| Records |
| Author |
Fourcy D., Chapuis J.-l., Lebouvier M., Robin M. |
| Title |
Dynamique de la végétation des îles Kerguelen et changements climatiques |
Type |
Poster |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal  |
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| Volume |
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136 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6620 |
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| Author |
Gadea A., Lohézic-le Dévéhat F., Le Lamer A.-c., Boustie J., Charrier M. |
| Title |
Chemical cues affect the feeding choices in lichen-snail trophic interactions |
Type |
Communication |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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136 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6621 |
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| Author |
Kerfriden D. |
| Title |
Diversité génétique des populations de Spartina arundinacea (Poaceae), espèces tétraploïde endémique des îles subantarctiques |
Type |
Master 1 |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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136 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6622 |
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| Author |
Renault D. |
| Title |
The implications of climate change for native insects and insect invasion potential at the subantarctic islands |
Type |
Communication |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
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| Programme |
136 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6623 |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Early diving behaviour in juvenile penguins: improvement or selection processes |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
20160490 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The early life stage of long-lived species is critical to the viability of population, but is poorly understood. Longitudinal studies are needed to test whether juveniles are less efficient foragers than adults as has been hypothesized. We measured changes in the diving behaviour of 17 one-year-old king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus at Crozet Islands (subantartic archipelago) during their first months at sea, using miniaturized tags that transmitted diving activity in real time. We also equipped five non-breeder adults with the same tags for comparison. The data on foraging performance revealed two groups of juveniles. The first group made shallower and shorter dives that may be indicative of early mortality while the second group progressively increased their diving depths and durations, and survived the first months at sea. This surviving group of juveniles required the same recovery durations as adults, but typically performed shallower and shorter dives. There is thereby a relationship between improved diving behaviour and survival in young penguins. This long period of improving diving performance in the juvenile life stage is potentially a critical period for the survival of deep avian divers and may have implications for their ability to adapt to environmental change. |
| Programme |
109 |
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| ISSN |
1744-9561, 1744-957X |
ISBN |
1744-9561, 1744-957X |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6624 |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Evidence of reduced individual heterogeneity in adult survival of long?lived species |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
70 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2909-2914 |
| Keywords |
Capture?recapture comparative analyses individual differences life?history evolution mixture models random?effect models vertebrates |
| Abstract |
The canalization hypothesis postulates that the rate at which trait variation generates variation in the average individual fitness in a population determines how buffered traits are against environmental and genetic factors. The ranking of a species on the slow?fast continuum ? the covariation among life?history traits describing species?specific life cycles along a gradient going from a long life, slow maturity, and low annual reproductive output, to a short life, fast maturity, and high annual reproductive output ? strongly correlates with the relative fitness impact of a given amount of variation in adult survival. Under the canalization hypothesis, long?lived species are thus expected to display less individual heterogeneity in survival at the onset of adulthood, when reproductive values peak, than short?lived species. We tested this life?history prediction by analysing long?term time series of individual?based data in nine species of birds and mammals using capture?recapture models. We found that individual heterogeneity in survival was higher in species with short?generation time (< 3 years) than in species with long generation time (> 4 years). Our findings provide the first piece of empirical evidence for the canalization hypothesis at the individual level from the wild. |
| Programme |
109 |
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| ISSN |
0014-3820 |
ISBN |
0014-3820 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6625 |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Southern Elephant Seals Replenish Their Lipid Reserves at Different Rates According to Foraging Habitat |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
e0166747 |
| Keywords |
Accelerometers Bioenergetics Foraging Lipids Musculoskeletal system Oceanography Predation Swimming |
| Abstract |
Assessing energy gain and expenditure in free ranging marine predators is difficult. However, such measurements are critical if we are to understand how variation in foraging efficiency, and in turn individual body condition, is impacted by environmentally driven changes in prey abundance and/or accessibility. To investigate the influence of oceanographic habitat type on foraging efficiency, ten post-breeding female southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina (SES) were equipped and tracked with bio-loggers to give continuous information of prey catch attempts, body density and body activity. Variations in these indices of foraging efficiency were then compared between three different oceanographic habitats, delineated by the main frontal structures of the Southern Ocean. Results show that changes in body density are related not only to the number of previous prey catch attempts and to the body activity (at a 6 day lag), but also foraging habitat type. For example, despite a lower daily prey catch attempt rate, SESs foraging north of the sub-Antarctic front improve their body density at a higher rate than individuals foraging south of the sub-Antarctic and polar fronts, suggesting that they may forage on easier to catch and/or more energetically rich prey in this area. Our study highlights a need to understand the influence of habitat type on top predator foraging behaviour and efficiency when attempting a better comprehension of marine ecosystems. |
