| Records |
| Author |
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| Title |
Breeding ecology of the gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua at Kerguelen Archipelago
|
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Polar Biol. |
| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1495 -1505 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
| Abstract |
The gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is one of the most widespread penguin species and has been proven to be highly plastic in many aspects of its ecology. However, data from their sub-Antarctic range suggest an unexplained decline of their populations over the last 1020 years, stressing the need for additional knowledge on their breeding ecology and demography. The present study provides insights into the breeding ecology of the gentoo penguin at a major breeding site, Kerguelen Archipelago, over three breeding seasons (1987, 2002 and 2003). Similarly to other northern populations, gentoo penguins breeding at Kerguelen exhibited winter laying, slow provisioning rate, slow growth rate associated with an extended rearing period and relatively low breeding success compared to southern populations. Our study also revealed interannual differences in the timing of laying and growth parameters as well as unusual sex differences in parental investment. Despite their high plasticity, there are indications that gentoo penguins at the northern edge of their range might work at the upper limit of their capacities. Sub-Antarctic populations would, therefore, be more sensitive to environmental changes than more southerly ones and need to be closely monitored.
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| Programme |
394 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0722-4060 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
2261 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Jaffal A, Paris-Palacios S, Jolly S, Thailly A F, Delahaut L, Beall E, Roche H, Biagianti-Risbourg S, Betoulle S, |
| Title |
Cadmium and copper contents in a freshwater fish species (brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis) from the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
397 -409 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
The subantarctic Kerguelen Islands (49 degrees S, 70 degrees E) contain freshwaters among the most isolated in the world from direct human activities. Cadmium and copper concentrations were analyzed in muscle and liver tissues of 57 non-migratory brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) inhabiting the Sud River of Kerguelen Islands. The mean cadmium concentration in liver was 1.13 mu g/g dry wt, within the range of levels measured in liver of marine fish from the Southern Ocean. Muscular Cd levels (0.12 mu g/g dry wt) were roughly ten times higher than those measured in Kerguelen's marine fish species. Copper levels were very high in the two organs (62.27 mu g/g dry wt in liver and 3.02 mu g/g dry wt in muscle) compared to those detected in fish from the Southern Ocean. Regarding the seasonal trend, the highest Cu and Cd muscular levels were measured in fish at the end of the austral winter, whereas the highest hepatic levels were observed at the end of the austral summer. Moreover, hepatic cadmium levels were higher in females than in males. These results could be related to brook trout spawning physiological preparations and foraging behavior during the summer period. We provide here the first results about Cu and Cd levels in liver and muscle of a freshwater fish species in an insular subantarctic context. They are in agreement with the high cadmium contamination found in fish of the Southern Ocean.
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| Programme |
409;1041 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0722-4060 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
2620 |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Introduced black rats Rattus rattus on Ile de la Possession (Iles Crozet, Subantarctic): diet and trophic position in food webs
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
169-180 -180 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
| Abstract |
Rats introduced on islands can affect ecosystem structure and function by feeding on terrestrial plants and both marine and terrestrial animals. The diet and trophic position of Rattus rattus introduced on Ile de la Possession (Iles Crozet) was assessed from two sites, according to the presence or absence of a king penguin colony. We used three complementary assays: macroanalyses of the stomach, faecal microhistology, and stable isotope analyses of 15N/13C in liver. Near the rookery, spermatophytes contributed on average 50% (confidential interval: 2375) to the diet based on isotopes, mainly consisting in reproductive parts of Poa spp., Agrostis magellanica, and Cerastium fontanum identified in faeces. Terrestrial animal preys were represented by insects that contributed 25% (056) in isotopes, dominated in faeces by caterpillars of Pringleophaga spp. and adult weevils. Bird remains were found in faeces, forming 18% (630) of isotopes. Terrestrial earthworms contributed to 7% (021), with chaetae observed in faeces. On the other site, spermatophytes represented 62% (5173) of assimilated food in rats livers, mainly formed by Poaceae and Acaena magellanica, insects by caterpillars [24% (1039)], and terrestrial earthworms [13% (223)]. Our results suggest that rats, which were found at the top of terrestrial food chains, may have a direct role on a such simplified ecosystem, by preying on the most abundant and largest body-sized terrestrial invertebrates,e.g. the keystone species Pringleophaga spp., and by feeding on both reproductive and vegetative parts of autochthonous and introduced plants. The discrepancies and usefulness of employing both isotopes and faecal analyses are discussed. |
| Programme |
136 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0722-4060 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
2671 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Authier Matthieu, Delord Karine, Guinet Christophe, |
| Title |
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
319-328 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
| Abstract |
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| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0722-4060 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
2720 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Mazzei F, Ghigliotti L, Coutanceau Jean-Pierre, Detrich H, Prirodina V, Ozouf-Costaz C, Pisano E, |
| Title |
Chromosomal characteristics of the temperate notothenioid fish Eleginops maclovinus (Cuvier)
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
| Volume |
31 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
629-634 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
| Abstract |
The Falklands mullet, Eleginops maclovinus , is the only modern representative of the Sub-Antarctic family Eleginopidae, suborder Notothenioidei. Based on specimens from the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas, the Magellan Straits, and the southern coast of Chile, we have established the specific karyotype by conventional cytogenetic methods and have mapped the chromosomal loci of the ribosomal genes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). With respect to the basal notothenioid family Bovichtidae and to the hypothetical basal condition of the suborder (diploid number = 48, fundamental number = 48), E. maclovinus displays a slightly derived karyotype (diploid number = 48, fundamental number = 54). In contrast to the bovichtids, the 45S and 5S ribosomal DNAs are co-localized to a single chromosome pair. Condensation of the ribosomal genes to a single locus is likely to represent an intermediate stage in the evolution of notothenioid karyology. Features unique to E. maclovinus (e.g., morphology of its large, rDNA-bearing chromosome pair) probably result from divergence during the long evolutionary isolation of the family. |
