Tranquilla, Flemming R. Merkel, William A. Montevecchi, Anders Mosbech, Tone K. Reiertsen, Gregory J. Robertson, Harald Steen, Hallvard Strøm, Thorkell L. Thórarinsson |
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Title |
Migration and wintering of a declining seabird, the thick-billed murre Uria lomvia, on an ocean basin scale: Conservation implications |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
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Volume |
200 |
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Pages |
26-35 |
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Keywords |
Brünnich's guillemot Geolocation Migration Seabird Thick-billed murre Winter distribution |
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Abstract |
Pelagic seabirds are exposed to an array of potential threats during the non-breeding period, and effective management of these threats on a large scale requires knowledge of which populations winter where. Thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) are emblematic of this conservation challenge, since they breed widely in the circumpolar Arctic, with many declining populations in the Atlantic. Threats facing murres include hunting, oil spills, bycatch and oceanic change influencing prey availability. Previous knowledge of migration pathways was insufficient to estimate the composition of various wintering populations. We collated tracking data (light-based geolocation) of 320 murres from 18 colonies in Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard and mainland Norway. Data were combined with breeding population counts to estimate the size and composition of wintering populations. The main wintering areas were off Newfoundland and Labrador, off West Greenland, and around Iceland. Winter areas were associated with the interface between High and Low Arctic ocean regimes. There was strong correspondence between wintering area and breeding population status: stable populations breeding in Canada and Northwest Greenland wintered mainly off Canada, whereas declining populations from Svalbard and Iceland wintered mainly off West Greenland and around Iceland. Many populations used distinct post-breeding areas, presumably for moulting; some of these areas were previously unknown. In some populations, there was a clear tendency for females to migrate south earlier than males, which accompany flightless fledglings when they leave the colony. Our study provides a key example of the urgency of coordinated, transoceanic management of vulnerable migratory species such as seabirds. |
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388 |
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ISSN |
0006-3207 |
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0006-3207 |
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yes |
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6921 |
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Author |
Amélie Lescroël, Raphaël Mathevet, Clara Péron, Matthieu Authier, Pascal Provost, Akinori Takahashi, David Grémillet |
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Title |
Seeing the ocean through the eyes of seabirds: A new path for marine conservation? |
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Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Marine Policy |
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Volume |
68 |
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Pages |
212-220 |
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Keywords |
Animal-borne imaging Biologging Marine protected areas Public participation Social-ecological systems Surrogate species |
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Abstract |
Seeing the ocean through the eyes of seabirds could help meet the challenges of managing common-pool marine resources both in protected and unprotected areas. First, seabirds are top-predators, exposed to all threats affecting the oceans, and this makes them ideal sentinel organisms for monitoring changes within marine ecosystems. Second, seabirds cross both ecological and political boundaries, and following their movements should help making interdependencies within and between marine ecosystems more visible. Third, seabirds are conspicuous and often charismatic animals, which interact differently with different groups of stakeholders and provide the opportunity to acknowledge and discuss each other's values and interests. In this paper, we present these research avenues using a seabirds’ view, for tackling marine conservation and management issues, and we give operational examples of implementation based on our work in the English Channel. |
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388 |
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ISSN |
0308-597X |
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0308-597X |
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yes |
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6922 |
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Author |
Souverijns, N., A. Gossart, S. Lhermitte, I. V. Gorodetskaya, J. Grazioli, A. Berne, C. Durán-alarcón, B. Boudevillain, C. Genthon, C. Scarchilli, And N. P. M. Van Lipzig |
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Title |
Evaluation of the CloudSat surface snowfall product over Antarctica using ground-based precipitation radars |
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2018 |
Publication |
The cryosphere |
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Volume |
12 |
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Pages |
3775-3789 |
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1013 |
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1994-0416 |
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yes |
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7405 |
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Author |
Laureline L. Chaise, Dominic J. McCafferty, Adélie Krellenstein, Susan L. Gallon, William D. Paterson, Marc Théry, André Ancel, Caroline Gilbert |
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Title |
Environmental and physiological determinants of huddling behavior of molting female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Physiology & behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
199 |
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Pages |
182-190 |
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Keywords |
Aggregation behavior Habitat type Heat loss Meteorological variations Phocids Stomach temperature |
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Abstract |
While endotherms can rely on their insulation to reduce heat loss to adapt to cold environments, renewing of fur during molt impairs insulation while they have to perfuse the periphery to support epidermal tissues. The southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina undertakes an annual catastrophic molt while fasting on land in a wet, windy and cold environment. However, southern elephant seals show characteristic aggregation patterns that are predicted to reduce high metabolic costs during the molt. Between 2012 and 2016, 59 female elephant seals were tracked on land during their molt to study their aggregation behavior in relation to molt stage, habitat type and local weather conditions. Infrared thermography and stomach temperature loggers were used to observe variation in body surface and internal temperature in relation to molt stage and aggregation behavior. We found that thermal constraints varied during the molt, with a peak in surface temperature during the mid-stage of the molt. Wallows (mud pools) appear as favorable habitat to aggregate while molting. Indeed, wallows offered a warmer microclimate with greater ground temperature and lower wind speed. Moreover, there was a greater proportion of aggregated seals and larger group size in wallows. These aggregation patterns in wallows were influenced by local weather such that a greater proportion of seals were located in the center of the aggregation, and larger group size occurred during days of unfavorable meteorological conditions. We also observed a higher proportion of seals at mid-stage of molt amongst aggregated seals compared to isolated individuals. This aggregation behavior may reduce the cost of thermogenesis as surface body temperature and stomach temperature were cooler by 1.0 °C and 1.5 °C, respectively, in aggregated compared to isolated seals. As a consequence, huddling behavior may be thermally advantageous for female southern elephant seals during the molt. |
