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M. Sacchettini and E. Le Meur |
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Transmission de données GPS par réseau de radio-modem en
Antarctique |
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Communication |
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2014 |
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Atelier expérimentation et instrumentation toulouse france12-13 novembre 2014 |
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1053 |
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6789 |
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Marie G. P. Cavitte, Donald D. Blankenship, Duncan A. Young, Dustin M. Schroeder, Frédéric Parrenin, Emmanuel Lemeur, Joseph A. Macgregor, Martin J. Siegert |
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Deep radiostratigraphy of the East Antarctic plateau: connecting the Dome C and Vostok ice core sites |
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2016 |
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Journal of Glaciology |
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62 |
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232 |
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323-334 |
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airborne electromagnetic soundings ice chronology/dating radio-echo sounding |
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Several airborne radar-sounding surveys are used to trace internal reflections around the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome C and Vostok ice core sites. Thirteen reflections, spanning the last two glacial cycles, are traced within 200 km of Dome C, a promising region for million-year-old ice, using the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics High-Capacity Radar Sounder. This provides a dated stratigraphy to 2318 m depth at Dome C. Reflection age uncertainties are calculated from the radar range precision and signal-to-noise ratio of the internal reflections. The radar stratigraphy matches well with the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS) radar stratigraphy obtained independently. We show that radar sounding enables the extension of ice core ages through the ice sheet with an additional radar-related age uncertainty of ~1/3–1/2 that of the ice cores. Reflections are extended along the Byrd-Totten Glacier divide, using University of Texas/Technical University of Denmark and MCoRDS surveys. However, core-to-core connection is impeded by pervasive aeolian terranes, and Lake Vostok's influence on reflection geometry. Poor radar connection of the two ice cores is attributed to these effects and suboptimal survey design in affected areas. We demonstrate that, while ice sheet internal radar reflections are generally isochronal and can be mapped over large distances, careful survey planning is necessary to extend ice core chronologies to distant regions of the East Antarctic ice sheet. |
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1053 |
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0022-1430, 1727-5652 |
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0022-1430, 1727-5652 |
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6790 |
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Charlène Gémard, Thierry Aubin, Eliette L. Reboud, Francesco Bonadonna |
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Call rate, fundamental frequency, and syntax determine male-call attractiveness in blue petrels Halobaena caerulea |
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2021 |
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Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
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75 |
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3 |
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55 |
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In blue petrels (Halobaena caerulea), females are supposed to be particularly choosy and mate choice can take a couple of years. In these lifelong monogamous seabirds, choosing a good mate is crucial and has a strong influence on their fitness. Due to their nocturnal habits, the absence of sexual dimorphism, and the physical barrier between males calling from their burrow and females flying above the colony, vocal signals seem to be one of the main channels for males to communicate with potential mates. In a previous study, we investigated whether acoustic parameters of male calls carry information about morphological characteristics that might be indicators of males’ qualities. Here, we experimentally test whether these acoustic parameters linked to male characteristics are actually attractive to females. To do so, we played back modified calls of males to females in a colony of blue petrels of the Kerguelen archipelago. We found that flying females were more attracted by high-pitched calls, and by calls broadcasted at a high call rate. Previous studies showed a relationship between pitch and bill depth and length. In filter-feeding birds, such as blue petrels, bill morphology influences feeding efficiency. A high call rate is an indicator of sexual motivation and makes the caller easier to locate by potential mates and predators in the hubbub of the colony. We thus hypothesized that producing frequent high-pitched calls appeared to be preferable for a conspicuous sexual signaling although it may increase predation risks. |
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354 |
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1432-0762 |
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7055 |
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E. Berthier, C. Vincent, E. Magnússon, Á. Þ. Gunnlaugsson, P. Pitte, E. Le Meur, M. Masiokas, L. Ruiz, F. Pálsson, J. M. C. Belart, P. Wagnon |
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Glacier topography and elevation changes derived from Pléiades sub-meter stereo images |
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2014 |
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The Cryosphere |
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8 |
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6 |
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2275-2291 |