| Programme |
1124 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0722-4060 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
2824 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Community structure and spatial distribution of benthic fauna in the Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica)
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
| Volume |
31 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
735-743 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
| Abstract |
The structure and spatial distribution of the macrofauna community of the Bellingshausen Sea in the western sector of Antarctica was studied during the BENTART06 oceanographic expedition. This is one of the least explored Antarctic seas. A total of 20 box cores were sampled at 11 stations ranging from 157 to 3,304 m depth, using an USNEL-type box corer (BC) dredge. Representatives of 25 higher taxa of invertebrates were collected. Deeper sampling sites were less rich in taxa (47 taxa), whereas the figures were higher at shallower sites (up to 17 taxa). Faunal density on the sea bottom revealed a horizontal spatial gradient from the western sites with extremely low figures (90 indiv./m 2 ) towards the eastern ones with the highest figures (1,360 indiv./m 2 ) close to the Antarctic Peninsula. Several abiotic factors (depth, redox, organic matter, carbonates and particle size of surficial sediments) were measured simultaneously on the sea floor to characterise the substrate preferences of the fauna. Positive correlations were found between the faunal distribution and a combination of depth, redox values, and organic matter content of sediments. This indicates decreasing availability of food in the deeper bottoms of the Bellingshausen Sea with a prevalence of depauperated bottoms dominated almost exclusively by a foraminiferans community. |
| Programme |
1124 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0722-4060 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
2825 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Stomach stones in king penguin chicks
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
593-597 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
| Abstract |
Many animals that possess a gizzard swallow stones or sandy grit, supposedly to aid in the mechanical breakdown of food. While this has been well documented in the literature, our study is the first to report the presence of stones in the gizzard of king penguin chicks. We found stones, so called gastroliths, in the pyloric region of the gizzard, the part of the digestive tract that is specialised for the mechanical breakdown of food. Stones were already present in the gizzard of chicks and, hence, during the first year of the life of king penguins, which is spent on land. Some chicks were found to have more than 130 stones (0.522 mm in size) in their gizzard. The gastroliths we found in king penguins are of the same geological origin as rocks present at the colony, which suggests that birds swallowed them there. The functional role of gastroliths in penguin chicks and adults is still unknown. We discuss the potential roles that these gastroliths might play in king penguins (i.e. aid in digestion, buoyancy control during foraging at sea, adaptation to fasting). |
| Programme |
137 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0722-4060 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
2871 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Molecular surveillance for avian influenza A virus in king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus)
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
663-665 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
| Abstract |
An investigation of the presence of influenza A virus has been conducted in king penguins ( Aptenodytes patagonicus ) at the Possession Island in the Crozet Archipelago, Antarctica, using a rapid molecular diagnostic method based on real-time polymerase chain reaction. No evidence of outbreak or positive viral infection of influenza A virus was found in this study. We however recommend the implementation of long-term surveillance in seabird populations of polar ecosystems to detect the potential introduction of exotic strains and potential existence of a local epidemiological cycle for avian influenza viruses. |
| Programme |
137 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0722-4060 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
2872 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
David C, Haefele A, Keckhut P, Marchand M, Jumelet J, Leblanc T, Cenac C, Laqui C, Porteneuve J, Haeffelin M, Courcoux Y, Snels M, Viterbini M, Quatrevalet M, |
| Title |
Evaluation of stratospheric ozone, temperature, and aerosol profiles from the LOANA lidar in Antarctica
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Polar Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
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Pages |
209-225 |
| Keywords |
Polar ozone, Polar stratospheric clouds, Lidar, Stratosphere, |
| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1124 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1873-9652 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4663 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Morphology, ontogenesis and mechanics of cervical vertebrae in four species of penguins (Aves: Spheniscidae)
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
| Volume |
33 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
807-822 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
| Abstract |
Penguins (Aves: Spheniscidae) are pelagic, flightless seabirds, restricted to the southern hemisphere (Antarctic and sub-Antarctic areas, New Zealand, Australia, and nearby islands, as well as parts of South America and South Africa). They spend much of their life at sea, but return to islands and coasts to breed. Penguins are terrestrial as juveniles and aquatic as adults. To improve hydrodynamics, penguins tuck in their necks while swimming. They thus attain an ichthyosaur or cetacean body shape: characterised by telescoped cervicals. This mechanism is also used on land, associated with the posture of these birds. Our study of neck structure and cervical vertebrae morphology (morphological description, biometry and contour analysis) of the King Penguin ( Aptenodytes patagonicus ), Gentoo Penguin ( Pygoscelis papua ), Macaroni Penguin ( Eudyptes chrysolophus ) and Humboldt Penguin ( Sphensicus humboldti ) shows a highly specialised fitting in adults, which develops during ontogenesis. The growth of penguins proceeds by stages and there are key stages with regard to the design of the neck. Despite a common main structure, some characteristics vary between species. Distribution of cervical vertebrae can be defined by six modules. There are differences in modularity between species and also within species between different ontogenetical phases. |
| Programme |
137 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0722-4060 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
3119 |
| Permanent link to this record |
