| Records |
| Author |
Gamble, A., Garnier, R. & Boulinier, T. |
| Title |
(Next Generation Serology:) integrating cross-sectional and capture-recapture data to infer disease dynamics from serological data |
Type |
Communication |
| Year |
2017 |
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Oral communication at the meeting of the Immunoecology group of Réseau Ecologie des Interactions Durables, Montpellier, 14-15 Septembre 2017. |
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1151 |
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yes |
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6765 |
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Bourret, V., Tornos, J., Jaeger, A., Gamble, A., Ramos, R., Kada, S., Bazire, R., Le Berre, H., Giraud, N., Thibault, E., Gantelet, H., , Thiebot, J.-b., Barbraud, C., Delord, K., Weimerkirch, H., Garnier, R. &Amp; Boulinier, T. |
| Title |
Testing a vaccine against avian cholera in albatrosses. Combining observational and experimental data in a remote seabird community. |
Type |
Communication |
| Year |
2017 |
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Communication atMicrobiOccinatnie 2017 – 1ère reconcontre des Microbiologistes Région Occinatie, 24-26 Avril 2017, Toulouse. |
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1151 |
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yes |
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6766 |
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| Author |
Pejić Tanja, Tkalčić Hrvoje, Sambridge Malcolm, Cormier Vernon F., Benavente Roberto |
| Title |
Attenuation tomography of the upper inner core |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
122 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
3008-3032 |
| Keywords |
attenuation inner core tomography |
| Abstract |
Abstract The solidification of the Earth's inner core shapes its texture and rheology, affecting the attenuation and scattering of seismic body waves transmitted through it. Applying attenuation tomography in a Bayesian framework to 398 high?quality PKIKP waveforms, we invert for the apparent Qp for the uppermost 400?km below the inner core boundary at latitudes 45°S to 45°N. We use damping and smoothing for regularization of the inversion, and it seems that the smoothing regularization combined with the discrepancy principle works better for this particular problem of attenuation tomography. The results are consistent with a regional variation in inner core attenuation more complex than hemispherical, suggesting coupling between inner core solidification and the thermal structure of the lowermost mantle. |
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133 |
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| ISSN |
2169-9313 |
ISBN |
2169-9313 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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6767 |
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| Author |
Creasy Neala, Long Maureen D., Ford Heather A. |
| Title |
Deformation in the lowermost mantle beneath Australia from observations and models of seismic anisotropy |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
122 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
5243-5267 |
| Keywords |
anisotropy lowermost mantle mantle dynamics postperovskite shear wave splitting |
| Abstract |
Abstract Observations of seismic anisotropy near the core?mantle boundary may yield constraints on patterns of lowermost mantle flow. We examine seismic anisotropy in the lowermost mantle beneath Australia, bounded by the African and Pacific Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces. We combined measurements of differential splitting of SKS?SKKS and S?ScS phases sampling our study region over a range of azimuths, using data from 10 long?running seismic stations. Observations reveal complex and laterally heterogeneous anisotropy in the lowermost mantle. We identified two subregions for which we have robust measurements of D??associated splitting for a range of ray propagation directions and applied a forward modeling strategy to understand which anisotropic scenarios are consistent with the observations. We tested a variety of elastic tensors and orientations, including single?crystal elasticity of lowermost mantle minerals (bridgmanite, postperovskite, and ferropericlase), tensors based on texture modeling in postperovskite aggregates, elasticity predicted from deformation experiments on polycrystalline MgO aggregates, and tensors that approximate the shape preferred orientation of partial melt. We find that postperovskite scenarios are more consistently able to reproduce the observations. Beneath New Zealand, the observations suggest a nearly horizontal [100] axis orientation with an azimuth that agrees well with the horizontal flow direction predicted by previous mantle flow models. Our modeling results further suggest that dominant slip on the (010) plane in postperovskite aggregates provides a good fit to the data but the solution is nonunique. Our results have implications for the mechanisms of deformation and anisotropy in the lowermost mantle and for the patterns of mantle flow. |
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133 |
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2169-9313 |
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2169-9313 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6768 |
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| Author |
Z. Duputel, L. Rivera |
| Title |
Long-period analysis of the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
265 |
Issue |
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Pages |
62-66 |
| Keywords |
Earthquake Megathrust New Zealand Strike-slip Surface waves |
| Abstract |
The recent Mw=7.8 Kaikoura (New Zealand) earthquake involved a remarkably complex rupture propagating in an intricate network of faults at the transition between the Alpine fault in the South Island and the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone. We investigate the main features of this complicated rupture process using long-period seismological observations. Apparent Rayleigh-wave moment-rate functions reveal a clear northeastward directivity with an unusually weak rupture initiation during 60s followed by a major 20s burst of moment rate. To further explore the rupture process, we perform a Bayesian exploration of multiple point-source parameters in a 3-D Earth model. The results show that the rupture initiated as a small strike-slip rupture and propagated to the northeast, triggering large slip on both strike-slip and thrust faults. The Kaikoura earthquake is thus a rare instance in which slip on intraplate faults trigger extensive interplate thrust faulting. This clearly outlines the importance of accounting for secondary faults when assessing seismic and tsunami hazard in subduction zones. |