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In response to climate change, most glaciers are losing mass and hence contribute to sea-level rise. Repeated and accurate mapping of their surface topography is required to estimate their mass balance and to extrapolate/calibrate sparse field glaciological measurements. In this study we evaluate the potential of sub-meter stereo imagery from the recently launched Pléiades satellites to derive digital elevation models (DEMs) of glaciers and their elevation changes. Our five evaluation sites, where nearly simultaneous field measurements were collected, are located in Iceland, the European Alps, the central Andes, Nepal and Antarctica. For Iceland, the Pléiades DEM is also compared to a lidar DEM. The vertical biases of the Pléiades DEMs are less than 1 m if ground control points (GCPs) are used, but reach up to 7 m without GCPs. Even without GCPs, vertical biases can be reduced to a few decimetres by horizontal and vertical co-registration of the DEMs to reference altimetric data on ice-free terrain. Around these biases, the vertical precision of the Pléiades DEMs is ±1 m and even ±0.5 m on the flat glacier tongues (1σ confidence level). Similar precision levels are obtained in the accumulation areas of glaciers and in Antarctica. We also demonstrate the high potential of Pléiades DEMs for measuring seasonal, annual and multi-annual elevation changes with an accuracy of 1 m or better if cloud-free images are available. The negative region-wide mass balances of glaciers in the Mont-Blanc area (−1.04 ± 0.23 m a−1 water equivalent, w.e.) are revealed by differencing Satellite pour l'Observation de la Terre 5 (SPOT 5) and Pléiades DEMs acquired in August 2003 and 2012, confirming the accelerated glacial wastage in the European Alps. |
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1994-0424 |
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1994-0424 |
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6792 |
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J. Mouginot, E. Rignot, Y. Gim, D. Kirchner, E. Le Meur |
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Low-frequency radar sounding of ice in East Antarctica and southern Greenland |
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2014 |
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Annals of Glaciology |
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55 |
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67 |
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138-146 |
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Antarctic glaciology ground-penetrating radar radio-echo sounding remote sensing |
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We discuss a decameter-wavelength airborne radar sounder, the Warm Ice Sounding Explorer (WISE), that provides ice thickness in areas where radar signal penetration at higher frequencies is expected to be limited. Here we report results for three campaigns conducted in Greenland (2008, 2009, 2010) and two in Antarctica (2009, 2010). Comparisons with higher-frequency radar data indicate an accuracy of ±55 m for ice-thickness measurements in Greenland and ±25 m in Antarctica. We also estimate ice thickness of the Qassimiut lobe in southwest Greenland, where few ice-thickness measurements have been made, demonstrating that WISE penetrates in strongly scattering environments. |
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1053 |
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0260-3055, 1727-5644 |
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0260-3055, 1727-5644 |
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6793 |
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Duncan A. Young, Laura E. Lindzey, Donald D. Blankenship, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Alvaro Garcia De Gorordo, Scott D. Kempf, Jason L. Roberts, Roland C. Warner, Tas Van Ommen, Martin J. Siegert, Emmanuel Le Meur |
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Land-ice elevation changes from photon-counting swath altimetry: first applications over the Antarctic ice sheet |
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2015 |
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Journal of Glaciology |
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61 |
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225 |
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17-28 |
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Antarctic glaciology aerogeophysical measurements glacier mapping glaciological instruments and methods ice-sheet mass balance |
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Satellite altimetric time series allow high-precision monitoring of ice-sheet mass balance. Understanding elevation changes in these regions is important because outlet glaciers along ice-sheet margins are critical in controlling flow of inland ice. Here we discuss a new airborne altimetry dataset collected as part of the ICECAP (International Collaborative Exploration of the Cryosphere by Airborne Profiling) project over East Antarctica. Using the ALAMO (Airborne Laser Altimeter with Mapping Optics) system of a scanning photon-counting lidar combined with a laser altimeter, we extend the 2003–09 surface elevation record of NASA’s ICESat satellite, by determining cross-track slope and thus independently correcting for ICESat’s cross-track pointing errors. In areas of high slope, cross-track errors result in measured elevation change that combines surface slope and the actual Δz/Δt signal. Slope corrections are particularly important in coastal ice streams, which often exhibit both rapidly changing elevations and high surface slopes. As a test case (assuming that surface slopes do not change significantly) we observe a lack of ice dynamic change at Cook Ice Shelf, while significant thinning occurred at Totten and Denman Glaciers during 2003–09. |
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0022-1430, 1727-5652 |
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0022-1430, 1727-5652 |
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6794 |
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Vincent A. Viblanc, Quentin Schull, Tina Cornioley, Antoine Stier, Jean-Jérôme Ménard, René Groscolas, Jean-Patrice Robin |
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An integrative appraisal of the hormonal and metabolic changes induced by acute stress using king penguins as a model |
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2017 |
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General and Comparative Endocrinology |
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Allostasis Cortisol Homeostasis Metabolism Reactive scope Seabird |
