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. (2014). Trace elements in tissues of white-chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis) from Kerguelen waters, Southern Indian Ocean
. Polar Biol., 37(6), 763–771-.
Keywords: Heavy metals, Seabirds, Procellariiformes, Southern Ocean, Sub-Antarctic Islands,
Programme: 109
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. (2015). Telomere length reflects individual quality in free-living adult king penguins
. Polar Biol., 38(12), 2059–2067.
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. (2014). Comparative salinity tolerance in native flies from the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands: a metabolomic approach
. Polar Biol., 39(1), 47–56.
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. (2015). The rime of the modern mariner: evidence for capture of yellow-nosed albatross from Amsterdam Island in Indian Ocean longline fisheries
. Polar Biol., 38(8), 1297–1300.
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Thomas Saucède, Angie Díaz, Benjamin Pierrat, Javier Sellanes, Bruno David, Jean-Pierre Féral & Elie Poulin. (2015). The phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of Sterechinus bernasconiae Larrain, 1975 (Echinodermata, Echinoidea), an enigmatic Chilean sea urchin. . Polar Biol., 38(8), 1223–1237.
Abstract: Sterechinus is a very common echinoid genus in benthic communities of the Southern Ocean. It is widely distributed across the Antarctic and South Atlantic Oceans and has been the most frequently collected and intensively studied Antarctic echinoid. Despite the abundant literature devoted to Sterechinus, few studies have questioned the systematics of the genus. Sterechinus bernasconiae is the only species of Sterechinus reported from the Pacific Ocean and is only known from the few specimens of the original material. Based on new material collected during the oceanographic cruise INSPIRE on board the R/V Melville, the taxonomy and phylogenetic position of the species are revised. Molecular and morphological analyses show that S. bernasconiae is a subjective junior synonym of Gracilechinus multidentatus (Clark). Results also show the existence of two genetically distinct subclades within the so-called Sterechinus clade: a Sterechinus neumayeri subclade and a subclade composed of other Sterechinus species. The three nominal species Sterechinus antarcticus, Sterechinus diadema, and Sterechinus agassizi cluster together and cannot be distinguished. The species Sterechinus dentifer is weakly differentiated from these three nominal species. The elucidation of phylogenetic relationships between G. multidentatus and species of Sterechinus also allows for clarification of respective biogeographic distributions and emphasizes the putative role played by biotic exclusion in the spatial distribution of species.
Programme: 1044
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Gonzalez-Wevar C., Chown S.L., Morley S.A, Coria N., Saucede T., Poulin E. (2016). Out of Antarctica: Quaternary colonization of sub-Antarctic Marion Island by the limpet genus Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae). Polar Biol., 39(1).
Abstract: The distribution of the Southern Ocean nearshore marine benthic fauna is the consequence of major geologic, oceanographic, and climatic changes during the last 50 Ma. As a result, a main biogeographic principle in the Southern Ocean is the clear distinction of the Antarctic biota. The Antarctic Polar Front (APF) represents an important barrier between Antarctica and other sub-Antarctic provinces. However, the high degree of genetic affinity between populations of the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna and its sub-Antarctic relative Nacella delesserti from Marion Island stands against this tenet. Here, we performed new phylogenetic reconstructions in Nacella with special emphasis on the relationship between N. concinna and N.delesserti. Similarly, we performed population-based analyses in N. concinna and N. delesserti to further understand the genetic legacy of the Quaternary glacial cycles. Phylogenetic reconstructions recognized N. concinna and N. delesserti as two closely but distinct monophyletic entities and therefore as valid evolutionary units. The cladogenetic process separating them occurred ~0.35 Ma and is consistent with the origin of Marion Island (~0.45 Ma). Exceptional long-distance dispersal between provinces located inside and outside the APF, rather than revealing the permeability of the Antarctic Polar Front, seems to be related to latitudinal shift in the position of the APF during coldest periods of the Quaternary. Diversity indices, neutrality tests, haplotype networks, and demographic inference analysis showed that the demography of both species exhibits a clear signal of postglacial expansion.