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133 |
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0031-9201 |
ISBN |
0031-9201 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6769 |
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| Author |
Helffrich George |
| Title |
Ground Truth |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Deep Earth |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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anisotropy density liquid outer core seismic wave speeds seismological properties solid inner core |
| Abstract |
Summary The seismologically observed structures of both the solid inner core and the liquid outer core are the ground truth for the material properties of solid and liquid iron and its alloying elements. The key properties, from a materials science standpoint, are density, seismic wave speeds, and anisotropy. The anisotropy of the inner core does not appear to be simple; it varies laterally at the same radial level as well as varying radially. Four themes including uncertainty, model variability, virtues of solid vs. liquid properties, and composition, are the focus of this chapter. Their elaboration hopefully help present and future investigators of the physical state and composition of the core understand the problems associated with certain types of data and to focus experimental work on avenues of research providing tight observational constraints on the core's character. |
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133 |
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9781118992487 |
ISBN |
9781118992487 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
6770 |
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| Author |
Xiao Gang Hu |
| Title |
Observations of the azimuthal dependence of normal mode coupling below 4mHz at the South Pole and its nearby stations: Insights into the anisotropy beneath the Transantarctic Mountains |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
257 |
Issue |
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Pages |
57-78 |
| Keywords |
Anisotropy Normal-mode coupling Quasi-Love wave Shear-wave splitting South Pole Transantarctic Mountains |
| Abstract |
Normal mode coupling pair 0S26–0T26 and 0S27–0T27 are significantly present at the South Pole station QSPA after the 2011/03/11 Mw9.1 Tohoku earthquake. In an attempt to determine the mechanisms responsible for the coupling pairs, I first investigate mode observations at 43 stations distributed along the polar great-circle path for the earthquake and observations at 32 Antarctic stations. I rule out the effect of Earth’s rotation as well as the effect of global large-scale lateral heterogeneity, but argue instead for the effect of small-scale local azimuthal anisotropy in a depth extent about 300km. The presence of quasi-Love waveform in 2–5mHz at QSPA and its nearby stations confirms the predication. Secondly, I analyze normal mode observations at the South Pole location after 28 large earthquakes from 1998 to 2015. The result indicates that the presence of the mode coupling is azimuthal dependent, which is related to event azimuths in −46° to −18°. I also make a comparison between the shear-wave splitting measurements of previous studies and the mode coupling observations of this study, suggesting that their difference can be explained by a case that the anisotropy responsible for the mode coupling is not just below the South Pole location but located below region close to the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM). Furthermore, more signals of local azimuthal anisotropy in normal-mode observations at QSPA and SBA, such as coupling of 0S12-0T11 and vertical polarization anomaly for 0T10, confirms the existence of deep anisotropy close to TAM, which may be caused by asthenospheric mantle flow and edge convection around cratonic keel of TAM. |
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133 |
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0031-9201 |
ISBN |
0031-9201 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6771 |
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| Author |
Dmitry Krasnoshchekov, Petr Kaazik, Elena Kozlovskaya, Vladimir Ovtchinnikov |
| Title |
Seismic Structures in the Earth’s Inner Core Below Southeastern Asia |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Pure and Applied Geophysics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
173 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1575-1591 |
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| Abstract |
Documenting seismic heterogeneities in the Earth’s inner core (IC) is important in terms of getting an insight into its history and dynamics. A valuable means for studying properties and spatial structure of such heterogeneities is provided by measurements of body waves refracted in the vicinity of the inner core boundary (ICB). Here, we investigate eastern hemisphere of the solid core by means of PKPBC–PKPDF differential travel times that sample depths from 140 to 360 km below its boundary. We study 292 polar and 133 equatorial residuals measured over the traces that probe roughly the same volume of the IC in both planes. Equatorial residuals show slight spatial variations in the sampled IC volume mostly below the level of 0.5 %, whereas polar residuals are up to three times as big, direction dependent and can exhibit higher local variations. The measurements reveal fast changes in seismic velocity within a restricted volume of the IC. We interpret the observations in terms of anisotropy and check against several anisotropy models few of which have been found capable of fitting the residuals scatter. We particularly quantify the model where a dipping discontinuity separates fully isotropic roof of the IC from its anisotropic body, whereas the depth of isotropy–anisotropy transition increases in southeast direction from 190 km below Southeastern Asia (off the coast of China) to 350 km beneath Australia. Another acceptable model cast in terms of localized anisotropic heterogeneities is valid if 33 largest polar measurements over the rays sampling a small volume below Southeastern Asia and the rest of polar data are treated separately. This model envisages almost isotropic eastern hemisphere of the IC at least down to the depth of 360 km below the ICB and constrains the anisotropic volume only to the ranges of North latitudes from 18° to 23°, East longitudes from 125° to 135° and depths exceeding 170 km. The anisotropy strength in either model is about 2 %. Further effective pursuit of the models presents challenges in terms of resolution and coverage and basically requires a significant dataset extension. |
