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Author Jacobi, H.-W. openurl 
  Title Snow properties and processes linking snow to radiative forcing in high latitudes and altitudes, Type Communication
  Year 2017 Publication Seminar at the norwegian meteorological institute, oslo, norway, 19 may 2017 Abbreviated Journal (up)  
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  Programme 1126  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6909  
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Author Reverdy, A., and H.-W. Jacobi openurl 
  Title Comparison of snow height and snow water equivalent measurements at Ny-Ålesund Type Communication
  Year 2016 Publication Ny-ålesund atmosphere flagship open work group meetings, kjeller, norway, october 2016 Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Programme 1126  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6911  
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Author E. Crubezy, D. Nikolaeva isbn  openurl
  Title Vainqueurs ou vaincus ? L'énigme Iakoute. Type Book
  Year 2017 Publication Edts odile jacob Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
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  Programme 1038  
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  ISSN ISBN 978-2-7381-3793-7 Medium  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6912  
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Author Vincent Zvénigorosky, Eric Crubézy, Morgane Gibert, Catherine Thèves, Clémence Hollard, Angéla Gonzalez, Sardana A. Fedorova, Anatoly N. Alexeev, Rozalia I. Bravina, Bertrand Ludes, Christine Keyser doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title The genetics of kinship in remote human groups Type Journal
  Year 2016 Publication Forensic Science International: Genetics Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 25 Issue Pages 52-62  
  Keywords Ancient DNA Genetic kinship Population genetics Short tandem repeats Yakutia  
  Abstract For fifteen years, part of the work of our research team has been focused on the study of parental links between individuals living hundreds or thousands of years ago, whose remains have been found in single graves or large funerary complexes. These studies have been undertaken using methods developed by forensic genetics to identify individuals, mainly based on the genotyping of autosomal STR (Short Tandem Repeats). Issues arose from this work, namely the limits of studying small numbers of subjects, originating from groups of finite sizes where kinships cannot be inferred a priori and for which reference allelic frequencies do not exist. Although ideal human populations are rare when undertaking such studies, the Yakuts of Eastern Siberia constitute a very advantageous model, with large numbers of small pastoral communities and well-preserved archaeological material. The study of kinship in the ancient Yakuts allowed us to highlight the difficulties in analysing genetic data from small ancient human groups and to develop a strategy to improve the accuracy of statistical computations. This work describes this strategy and possible solutions to the study of populations outside of the frame of reference of global meta-populations, due either to isolation, remoteness or antiquity.  
  Programme 1038  
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  ISSN 1872-4973 ISBN 1872-4973 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6913  
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Author Jean-François Magnaval, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Morgane Gibert, Alla Gurieva, Jonathan Outreville, Praskovia Dyachkovskaya, Richard Fabre, Sardana Fedorova, Dariya Nikolaeva, Damien Dubois, Olga Melnitchuk, Pascale Daviaud-Fabre, Marie Marty, Anatoly Alekseev, Eric Crubezy doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title A Serological Survey About Zoonoses in the Verkhoyansk Area, Northeastern Siberia (Sakha Republic, Russian Federation) Type Journal
  Year 2016 Publication Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 103-109  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In 2012, a seroprevalence survey concerning 10 zoonoses, which were bacterial (Lyme borreliosis and Q fever), parasitic (alveolar echinococcosis [AE] and cystic echinococcosis [CE], cysticercosis, toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis, and trichinellosis), or arboviral (tick-borne encephalitis and West Nile virus infection), was conducted among 77 adult volunteers inhabiting Suordakh and Tomtor Arctic villages in the Verkhoyansk area (Yakutia). Following serological testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and/or western blot, no positive result was found for cysticercosis, CE, toxocariasis, trichinellosis, and both arboviral zoonoses. Four subjects (5.2%) had anti-Toxoplasma IgG, without the presence of specific IgM. More importantly, eight subjects (10.4%) tested positive for Lyme borreliosis, two (2.6%) for recently acquired Q fever, and one (1.3%) for AE. Lyme infection and Q fever, whose presence had not been reported so far in Arctic Yakutia, appeared therefore to be a major health threat for people dwelling, sporting, or working in the Arctic area of the Sakha Republic.  