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A large number of studies have focused on the reactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis and the consequences of glucocorticoids (GC) in mediating life-history trade-offs. Although short-term increases in GCs are viewed as adaptive, mobilizing energy substrates allowing animals to deal with impending threats (e.g. stimulating hepatic gluconeogenesis, stimulating lipolysis, mobilizing amino acids), few studies have actually measured the exact time-course of substrate mobilisation in response to acute stress in natural conditions. We evaluated the hormonal and metabolic components of the stress response to acute stress in 32 free-living king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus). We monitored changes in blood GCs (corticosterone, CORT), glucose, lactate, ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate), non-esterified fatty acids, and uric acid in response to a standardized capture-restraint protocol lasting for up to 90min. Furthermore, we tested whether the vigilance status of the animal (alert or asleep) affected its perception of the capture, thereby modulating the hormonal and metabolic stress responses. The time course of energy mobilisation followed the characteristic pattern expected from laboratory and theoretical models, with a rapid depletion of those energy stores linked to rapid adrenergic responses (i.e. glucose and ketone bodies), followed by a mobilisation of energy stores associated with the sustained longer-term GC response (i.e. fats and protein stores). HPA reactivity was generally slower than reported in other birds, and there was high inter-individual variability. Sleeping birds had higher GC and glucose responses to acute stress, suggesting a more rapid mobilization of energy stores. Our results highlight the importance of considering HPA and metabolic responses to acute stress against species-specific life history and ecological relevant backgrounds. |
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119 |
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0016-6480 |
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0016-6480 |
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6796 |
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Téchiné P., B. Buisson, L. Testut, T. Delcroix, G. Alory. |
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Suivi de la qualité des mesures de réseaux d'observations océanographiques. |
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Non peer-reviewed symposium |
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2016 |
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Journées sist 2016 : séries interopérables et systèmes de traitement, 29-30 septembre 2016, montpellier. |
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Suivi de la qualité des mesures de réseaux d’observations océanographiques
Téchiné, B. Buisson, L. Testut, T. Delcroix, G. Alory, LEGOS/OMP, Toulouse Le LEGOS (Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiale, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées de Toulouse) assure la tâche de plusieurs réseaux de mesures in situ dont : - Le réseau SSS, Sea Surface Salinity (http://www.legos.obs-mip.fr/observations/sss) labellisé Service National d’Observation. Il fait partie du SOERE CTDO2 (Coriolis Temps Différé Observations Océaniques) et du programme international GOSUD (Global Ocean Surface Underway Data). Il est basé sur des thermosalinographes embarqués sur une douzaine de navires marchands d’opportunité (programme VOS : Voluntary Observing Ships) sillonnant tous les océans. Les applications scientifiques concernent principalement l’étude de la variabilité du climat et du cycle de l’eau, ainsi que la validation des données des satellites SMOS et Aquarius, des sorties de modèles et l’étalonnage de mesures de paléo-salinité déduites de carottes coralliennes.
- Le Réseau d’Observation Subantarctique et Antarctique du niveau de la MEr ROSAME (http://www.legos.obs-mip.fr/observations/rosame). Il fait partie du Service National d’Observation et SOERE labellisé SONEL (Système d'observation des variations du niveau de la mer à long‐terme) et du programme international GLOSS (Global Sea Level Observing System). Il est composé de marégraphes implantés sur les Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises. Les applications scientifiques concernent principalement l’étude des marées océaniques et des variations du niveau de la mer, ainsi que la validation d’observations satellitaires.
Sur chaque site ou navire, des stations d’acquisition réalisent automatiquement des observations du niveau de la mer (ROSAME) et de la salinité de surface océanique (SSS). Les mesures sont enregistrées en mémoire, puis regroupées dans des messages transmis au LEGOS via les systèmes satellites Argos pour ROSAME, Inmarsat ou Iridium pour SSS. Un traitement entièrement automatisé permet de recevoir, traiter et archiver les mesures acquises par les réseaux d’observations. Un contrôle qualité, basé sur des tests recommandés par le programme international GOSUD, est effectué à chaque étape du traitement des données : Tests de l’expéditeur du message, de l’identifiant du site ou du navire, du format de la télémesure, des date et heure, des valeurs des mesures sont effectués automatiquement. En cas de problème, la messagerie électronique est utilisée comme un système d’alarme pour avertir les gestionnaires des réseaux d’observations qui peuvent déclencher, le cas échéant, une intervention sur le site de mesure. Le suivi des réseaux d’observations est accessible sur le site web du LEGOS dans des pages web dynamiques. Celles-ci rassemblent les cartes des positions des marégraphes ROSAME et des trajets des navires VOS-SSS, ainsi que les courbes des mesures des capteurs. Des comparaisons avec des climatologies permettent de qualifier la qualité des mesures SSS. Des mesures mensuelles de contrôles à l’échelle de marée permettent de suivre la stabilité de la référence verticale du marégraphe ROSAME de Kerguelen. Des informations pour la télésurveillance des stations d’acquisition sont également disponibles. Des indicateurs, mis à jour chaque mois sur le site web du LEGOS, permettent de suivre, sur le long terme, la répartition et la qualité des mesures reçues. Depuis la mise en place du traitement automatisé en 2003 jusqu’à aujourd’hui, plus de 860000 messages ont été reçus et traités au LEGOS, totalisant plus de 20000 jours d’observations du niveau de la mer dans les Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises, et plus de 25000 jours d’observation de la salinité de surface sur l’océan global.
