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Fort J, Grémillet D, Mosbech A, Moe B, Bustamante P. (2014). Spatial ecotoxicology: combining biotelemetry to pollutant analyses to investigate the origin of Arctic seabird contamination.
Abstract: The 5th Bio-logging Science Symposium
Programme: 388
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Fort Jérôme, Robertson Gregory J, Grémillet David, Traisnel Gwendoline, Bustamante Paco, . (2014). Spatial Ecotoxicology: Migratory Arctic Seabirds Are Exposed to Mercury Contamination While Overwintering in the Northwest Atlantic
. Environ. Sci. Technol., 48(19), 11560–11567.
Abstract: Arctic organisms are exposed to various levels of pollutants, among which mercury (Hg) has raised important environmental concerns. Previous studies examining Hg levels, trends, and effects on Arctic marine top predators have focused on the Arctic region. However, many of these top predators, such as seabirds, migrate to spend a large part of their life cycle far from the Arctic in areas where their exposure to contaminants is largely unknown. By combining biotelemetry and Hg and stable isotope analyses, we studied the seasonal Hg contamination of little auks (Alle alle, the most abundant Arctic seabird) in relation to their distribution and marine foraging habitat, as well as its potential impacts on bird reproduction. We show that little auks were ?3.5 times more contaminated when outside the breeding season, and that Hg that accumulated during this nonbreeding non-Arctic period was related to egg size the following season, with females having more Hg laying smaller eggs. Our results highlight that ecotoxicological studies should be expanded to yield a comprehensive understanding of contamination risks and associated threats to top predators over their entire annual cycle. Furthermore, we show that an important nonbreeding area located in the northwest Atlantic was associated with greater Hg contamination and demonstrate the utility of bird-borne miniaturized technology for evaluating the contamination of marine systems on large spatial scales.
Programme: 388
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Frandsen MS, Fort J, Rigét FF, Galatius A, Mosbech A, . (2014). Composition of chick meals from one of the main little auk (Alle alle) breeding colonies in Northwest Greenland
. Polar Biology, 37(7), 1055–1060-.
Abstract: During the last decade, increasing information on little auk (Alle alle) biology, ecology and behaviour has been reported. However, only a few of these studies have focused on the breeding population in the Avanersuaq (Thule) district of Northwest Greenland, where 80 % of the global little auk population is estimated to breed. This study reports on the chick diet composition from one of the largest colonies, the Paakitsoq colony, located on the south-eastern margin of the North Water (NOW) Polynya. Results revealed the highest proportion of Calanus hyperboreus, a large lipid-rich copepod, in chick diet reported for any little auk colony. Results confirmed that the cold,
highly productive waters of the NOW Polynya are favourable foraging grounds for the little auks during the breeding season. Species diversity within and between the chick meals was low, which probably reflects a high availability of a few preferred prey species. Individual chick meals were generally low in number of prey items and total energy content compared with other published results. This may be explained by a higher feeding frequency or by the samples being collected late in the breeding period (during late chick rearing), when chicks have a reduced growth rate and may require less energy than at earlier developmental stages.
Keywords: Little auk, Chick diet, High arctic, Seabirds, Calanus species,
Programme: 388
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Grémillet D., Fort J. (2014). Adaptation et évolution de la biodiversité groenlandaise. In: “Le Groenland à découvert”. CNRS Editions.
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Fort J., Grémillet D. (2014). Écosystèmes marins – aspects généraux. In: “Le Groenland à découvert”. CNRS Editions..
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Fort J. (2014). Pollution et impacts sur les écosytèmes. In: “Le Groenland à découvert”. CNRS Editions..
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Yann Borjon-Privé. (2014). A propos du système religieux dolgane (Arctique sibérien) : quelques représentations antérieures au XXè siècle / On the Dolgan religious system (Siberian Arctic): some representations before the XXth century..
Abstract: This communication took place in the Monthly PhD. students' workshop, at the laboratory GSRL on March 14th. 2014 (CNRS-EPHE, Paris, org. Ludovic Bertina).
The aim of this communication was to show and comment old ethnographic or historiographical sources regarding the religious practices and materials by the Dolgan people and the eastern Taymyr before the Soviet period.