  Programme 1038  
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  ISSN 1530-3667 ISBN 1530-3667 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6914  
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Author Pablo Librado, Cristina Gamba, Charleen Gaunitz, Clio Der Sarkissian, Mélanie Pruvost, Anders Albrechtsen, Antoine Fages, Naveed Khan, Mikkel Schubert, Vidhya Jagannathan, Aitor Serres-Armero, Lukas F. K. Kuderna, Inna S. Povolotskaya, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Sébastien Lepetz, Markus Neuditschko, Catherine Thèves, Saleh Alquraishi, Ahmed H. Alfarhan, Khaled Al-Rasheid, Stefan Rieder, Zainolla Samashev, Henri-Paul Francfort, Norbert Benecke, Michael Hofreiter, Arne Ludwig, Christine Keyser, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Bertrand Ludes, Eric Crubézy, Tosso Leeb, Eske Willerslev, Ludovic Orlando doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Ancient genomic changes associated with domestication of the horse Type Journal
  Year 2017 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 356 Issue 6336 Pages 442-445  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Ancient genomics of horse domestication The domestication of the horse was a seminal event in human cultural evolution. Librado et al. obtained genome sequences from 14 horses from the Bronze and Iron Ages, about 2000 to 4000 years ago, soon after domestication. They identified variants determining coat color and genes selected during the domestication process. They could also see evidence of admixture with archaic horses and the demography of the domestication process, which included the accumulation of deleterious variants. The horse appears to have undergone a different type of domestication process than animals that were domesticated simply for food. Science, this issue p. 442 The genomic changes underlying both early and late stages of horse domestication remain largely unknown. We examined the genomes of 14 early domestic horses from the Bronze and Iron Ages, dating to between ~4.1 and 2.3 thousand years before present. We find early domestication selection patterns supporting the neural crest hypothesis, which provides a unified developmental origin for common domestic traits. Within the past 2.3 thousand years, horses lost genetic diversity and archaic DNA tracts introgressed from a now-extinct lineage. They accumulated deleterious mutations later than expected under the cost-of-domestication hypothesis, probably because of breeding from limited numbers of stallions. We also reveal that Iron Age Scythian steppe nomads implemented breeding strategies involving no detectable inbreeding and selection for coat-color variation and robust forelimbs. The genomes of 14 ancient horses reveal selection during domestication stages and a recent loss of diversity. The genomes of 14 ancient horses reveal selection during domestication stages and a recent loss of diversity.  
  Programme 1038  
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  ISSN 0036-8075, 1095-9203 ISBN 0036-8075, 1095-9203 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6915  
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Author Crubézy E.,Alexeev A.  openurl 
  Title Мир древних якутов, опыт междисциплинарных сследований. The world of The ancient Yakuts: a transdisciplinary approach from the French/iakut expedition. Type Journal
  Year 2012 Publication North federal university yakuts Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 225  
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  Programme 1038  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6916  
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Author F. Amélineau, D. Bonnet, O. Heitz, V. Mortreux, A. M. A. Harding, N. Karnovsky, W. Walkusz, J. Fort, D. Grémillet doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Microplastic pollution in the Greenland Sea: Background levels and selective contamination of planktivorous diving seabirds Type Journal
  Year 2016 Publication Environmental Pollution Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 219 Issue Pages 1131-1139  
  Keywords Arctic Little auk Plastic Sea ice Selective uptake Zooplankton  
  Abstract Microplastics have been reported everywhere around the globe. With very limited human activities, the Arctic is distant from major sources of microplastics. However, microplastic ingestions have been found in several Arctic marine predators, confirming their presence in this region. Nonetheless, existing information for this area remains scarce, thus there is an urgent need to quantify the contamination of Arctic marine waters. In this context, we studied microplastic abundance and composition within the zooplankton community off East Greenland. For the same area, we concurrently evaluated microplastic contamination of little auks (Alle alle), an Arctic seabird feeding on zooplankton while diving between 0 and 50 m. The study took place off East Greenland in July 2005 and 2014, under strongly contrasted sea-ice conditions. Among all samples, 97.2% of the debris found were filaments. Despite the remoteness of our study area, microplastic abundances were comparable to those of other oceans, with 0.99 ± 0.62 m−3 in the presence of sea-ice (2005), and 2.38 ± 1.11 m−3 in the nearby absence of sea-ice (2014). Microplastic rise between 2005 and 2014 might be linked to an increase in plastic production worldwide or to lower sea-ice extents in 2014, as sea-ice can represent a sink for microplastic particles, which are subsequently released to the water column upon melting. Crucially, all birds had eaten plastic filaments, and they collected high levels of microplastics compared to background levels with 9.99 and 8.99 pieces per chick meal in 2005 and 2014, respectively. Importantly, we also demonstrated that little auks took more often light colored microplastics, rather than darker ones, strongly suggesting an active contamination with birds mistaking microplastics for their natural prey. Overall, our study stresses the great vulnerability of Arctic marine species to microplastic pollution in a warming Arctic, where sea-ice melting is expected to release vast volumes of trapped debris.  