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6797 |
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Téchiné P., B. Buisson, L. Testut, T. Delcroix, G. Alory. |
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Suivi de réseaux d’observations océanographiques au LEGOS. |
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Non peer-reviewed symposium |
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2015 |
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Sist 15 : séries interopérables et systèmes de traitement, 24-25 septembre 2015, marseille. |
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Suivi de réseaux d’observations océanographiques au LEGOS
Philippe Téchiné, Bruno Buisson, Laurent Testut, Thierry Delcroix, Gaël Alory
LEGOS/OMP, Toulouse Le LEGOS (Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS) assure la tâche de 4 Services d’Observations labellisés par l’INSU dont les réseaux de mesure in situ ROSAME et SSS.
ROSAME est le Réseau d’Observation Subantarctique et Antarctique du niveau de la MEr (programme international GLOSS : Global Sea Level Observing System). Il est composé de marégraphes implantés sur les Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises. Les applications scientifiques concernent principalement l’étude des marées océaniques et des variations du niveau de la mer, ainsi que la validation d’observations satellitaires.
SSS, Sea Surface Salinity, est le réseau d’observation de la salinité de surface océanique (programme international GOSUD : Global Ocean Surface Underway Data). Il est basé sur des thermosalinographes embarqués sur une douzaine de navires marchands d’opportunité (programme VOS : Voluntary Observing Ships) sillonnant tous les océans. Les applications scientifiques concernent principalement l’étude de la variabilité du climat et du cycle de l’eau, ainsi que la validation des données des satellites SMOS et Aquarius. Sur chaque site ou navire, des stations d’acquisition réalisent automatiquement des observations du niveau de la mer (ROSAME) et de la salinité de surface océanique (SSS). Les mesures sont enregistrées en mémoire, puis regroupées dans des messages transmis au LEGOS via les systèmes satellites Argos pour ROSAME, Inmarsat ou Iridium pour SSS. Depuis 2003, un traitement entièrement automatisé, basé sur des modules génériques écrits avec le langage Perl (orienté objet), permet de recevoir, traiter et archiver les mesures acquises par les réseaux d’observations. Un contrôle qualité, basé sur des tests recommandés par le programme international GOSUD, est effectué à chaque étape du traitement des données ROSAME et SSS. En cas de problème (exemple : Date/heure non réaliste), la messagerie électronique est utilisée comme un système d’alarme pour avertir les gestionnaires des réseaux d’observations qui peuvent déclencher, le cas échéant, une intervention sur le site de mesure. Pour SSS, en fin de traitement, les observations sont mises à jour sur le site FTP du LEGOS suivant le format d’échange de données GOSUD et téléchargées quotidiennement par le centre d’océanographie opérationnelle Coriolis. Pour ROSAME, les observations sont mises à jour sur le site FTP du LEGOS suivant le format d’échange de données GLOSS et régulièrement envoyées à l’UHSLC (University of Hawaii Sea Level Center) dans le cadre de GLOSS où elles sont librement accessibles à la communauté scientifique. Le suivi des réseaux d’observations est accessible sur le site web du LEGOS dans des pages web dynamiques basées sur le module Perl CGI. Celles-ci rassemblent les cartes des positions des marégraphes ROSAME et des trajets des navires VOS-SSS, ainsi que les courbes de mesures des capteurs. Des informations pour un suivi opérationnel de l’état de l’océan et de télésurveillance des stations d’acquisition sont également disponibles. Des indicateurs, mis à jour chaque mois sur le site web du LEGOS, permettent de suivre, sur le long terme, la répartition et la qualité des mesures reçues. Depuis sa mise en place jusqu’à aujourd’hui, plus de 780 000 messages ont été reçus et traités au LEGOS, totalisant plus de 17 000 jours d’observations du niveau de la mer dans les Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises, et plus de 20 000 jours d’observation de la salinité de surface sur l’océan global.
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Testut L. |
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Sea Level Variations over the recording era: A focus on the Southern Ocean. |
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Habilitation à diriger des recherches. université paul sabatier, toulouse, france, soutenue le 25 mars 2015. |
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