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Toscani C., Vuarin P., Mccafferty D.j., Gallon S, Ancel A. & Gilbert C. |
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Conference - National - Communication |
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2014 |
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1037 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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4970 |
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Author |
Ricaud, Philippe |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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Volume |
85 |
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35-46 |
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The H2O Antarctica Microwave Stratospheric and Tropospheric Radiometers (HAMSTRAD) program aims to develop a ground-based microwave radiometer to measure tropospheric water vapor and temperature vertical profiles above the Dome C station, Concordia, Antarctica. The present article deals with the scientific results obtained with the vertical profiles of H2O and temperature from 0 to 10 km above the station coupled with other data sets (in situ, satellite, radiosonde, analyses and mesoscale model). The short-term variability (diurnal variation) has been studied in the lowermost troposphere according to the season to highlight the time evolution of the different sub-layers within the atmospheric boundary layer. Considering back-trajectory studies, the intra-seasonal variability of H2O and temperature in the troposphere comes mainly from the origin of air masses reaching the Dome C station, oceanic or continental, producing a high correlation rate between H2O and temperature. In a case study, a mesoscale model tends to calculate a wetter and warmer atmosphere than observations in the atmospheric boundary layer. |
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910 |
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0026-1181 |
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yes |
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4965 |
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Author |
Ricaud, Philippe |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
0026-1181 |
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Volume |
84 |
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Pages |
15-28 |
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910 |
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0026-1181 |
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yes |
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4964 |
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Author |
Arnal Audrey, Vittecoq Marion, Pearce-Duvet Jessica, Gauthier-Clerc Michel, Boulinier Thierry, Jourdain Elsa, |
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Title |
Laridae: A neglected reservoir that could play a major role in avian influenza virus epidemiological dynamics
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Critical Reviews in Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
1-12 |
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Abstract |
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are of great concern worldwide due to their economic impact and the threat they represent to human health. As wild birds are the natural reservoirs of AIVs, understanding AIV dynamics in different avian taxa is essential for deciphering the epidemiological links between wildlife, poultry and humans. To date, only the Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans) have been widely studied. Here, we aim to shed light on the current state of knowledge on AIVs in Laridae (gulls, terns and kittiwakes) versus that in Anatidae by setting forth four fundamental questions: how, when, where and to which host species are AIVs transmitted? First, we describe ecological differences between Laridae and Anatidae and discuss how they may explain observed contrasts in preferential transmission routes and the evolution of specific AIV subtypes. Second, we highlight the dissimilarities in the temporal patterns of AIV shedding between Laridae and Anatidae and address the role that immunity likely plays in shaping these patterns. Third, we underscore that Laridae may be key in promoting intercontinental exchanges of AIVs. Finally, we emphasize the crucial epidemiological position that Laridae occupy between wildlife, domestic birds and humans. |
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333 |
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Informa Healthcare |
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1040-841X |
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yes |
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Serial |
4957 |
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Author |
Reiertsen TK, Erikstad KE, Anker-Nilssen T, Barrett RT, Boulinier T, Frederiksen M, Gremillet D, Johns D, Moe B, Ponchon A, Skern-Mauritzen M, Sandvik H, Yoccoz NG, |
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Title |
Prey density in non-breeding areas affects adult survival of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
509 |
Issue |
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Pages |
289-302 |
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Programme |
333 |
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ISSN |
0171-8630 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
4956 |
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Author |
Dietrich Muriel, Lobato Elisa, Boulinier Thierry, McCoy Karen D, |
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Title |
An experimental test of host specialization in a ubiquitous polar ectoparasite: a role for adaptation?
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
83 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
576-587 |
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Keywords |
adaptive evolution, fitness trade-offs, host-race formation, Ixodes uriae, parasite biodiversity, Rissa tridactyla, transmission ecology, transplantation experiment, |
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Abstract |
1. The evolution of host specificity is considered to be an essential mechanism driving parasite diversity. It may be governed by adaptive constraints that lead to host-dependent fitness trade-offs. Alternatively, specificity may arise via transmission constraints that isolate parasite populations, without necessarily involving adaptation per se.
2. Here, we ask whether the repeated observation of host-associated genetic races across the worldwide distribution of the seabird ectoparasite Ixodes uriae is associated with host adaptation.
3. We conducted a field-based experiment to test for adaptive specialisation in host races of I. uriae. We transferred unengorged ticks of two life stages (nymphs and adults) originating from three host species (black-legged kittiwake, common guillemot and Atlantic puffin) onto young kittiwake nestlings and followed attraction and attachment rates, engorgement times and feeding success of the transplanted ticks. All ticks were also typed genetically to match exploitation patterns with genetic differences among races.
4. Ticks from atypical hosts were significantly less attracted to nestlings than ticks from the typical host, and showed lower feeding success and higher mortality. The degree of host specificity matched patterns of neutral genetic variation among races, with puffin ticks being more specific than guillemot ticks. Differences in specificity were also apparent among tick life stages, suggesting that nymphal ticks may be less discriminating of host type than adult ticks.