  Programme 388  
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  ISSN 0269-7491 ISBN 0269-7491 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6917  
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Author Helen C. Wheeler, Dominique Berteaux, Chris Furgal, Brenda Parlee, Nigel G. Yoccoz, David Grémillet doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Stakeholder Perspectives on Triage in Wildlife Monitoring in a Rapidly Changing Arctic Type Journal
  Year 2016 Publication Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 4 Issue Pages  
  Keywords Arctic monitoring decision-making Polar observation Priorization recording wildlife conservation  
  Abstract Monitoring activities provide a core contribution to wildlife conservation in the Arctic. Effective monitoring which allows changes in population status to be detected early, provides opportunities to mitigate pressures driving declines. Monitoring triage involves decisions about how and where to prioritise activities in species and ecosystem based monitoring. In particular, monitoring triage examines whether to divert resources away from species where there is high likelihood of extinction in the near-future in favour of species where monitoring activities may produce greater conservation benefits. As a place facing both rapid change with a high likelihood of population extinctions, and serious logistic and financial challenges for field data acquisition, the Arctic provides a good context in which to examine attitudes toward triage in monitoring. For effective decision-making to emerge from monitoring, multiple stakeholders must be involved in defining aims and priorities. We conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in arctic wildlife monitoring (either contributing to observation and recording of wildlife, using information from wildlife observation and recording, or using wildlife as a resource) to elicit their perspectives on triage in wildlife monitoring in the Arctic. The majority (56%) of our 23 participants were predominantly in opposition to triage, 26% were in support of triage and 17% were undecided. Representatives of Indigenous organisations were more likely to be opposed to triage than scientists and those involved in decision-making showed greatest support for triage amongst the scientist participants. Responses to the concept of triage included that: 1) The species-focussed approach associated with triage did not match their more systems-based view (5 participants), 2) Important information is generated through monitoring threatened species which advances understanding of the drivers of change, responses and ecosystem consequences (5 participants), 3) There is an obligation to try to monitor and conserve threatened species (4 participants), and 4) Monitoring needs to address local people’s needs which may be overlooked under triage (3 participants). The complexity of decision-making to create monitoring programmes that maximise benefits to biodiversity and people makes prioritisation with simple models difficult. Using scenarios to identify desirable trajectories of Arctic stewardship may be an effective means of identifying monitoring needs.  
  Programme 388  
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  ISSN 2296-701X ISBN 2296-701X Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6918  
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Author Françoise Amélineau, David Grémillet, Delphine Bonnet, Tangi Le Bot, Jérôme Fort doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Where to Forage in the Absence of Sea Ice? Bathymetry As a Key Factor for an Arctic Seabird Type Journal
  Year 2016 Publication PLOS ONE Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 11 Issue 7 Pages e0157764  
  Keywords Birds Copepods Foraging Oceans Predation Sea ice Seabirds Zooplankton  
  Abstract The earth is warming at an alarming rate, especially in the Arctic, where a marked decline in sea ice cover may have far-ranging consequences for endemic species. Little auks, endemic Arctic seabirds, are key bioindicators as they forage in the marginal ice zone and feed preferentially on lipid-rich Arctic copepods and ice-associated amphipods sensitive to the consequences of global warming. We tested how little auks cope with an ice-free foraging environment during the breeding season. To this end, we took advantage of natural variation in sea ice concentration along the east coast of Greenland. We compared foraging and diving behaviour, chick diet and growth and adult body condition between two years, in the presence versus nearby absence of sea ice in the vicinity of their breeding site. Moreover, we sampled zooplankton at sea when sea ice was absent to evaluate prey location and little auk dietary preferences. Little auks foraged in the same areas both years, irrespective of sea ice presence/concentration, and targeted the shelf break and the continental shelf. We confirmed that breeding little auks showed a clear preference for larger copepod species to feed their chick, but caught smaller copepods and nearly no ice-associated amphipod when sea ice was absent. Nevertheless, these dietary changes had no impact on chick growth and adult body condition. Our findings demonstrate the importance of bathymetry for profitable little auk foraging, whatever the sea-ice conditions. Our investigations, along with recent studies, also confirm more flexibility than previously predicted for this key species in a warming Arctic.  
  Programme 388  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1932-6203 ISBN 1932-6203 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 6919  
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