Programme: 1121
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Ancel André, Cristofari Robin, Fretwell Peter T, Trathan Phil N, Wienecke Barbara, Boureau Matthieu, Morinay Jennifer, Blanc Stéphane, Le Maho Yvon, Le Bohec Céline, . (2014). Emperors in Hiding: When Ice-Breakers and Satellites Complement Each Other in Antarctic Exploration
. PLoS ONE, 9(6), e100404–.
Abstract: Evaluating the demographic trends of marine top predators is critical to understanding the processes involved in the ongoing rapid changes in Antarctic ecosystems. However, the remoteness and logistical complexity of operating in Antarctica, especially during winter, make such an assessment difficult. Satellite imaging is increasingly recognised as a valuable method for remote animal population monitoring, yet its accuracy and reliability are still to be fully evaluated. We report here the first ground visit of an emperor penguin colony first discovered by satellite, but also the discovery of a second one not indicated by satellite survey at that time. Several successive remote surveys in this coastal region of East Antarctica, both before and after sudden local changes, had indeed only identified one colony. These two colonies (with a total of ca. 7,400 breeding pairs) are located near the Mertz Glacier in an area that underwent tremendous habitat change after the glacier tongue broke off in February 2010. Our findings therefore suggest that a satellite survey, although offering a major advance since it allows a global imaging of emperor penguin colonies, may miss certain colony locations when challenged by certain features of polar ecosystems, such as snow cover, evolving ice topology, and rapidly changing habitat. Moreover our survey shows that this large seabird has considerable potential for rapid adaptation to sudden habitat loss, as the colony detected in 2009 may have moved and settled on new breeding grounds. Overall, the ability of emperor penguin colonies to relocate following habitat modification underlines the continued need for a mix of remote sensing and field surveys (aerial photography and ground counts), especially in the less-frequented parts of Antarctica, to gain reliable knowledge about the population demography and dynamics of this flagship species of the Antarctic ecosystem.
Programme: 137
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Ponchon Aurore, Garnier Romain, Grémillet David, Boulinier Thierry, . (2015). Predicting population responses to environmental change: the importance of considering informed dispersal strategies in spatially structured population models
. Divers. Distrib., 21(1), 88–100.
Abstract: Abstract: Aim Because of its complexity, dispersal has often been simplified when implemented in models aiming at understanding and predicting population dynamics and persistence in a context of environmental change. In particular, informed dispersal, i.e. the use of personal and social information to decide whether to leave a natal or current breeding site and where to settle, has seldom been considered. Informed dispersal could nevertheless be critical for predicting population dynamics, structure and persistence, as it could help populations track environmental change. Here, we develop a simulation model to examine the consequences of four dispersal strategies (informed, semi-informed, fixed random dispersal and philopatry) on the dynamics, structure and persistence of a spatially structured population under different environmental scenarios.
Methods We built and parameterized a metapopulation dynamic model using a long-lived colonial seabird species as an example, the black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla, breeding on a set of distinct patches. Various scenarios of environmental variability and multiple factors potentially driving natal and breeding dispersal decisions (local habitat quality, individual breeding success, personal and social information use) were considered in order to explore their respective effects.
Results Environmental change and dispersal strategies strongly influenced metapopulation dynamics and structure. In spatially variable environments, informed and semi-informed dispersal maintained populations in the long-term, whereas philopatry and random dispersal led to extinction. Contrasted dynamics also arose: philopatry led to ecological traps, random and semi-informed dispersal led to source-sink dynamics, and informed dispersal drove extinction-recolonization dynamics.
Main conclusions This study demonstrates the importance of including informed dispersal in models aiming at predicting the dynamics of spatially structured populations. It also serves to highlight the urgent need to collect more empirical data on dispersal processes in order to properly parameterize such models.
Keywords: Breeding habitat selection, climate change, conspecific breeding success, extinction probabilities, prospecting behaviour, social information use,
Programme: 333
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Sanial V, van Beek P, Lansard B, Souhaut M, Kestenare E, d'Ovidio F, Zhou M, Blain S, . (2015). Use of Ra isotopes to deduce rapid transfer of sediment-derived inputs off Kerguelen
. Biogeosciences, 12(5), 1415–1430.
Abstract: KEOPS-2 Special Issue
Programme: 1077
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