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109 |
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| ISSN |
1932-6203 |
ISBN |
1932-6203 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6626 |
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| Author |
J. C. Stroeve, S. Jenouvrier, G. G. Campbell, C. Barbraud, K. Delord |
| Title |
Mapping and assessing variability in the Antarctic marginal ice zone, pack ice and coastal polynyas in two sea ice algorithms with implications on breeding success of snow petrels |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1823-1843 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Sea ice variability within the marginal ice zone (MIZ) and polynyas plays an important role for phytoplankton productivity and krill abundance. Therefore, mapping their spatial extent as well as seasonal and interannual variability is essential for understanding how current and future changes in these biologically active regions may impact the Antarctic marine ecosystem. Knowledge of the distribution of MIZ, consolidated pack ice and coastal polynyas in the total Antarctic sea ice cover may also help to shed light on the factors contributing towards recent expansion of the Antarctic ice cover in some regions and contraction in others. The long-term passive microwave satellite data record provides the longest and most consistent record for assessing the proportion of the sea ice cover that is covered by each of these ice categories. However, estimates of the amount of MIZ, consolidated pack ice and polynyas depend strongly on which sea ice algorithm is used. This study uses two popular passive microwave sea ice algorithms, the NASA Team and Bootstrap, and applies the same thresholds to the sea ice concentrations to evaluate the distribution and variability in the MIZ, the consolidated pack ice and coastal polynyas. Results reveal that the seasonal cycle in the MIZ and pack ice is generally similar between both algorithms, yet the NASA Team algorithm has on average twice the MIZ and half the consolidated pack ice area as the Bootstrap algorithm. Trends also differ, with the Bootstrap algorithm suggesting statistically significant trends towards increased pack ice area and no statistically significant trends in the MIZ. The NASA Team algorithm on the other hand indicates statistically significant positive trends in the MIZ during spring. Potential coastal polynya area and amount of broken ice within the consolidated ice pack are also larger in the NASA Team algorithm. The timing of maximum polynya area may differ by as much as 5 months between algorithms. These differences lead to different relationships between sea ice characteristics and biological processes, as illustrated here with the breeding success of an Antarctic seabird. |
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109 |
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| ISSN |
1994-0424 |
ISBN |
1994-0424 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6627 |
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| Author |
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| Title |
167 individuals versus millions of hooks: bycatch mitigation in longline fisheries underlies conservation of Amsterdam albatrosses |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
674-688 |
| Keywords |
birds distribution endangered species fishing island ocean tracking |
| Abstract |
Abstract 1. Industrial fisheries represent one of the most serious threats worldwide to seabird conservation. Death of birds in fishing operations (i.e. bycatch) has especially adverse effects on populations of albatrosses, which have extremely low fecundity. 2. The single population worldwide of Amsterdam albatross (Diomedea amsterdamensis) comprises only 167 individuals and risks considerable decline over the mid?term from additional mortality levels potentially induced by fisheries. The priority actions listed in the current conservation plan for this species included characterizing the longline fisheries operating within its range, dynamically analysing the overlap between albatrosses and these fisheries, and providing fisheries management authorities with potential impact estimates of longline fisheries on the Amsterdam albatross. 3. During all life?cycle stages and year quarters the birds overlapped extensively with fishing effort in the southern Indian and Atlantic oceans. Fishing effort, and consequently overlap score (calculated as the product of fishing effort and time spent by the birds in a spatial unit) was highest in July?September (45% of the hooks annually deployed). Just three fleets (Taiwanese, Japanese and Spanish) contributed to >98% of the overlap scores for each stage (72% from the Taiwanese fleet alone, on average). Daily overlap scores were higher for the non?breeding versus the breeding stages (3?fold factor on average). 4. Based on previous bycatch rates for other albatross species, this study estimated that longline fisheries currently have the potential to remove ~2?16 individuals (i.e. ~5%) each year from the total Amsterdam albatross population, depending on whether bycatch mitigation measures were or were not systematically employed during the fishing operations. 5. Recent bycatch mitigation measures may be instrumental in the conservation of the Amsterdam albatross. This study suggests three further key recommendations: (1) to focus conservation efforts on the austral winter; (2) to require all operating vessels to report ring recoveries; and (3) to allocate special regulation of fishing operations in the areas of peak bycatch risk for the Amsterdam albatrosses. Copyright ? 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| Programme |
109 |
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| ISSN |
1052-7613 |
ISBN |
1052-7613 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6628 |
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| Author |
Tixier Paul, Gasco Nicolas, Duhamel Guy, Guinet Christophe |
| Title |
Depredation of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) by two sympatrically occurring killer whale (Orcinus orca) ecotypes: Insights on the behavior of the rarely observed type D killer whales |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Marine Mammal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
983-1003 |
| Keywords |
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| Programme |
109 |
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| ISSN |
0824-0469 |
ISBN |
0824-0469 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
6629 |
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