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1201 |
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0031-9384 |
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0031-9384 |
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yes |
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6956 |
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Author |
F. Amélineau, J. Fort, P. D. Mathewson, D. C. Speirs, N. Courbin, S. Perret, W. P. Porter, R. J. Wilson, D. Grémillet |
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Title |
Energyscapes and prey fields shape a North Atlantic seabird wintering hotspot under climate change |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Royal society open science |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
171883 |
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Abstract |
There is an urgent need for a better understanding of animal migratory ecology under the influence of climate change. Most current analyses require long-term monitoring of populations on the move, and shorter-term approaches are needed. Here, we analysed the ecological drivers of seabird migration within the framework of the energyscape concept, which we defined as the variations in the energy requirements of an organism across geographical space as a function of environmental conditions. We compared the winter location of seabirds with their modelled energy requirements and prey fields throughout the North Atlantic. Across six winters, we tracked the migration of 94 little auks (Alle alle), a key sentinel Arctic species, between their East Greenland breeding site and wintering areas off Newfoundland. Winter energyscapes were modelled with Niche Mapper™, a mechanistic tool which takes into account local climate and bird ecophysiology. Subsequently, we used a resource selection function to explain seabird distributions through modelled energyscapes and winter surface distribution of one of their main prey, Calanus finmarchicus. Finally, future energyscapes were calculated according to IPCC climate change scenarios. We found that little auks targeted areas with high prey densities and moderately elevated energyscapes. Predicted energyscapes for 2050 and 2095 showed a decrease in winter energy requirements under the high emission scenario, which may be beneficial if prey availability is maintained. Overall, our study demonstrates the great potential of the energyscape concept for the study of animal spatial ecology, in particular in the context of global change. |
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388 |
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yes |
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6925 |
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Author |
Carolina Mallol, Auréade Henry |
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Title |
Ethnoarchaeology of Paleolithic Fire: Methodological Considerations |
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2017 |
Publication |
Current Anthropology |
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58 |
Issue |
S16 |
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S217-S229 |
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Abstract |
Most of the ethnoarchaeological literature on hearths is scattered within general works that target many different aspects of foraging or hunter-gatherer societies. Although these works are a good source of ideas and clues for the interpretation of macroscopically observable features of Paleolithic hearths, there is hardly any high-resolution ethnoarchaeological reference material with which to compare microstratigraphic evidence of archaeological fire. Our ethnoarchaeological research at this scale has focused on exploring differential preservation of open-air hearths and the potential to identify fire-related activities and different variables of fire technology (fuel, temperature, and function) using micromorphological and anthracological analysis. Although these studies have been useful sources of analogy, further case studies as well as ethnoarchaeological examples of superposed and imbricated hearths and reference material from enclosed settings such as caves and rock shelters are strongly called for. In this paper we summarize and discuss aspects of our previous work to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the ethnoarchaeological approach for the study of Paleolithic fire and propose possible avenues for future research on the topic. |
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1140 |
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0011-3204 |
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0011-3204 |
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yes |
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6926 |
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Author |
Henry A., Zavadskaja E., Beyries S. |
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Title |
Ethnoarchaeology of fire under cold climates |
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2017 |
Publication |
Internationsl symposium “ethnoarchaeology of fire” |
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1140 |
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yes |
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6927 |
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Author |
Tetenkin А.V., Henry A., Jacquier J., Klement’ev А.V., Ulanov A. A. |
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Title |
Researches of the New Paleolithic Complex of Cultural Horizon 2b of Site Kovrizhka IV on Vitim River in 2015–2016 (in Russian). |
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2016 |
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Reports of the laboratory of ancient technologies |
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4 |
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9-18 |
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1140 |
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6928 |
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Author |
Mccoy, K.d. |
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Title |
Comparative host-parasite population structures & host movements. (Invited speaker) Gordon Research Conference ‘Movement ecology of animals, Ventura, California USA, march 19-23 2017. |
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2017 |
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Gordon Research Conference ‘Movement ecology of animals, Ventura, California USA, mar 19-23 2017. Comparative host-parasite population structures & host movements. (Invited speaker) |
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333 |
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yes |
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6929 |
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