5. Our results indicate that the genetic divergence previously observed among sympatric I. uriae host races is at least partially linked to adaptive specialisation to the host species and not simply to host-mediated transmission. They also suggest that the adaptation process may evolve differently in different life stages based on trade-offs with physiological constraints. The identification of the selective forces acting in host specialization will now be necessary to better characterize these patterns and to understand how transmission interacts with the adaptation process to generate parasite biodiversity. |
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333 |
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ISSN |
1365-2656 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
4953 |
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Title |
When things go wrong: intra-season dynamics of breeding failure in a seabird
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Ecosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
art4- |
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Abstract |
During breeding, long-lived species face important time and energy constraints that can lead to breeding failure when food becomes scarce. Despite the potential implications of intra-season dynamics in breeding failure for individual behavior, carry-over effects, dispersal decisions and population dynamics, little information is currently available on these dynamics at fine temporal scales. Here, we monitored the foraging behavior and the proportion of successful black-legged kittiwake pairs from nest construction to chick fledging in a colony of the southern Barents Sea, to relate foraging effort to the dynamics of breeding failure over an entire breeding season, and to infer the environmental conditions leading to this failure. Specifically, we tracked kittiwakes with GPS and satellite tags during incubation and early chick-rearing to document nest attendance, foraging range, time budgets and daily energy expenditures (DEE). We also monitored diet changes over time. We predicted that breeding failure would follow a non-linear trend characterized by a break point after which breeding success would drop abruptly and would be related to a substantial increase in foraging effort. Kittiwakes showed contrasting foraging patterns between incubation and chick-rearing: they extended their foraging range from 20 km during incubation to more than 450 km during chick-rearing and switched diet. They also increased their DEE and readjusted their time budgets by increasing time spent at sea. These changes corresponded to a break point in breeding dynamics beyond which the proportion of successful pairs abruptly dropped. At the end of the season, less than 10% of kittiwake pairs raised chicks in the monitored plots. This integrative study confirms that breeding failure is a non-linear process characterized by a threshold beyond which individuals face an energetic trade-off and cannot simultaneously sustain high reproductive and self-maintenance efforts. In this way, the occurrence of sudden environmental changes complicates our ability to predict population dynamics and poses conservation challenges. |
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333 |
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Publisher |
Ecological Society of America |
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ISSN |
2150-8925 |
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yes |
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Serial |
4952 |
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Author |
Garnier Romain, Gandon Sylvain, Harding Karin C, Boulinier Thierry, |
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Title |
Length of intervals between epidemics: evaluating the influence of maternal transfer of immunity
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
568-575 |
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Keywords |
Epidemiology, harbor seal, maternal antibodies, phocine distemper, |
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Abstract |
The length of intervals between epidemic outbreaks of infectious diseases is critical in epidemiology. In several species of marine mammals and birds, it is pivotal to also consider the life history of the species of concern, as the contact rate between individuals can have a seasonal flux, for example, due to aggregations during the breeding season. Recently, particular interest has been given to the role of the dynamics of immunity in determining the intervals between epidemics in wild animal populations. One potentially powerful, but often neglected, process in this context is the maternal transfer of immunity. Here, we explore theoretically how the transfer of maternal antibodies can delay the recurrence of epidemics using Phocine Distemper in harbor seals as an example of a system in which epidemic outbreaks are followed by pathogen extinction. We show that the presence of temporarily protected newborns can significantly increase the predicted interval between epidemics, and this effect is strongly dependent on the degree of synchrony in the breeding season. Furthermore, we found that stochasticity in the onset of epidemics in combination with maternally acquired immunity increases the predicted intervals between epidemics even more. These effects arise because newborns with maternal antibodies temporarily boost population level immunity above the threshold of herd immunity, particularly when breeding is synchronous. Overall, our results show that maternal antibodies can have a profound influence on the dynamics of wildlife epidemics, notably in gregarious species such as many marine mammals and seabirds.
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333 |
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ISSN |
2045-7758 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4947 |
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Author |
Dietrich Muriel, Kempf Florent, Boulinier Thierry, McCoy Karen D, |
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Title |
Tracing the colonization and diversification of the worldwide seabird ectoparasite Ixodes uriae
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
3292-3305 |
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Keywords |
colonization, cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (COIII), dispersal, hard ticks, microsatellites, vectorborne infectious agents, |
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333 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1365-294X |
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yes |
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Serial |
4946 |
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Author |
Slemr F, Angot H, Dommergue A, Magand O, Barret M, Weigelt A, Ebinghaus R, Brunke E-G, Pfaffhuber K A, Edwards G, Howard D, Powell J, Keywood M, Wang F, |
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Title |
Comparison of mercury concentrations measured at several sites in the Southern Hemisphere
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Atmos. Chem. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
3125-3133 |
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Programme |
1028 |
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Copernicus Publications |
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ISSN |
1680-7324 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4942 |
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