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Piatt, J., Sydeman, W., Harding, A., Byrd, V., Irons, D., Springer, A., and Kuletz, K. |
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Seabirds as Indicators of Marine Ecosystems: An Integrated NPRB Science Plan for Alaska. |
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2006 |
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Final Report NPRB Project 516. |
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388 |
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4733 |
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Lionel SONNETTE |
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Etude du champ de fractures de Thingvellir (islande): approches de terrain et photogrammétrique. |
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2007 |
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Master Thesis (M2) |
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316 |
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4769 |
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Van Vliet-Lanoë B. , Guillou H. , Genty D. , Gassem B. , Gouy S. , Récourt P., Scaillet S. |
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Scientific Report 2004-2005 , 27 February 2006, Halslón Dam Stratigraphy and Neotectonic (Jökulldalur) 20p. |
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2004 |
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316 |
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4818 |
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Staszewski, V. |
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Immuno-écologie et interactions hôte-parasite: cas du système oiseaux de mer-tiques (Ixodes uriae) et agent de la maladie de Lyme (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato). Thèse de Doctorat de l'Université Pierre & Marie Curie, Paris.
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2007 |
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333 |
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4870 |
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Author |
Spee M. |
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Title |
Implication de la corticostérone et de la prolactine dans l'induction du “signal de réalimentation” chez le manchot Adélie. |
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2007 |
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Master II "physiologie intégrée en conditions extrêmes" – Année 2006-2007 – Université Claude Bernard,LyonI |
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137 |
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yes |
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4920 |
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Author |
Leclaire S. |
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Title |
Régulation de la condition corporelle en fonction du cycle annuel chez le manchot royal – Aptenodytes patagonicus. |
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2006 |
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Master II "Ecophysiologie, énergétique et comportement" – Année 2005-2006 – Université Louis Pasteur,Strasbourg |
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137 |
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4921 |
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N. Van der Putten, J. -P. Hébrard, C. Verbruggen, B. Van de Vijver, J. -R. Disnar, S. Spassov, J. -L. de Beaulieu, M. De Dapper, D. Keravis, J. Hus, N. Thouveny, Y. Frenot |
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An integrated palaeoenvironmental investigation of a 6200 year old peat sequence from Ile de la Possession, Iles Crozet, sub-Antarctica |
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2008 |
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Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |
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270 |
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1 |
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179-195 |
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Diatoms Geochemical analysis Holocene Iles Crozet Macrofossil record Palaeoclimate Palaeoecology Rock magnetism Sub-Antarctic |
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A 6200 year old peat sequence, cored in a volcanic crater on the sub-Antarctic Ile de la Possession (Iles Crozet), has been investigated, based on a multi-proxy approach. The methods applied are macrobotanical (mosses, seeds and fruits) and diatom analyses, complemented by geochemical (Rock-Eval6) and rock magnetic measurements. The chronology of the core is based on 5 radiocarbon dates. When combining all the proxy data the following changes could be inferred. From the onset of the peat formation (6200 cal yr BP) until ca. 5550 cal yr BP, biological production was high and climatic conditions must have been relatively warm. At ca. 5550 cal yr BP a shift to low biological production occurred, lasting until ca. 4600 cal yr BP. During this period the organic matter is well preserved, pointing to a cold and/or wet environment. At ca. 4600 cal yr BP, biological production increased again. From ca. 4600 cal yr BP until ca. 4100 cal yr BP a “hollow and hummock” micro topography developed at the peat surface, resulting in the presence of a mixture of wetter and drier species in the macrobotanical record. After ca. 4100 cal yr BP, the wet species disappear and a generally drier, acidic bog came into existence. A major shift in all the proxy data is observed at ca. 2800 cal yr BP, pointing to wetter and especially windier climatic conditions on the island probably caused by an intensification and/or latitudinal shift of the southern westerly belt. Caused by a stronger wind regime, erosion of the peat surface occurred at that time and a lake was formed in the peat deposits of the crater, which is still present today. |
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136 |
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0031-0182 |
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5317 |
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Author |
B. Montpetit, A. Royer, A. Roy, A. Langlois |
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Title |
In-situ passive microwave emission model parameterization of sub-arctic frozen organic soils |
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2018 |
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Remote Sensing of Environment |
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205 |
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112-118 |
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Frozen soil Passive microwave radiometry Snow radiometry Soil reflectivity model |