Programme: 1044
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Thiers, L.,Delord K.,Bost, C.A., Guinet, C., Weimerskirch, H. (2016). Important marine sectors for the top predator community aroundKerguelen Archipelago. Polar Biol., 40(2), 365–378.
Abstract: The French Kerguelen Archipelago represents an important breeding place for many species of marine top predators within the Southern Ocean, making the plateau hosting the archipelago and surrounding waters (CCAMLR area 58.5) a crucial area to design conservation measures.In this study, available tracking data from nine species of seabirds and marine mammals breeding at Kerguelen were analysed to define potential boundaries for a Marine Protected Area. Maps of time spent per square of each species were first used to describe high-use areas within the KerguelenPlateau. Habitat models were then developed for four species (Black-browed albatross, Wandering albatross,King penguin and Antarctic fur seal) chosen on the basis of their contrasted foraging ecology and diet to represent the top predator community. Predictive models were then applied to the main colonies of the four species for which no tracking data were available to illustrate the most important feeding areas at the scale of the entire study zone. An area delineated by the central part of the plateau and its slopes appeared to be of great importance for the toppredators’ community and would appropriately complete the limits of the existing Australian marine reserve of Heard and McDonald Islands.
Programme: 394
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. (2015). The Recent Evolution of a Maternally-Inherited Endosymbiont of Ticks Led to the Emergence of the Q Fever Pathogen, Coxiella burnetii.
. PLoS Pathog., 11(5), e1004892.
Abstract: Q fever is a highly infectious disease with a worldwide distribution. Its causative agent, the intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, infects a variety of vertebrate species, including humans. Its evolutionary origin remains almost entirely unknown and uncertainty persists regarding the identity and lifestyle of its ancestors. A few tick species were recently found to harbor maternally-inherited Coxiella-like organisms engaged in symbiotic interactions, but their relationships to the Q fever pathogen remain unclear. Here, we extensively sampled ticks, identifying new and atypical Coxiella strains from 40 of 58 examined species, and used this data to infer the evolutionary processes leading to the emergence of C. burnetii. Phylogenetic analyses of multi-locus typing and whole-genome sequencing data revealed that Coxiella-like organisms represent an ancient and monophyletic group allied to ticks. Remarkably, all known C. burnetii strains originate within this group and are the descendants of a Coxiella-like progenitor hosted by ticks. Using both colony-reared and field-collected gravid females, we further establish the presence of highly efficient maternal transmission of these Coxiella-like organisms in four examined tick species, a pattern coherent with an endosymbiotic lifestyle. Our laboratory culture assays also showed that these Coxiella-like organisms were not amenable to culture in the vertebrate cell environment, suggesting different metabolic requirements compared to C. burnetii. Altogether, this corpus of data demonstrates that C. burnetii recently evolved from an inherited symbiont of ticks which succeeded in infecting vertebrate cells, likely by the acquisition of novel virulence factors.
Programme: 333
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Bachir F., Baise E. & Loppes R. (1996). Mutants impaired in derepressible Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Sci., 119, 93–101.
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. (2010). First Report of Nasturtium as a Natural Host of Cherry leaf roll virus on Amsterdam Island
. Plant Dis., 94, 477.
Abstract: Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) is a well-known virus belonging to the genus Nepovirus, but unlike most members of this genus, it is not known to be transmitted by nematodes but only through seeds and pollen. Since its first description in 1955 on Prunus avium L. in England (1), CLRV has been shown to have a worldwide distribution and a wide natural host range. During a survey of plant viruses in the French sub-Antarctic islands, samples from nasturtium plants (Tropaeolum majus), an introduced plant species, showing symptoms of leaf mosaic, deformation, and veinal necrosis were collected on Amsterdam Island. Upon mechanical transmission with sap extracts, necrotic ringspot and oak-leaf symptoms typical of Nepovirus infection were observed on the leaves of inoculated Nicotiana clevelandii and N. tabacum plants. Inoculation of healthy nasturtium plants resulted in mosaic and pin-point necrosis symptoms. Electron microscopy on negatively stained sap extracts revealed the presence of icosahedral virions, 28 to ...
Programme: 136
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