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133 |
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| ISSN |
0033-4553, 1420-9136 |
ISBN |
0033-4553, 1420-9136 |
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yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6772 |
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| Author |
M. Leduc-Leballeur, G. Picard, G. Macelloni, L. Arnaud, M. Brogioni, A. Mialon, Y. H. Kerr |
| Title |
Influence of snow surface properties on L-band brightness temperature at Dome C, Antarctica |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
199 |
Issue |
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Pages |
427-436 |
| Keywords |
Cryosphere Microwave SMOS Snow emission modeling |
| Abstract |
L-band radiometer measurements collected over the Dome~C area from 2010 to 2015 indicated that the brightness temperature (TB) was relatively stable at vertical (V) polarization (standard deviation lower than 1K at annual scale), while it was slightly more variable at horizontal (H) polarization. During the 2014–2015 austral summer, an exceptional situation was recorded by both the DOMEX ground radiometer and the European Space Agency (ESA)’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite. From November 2014 to March 2015, TB H showed a progressive and significant increase until 20 March 2015 when it sharply decreased by about 5K (at 52.5° incidence angle) within a few days. In parallel to the increase in TB H, glaciological and meteorological in situ measurements showed a wind speed that was lower than usual and a low-density snow layer being progressively set up on the surface. This was consistent with the exceptional hoar event observed, as well as with snow accumulation on the surface. On the other hand, the decrease in TB H was related to the passing over Dome C of a storm that removed or compacted the layer of light snow on the surface. The WALOMIS (Wave Approach for LOw-frequency MIcrowave emission in Snow) snow-emission model was used with in situ measurements of the snowpack as inputs for evaluating the effect of changes observed on the snow surface in TB H. The simulations indicated that the surface snow density variations were sufficient for predicting the increasing and decreasing trends of the TB H. However, the thickness variations of the superficial layer were essential so as to obtain a better agreement with the SMOS observations. This result confirmed that the L-band TB H was affected by the snow properties of the top centimeters of the snowpack, in spite of the large penetration depth (hundreds of meters). Both the surface snow density and the thickness of the superficial layer were relevant, due to coherent interference effects. |
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1110 |
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| ISSN |
0034-4257 |
ISBN |
0034-4257 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6774 |
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| Author |
J. Bock, J. Savarino, G. Picard |
| Title |
Air–snow exchange of nitrate: a modelling approach to investigate physicochemical processes in surface snow at Dome C, Antarctica |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Atmos. Chem. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
12531-12550 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Snowpack is a multiphase (photo)chemical reactor that strongly influences the air composition in polar and snow-covered regions. Snowpack plays a special role in the nitrogen cycle, as it has been shown that nitrate undergoes numerous recycling stages (including photolysis) in the snow before being permanently buried in the ice. However, the current understanding of these physicochemical processes remains very poor. Several modelling studies have attempted to reproduce (photo)chemical reactions inside snow grains, but these have relied on strong assumptions to characterise snow reactive properties, which are not well defined. Air–snow exchange processes such as adsorption, solid-state diffusion, or co-condensation also affect snow chemical composition. Here, we present a physically based model of these processes for nitrate. Using as input a 1-year-long time series of atmospheric nitrate concentration measured at Dome C, Antarctica, our model reproduces with good agreement the nitrate measurements in the surface snow. By investigating the relative importance of the main exchange processes, this study shows that, on the one hand, the combination of bulk diffusion and co-condensation allows a good reproduction of the measurements (correlation coefficient r = 0.95), with a correct amplitude and timing of summer peak concentration of nitrate in snow. During winter, nitrate concentration in surface snow is mainly driven by thermodynamic equilibrium, whilst the peak observed in summer is explained by the kinetic process of co-condensation. On the other hand, the adsorption of nitric acid on the surface of the snow grains, constrained by an already existing parameterisation for the isotherm, fails to fit the observed variations. During winter and spring, the modelled concentration of adsorbed nitrate is respectively 2.5 and 8.3-fold higher than the measured one. A strong diurnal variation driven by the temperature cycle and a peak occurring in early spring are two other major features that do not match the measurements. This study clearly demonstrates that co-condensation is the most important process to explain nitrate incorporation in snow undergoing temperature gradient metamorphism. The parameterisation developed for this process can now be used as a foundation piece in snowpack models to predict the inter-relationship between snow physical evolution and snow nitrate chemistry. |
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1110 |
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| ISSN |
1680-7324 |
ISBN |
1680-7324 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6776 |
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