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Many passive microwave remote sensing applications such as land surface temperature, snow water equivalent and soil moisture retrievals need to take into account a soil parameterization to the overall surface signal emission. Soil emission modeling presents large uncertainties when the soil is frozen. In this paper, an empirical retrieval method is presented, specifically for rough frozen soil permittivity estimates at 10.7, 19 and 37GHz. The method was tested and validated using in-situ passive microwave measurements at incidence angles from 0 to 60° of sub-arctic frozen organic soils in Northeastern Canada. The retrieved permittivity values give an overall RMSE between the measured and simulated brightness temperatures of 4.6K for all frequencies combined. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the different soil parameters optimized in this study. This analysis suggests that the accuracy of the retrieved parameters, using the method given here, is of ±1.00 for the permittivity and ±0.12cm for surface roughness. Also, a comparison was conducted between the parameterization used in this study and the one of Wegmüller and Mätzler (1999) to estimate the soil contribution to the emitted brightness temperature of snowpacks. An improvement of 66% of the RMSE between the modeled and measured snow brightness temperatures was observed when using the approach of this study compared to the previous work. The method shows great potential to improve the estimation of the frozen soil contribution to the measured passive microwave brightness temperature. |
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1073 |
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0034-4257 |
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8200 |
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Domine Florent, Gallet Jean-Charles, Barret Manuel, Houdier Stphan, Voisin Didier, Douglas Thomas A, Blum Joel D, Beine Harry J, Anastasio Cort, Bron Franois-Marie, |
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The specific surface area and chemical composition of diamond dust near Barrow, Alaska
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2011 |
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J. Geophys. Res. |
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116 |
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D00R06- |
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absorption spectra, aldehydes, dissolved organic carbon, ionic composition, mercury, specific surface area, 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801, 4906), 0317 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Chemical kinetic and photochemical properties, 0330 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Geochemical cycles (1030), 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry, 0736 Cryosphere: Snow (1827, 1863), |
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Abstract |
Diamond dust (DD) refers to tiny ice crystals that form frequently in the Polar troposphere under clear sky conditions. They provide surfaces for chemical reactions and scatter light. We have measured the specific surface area (SSA) of DD at Barrow in March–April 2009. We have also measured its chemical composition in mineral and organic ions, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), aldehydes, H2O2, and the absorption spectra of water-soluble chromophores. Mercury concentrations were also measured in spring 2006, when conditions were similar. The SSA of DD ranges from 79.9 to 223 m2 kg-1. The calculated ice surface area in the atmosphere reaches 11000 (70%) μm2 cm-3, much higher than the aerosol surface area. However, the impact of DD on the downwelling and upwelling light fluxes in the UV and visible is negligible. The composition of DD is markedly different from that of snow on the surface. Its concentrations in mineral ions are much lower, and its overall composition is acidic. Its concentrations in aldehydes, DOC, H2O2 and mercury are much higher than in surface snows. Our interpretation is that DOC from the oceanic surface microlayer, coming from open leads in the ice off of Barrow, is taken up by DD. Active chemistry in the atmosphere takes place on DD crystal surfaces, explaining its high concentrations in aldehydes and mercury. After deposition, active photochemistry modifies DD composition, as seen from the modifications in its absorption spectra and aldehyde and H2O2 content. This probably leads to the emissions of reactive species to the atmosphere.
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1017 |
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AGU |
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0148-0227 |
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1623 |
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David Ainley, Joellen Russell, Stephanie Jenouvrier, Eric Woehler, Philip O'B. Lyver, William R. Fraser, Gerald L. Kooyman |
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Title |
Antarctic penguin response to habitat change as Earth's troposphere reaches 2°C above preindustrial levels |
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2010 |
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Ecological Monographs |
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80 |
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1 |
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49-66 |
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2°C warming Adélie Penguin Antarctica climate change climate modeling Emperor Penguin habitat optimum sea ice |
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We assess the response of pack ice penguins, Emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri) and Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), to habitat variability and, then, by modeling habitat alterations, the qualitative changes to their populations, size and distribution, as Earth's average tropospheric temperature reaches 2°C above preindustrial levels (ca. 1860), the benchmark set by the European Union in efforts to reduce greenhouse gases. First, we assessed models used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) on penguin performance duplicating existing conditions in the Southern Ocean. We chose four models appropriate for gauging changes to penguin habitat: GFDL-CM2.1, GFDL-CM2.0, MIROC3.2(hi-res), and MRI-CGCM2.3.2a. Second, we analyzed the composited model ENSEMBLE to estimate the point of 2°C warming (2025–2052) and the projected changes to sea ice coverage (extent, persistence, and concentration), sea ice thickness, wind speeds, precipitation, and air temperatures. Third, we considered studies of ancient colonies and sediment cores and some recent modeling, which indicate the (space/time) large/centennial-scale penguin response to habitat limits of all ice or no ice. Then we considered results of statistical modeling at the temporal interannual-decadal scale in regard to penguin response over a continuum of rather complex, meso- to large-scale habitat conditions, some of which have opposing and others interacting effects. The ENSEMBLE meso/decadal-scale output projects a marked narrowing of penguins' zoogeographic range at the 2°C point. Colonies north of 70° S are projected to decrease or disappear: ∼50% of Emperor colonies (40% of breeding population) and ∼75% of Adélie colonies (70% of breeding population), but limited growth might occur south of 73° S. Net change would result largely from positive responses to increase in polynya persistence at high latitudes, overcome by decreases in pack ice cover at lower latitudes and, particularly for Emperors, ice thickness. Adélie Penguins might colonize new breeding habitat where concentrated pack ice diverges and/or disintegrating ice shelves expose coastline. Limiting increase will be decreased persistence of pack ice north of the Antarctic Circle, as this species requires daylight in its wintering areas. Adélies would be affected negatively by increasing snowfall, predicted to increase in certain areas owing to intrusions of warm, moist marine air due to changes in the Polar Jet Stream. |
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1557-7015 |
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5693 |
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