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Laparie M, Renault D, . (2014). Physiological responses to temperature in Merizodus soledadinus (Col., Carabidae), a subpolar carabid beetle invading sub-Antarctic islands
. Polar Biology, 39(1), 35–45.
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. (2015).
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Renault D. (2015).
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. (2015). Abiotic stressors and stress responses: What commonalities appear between species across biological organization levels?
. Environ. Pollut., 202, 66–77.
Abstract: Organisms are regularly subjected to abiotic stressors related to increasing anthropogenic activities, including chemicals and climatic changes that induce major stresses. Based on various key taxa involved in ecosystem functioning (photosynthetic microorganisms, plants, invertebrates), we review how organisms respond and adapt to chemical- and temperature-induced stresses from molecular to population level. Using field-realistic studies, our integrative analysis aims to compare i) how molecular and physiological mechanisms related to protection, repair and energy allocation can impact life history traits of stressed organisms, and ii) to what extent trait responses influence individual and population responses. Common response mechanisms are evident at molecular and cellular scales but become rather difficult to define at higher levels due to evolutionary distance and environmental complexity. We provide new insights into the understanding of the impact of molecular and cellular responses on individual and population dynamics and assess the potential related effects on communities and ecosystem functioning.
Keywords: Animals, Biological Evolution, Ecosystem, Invertebrates, Invertebrates: drug effects, Invertebrates: metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Photosynthesis, Plants, Plants: drug effects, Plants: metabolism, Species Specificity,
Programme: 136
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. (2015). Fast evolutionary response of house mice to anthropogenic disturbance on a Sub-Antarctic island
. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. Lond., 114(3), 513–526.
Abstract: Invasions and anthropogenic disturbances challenge species with rapid environmental changes. Understanding how organisms respond to these changes is of major concern for the future of biodiversity. The house mouse on a Sub-Antarctic island (Guillou Island, Kerguelen Archipelago) had to face such challenges twice: first when invading the island two centuries ago; and nowadays when coping with an in-depth remodeling of its habitat due to a cohort of anthropogenic changes. Morphometric and biomechanical results show that the initial invasion triggered the evolution of a jaw shape adapted to the local food resources. Contemporary changes are also associated to changes in jaw morphology, but are not directly functionally relevant. Here, a complex response integrating feeding behaviour, investment in feeding structure, and degree of mineralization, may provide the mice with a better tool to benefit of wider resources utilization and/or better cope with intra-specific competition in a changing habitat. These Sub-Antarctic mice exemplify that success of invasive species rely on the capacity of facing rapidly varying environments through integrated, multi-faceted responses involving behaviour to morphology through life-history traits.
Programme: 136
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. (2015). New national and regional bryophyte records, 43. JOURNAL OF BRYOLOGY, 37(2), 128–147.
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. (2015). New national and regional bryophyte records, 42
. J. Bryol., 37(1), 68–79.
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Smet Willem H De, . (2015). Zootaxa, 3941(2), 221–38.
Keywords: Antarctica, Pseudingolfiella, biogeography, chorology, diversity,
Programme: 136
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. (2015). Insects in fluctuating thermal environments.
. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 60, 123–40.
Abstract: All climate change scenarios predict an increase in both global temperature means and the magnitude of seasonal and diel temperature variation. The nonlinear relationship between temperature and biological processes means that fluctuating temperatures lead to physiological, life history, and ecological consequences for ectothermic insects that diverge from those predicted from constant temperatures. Fluctuating temperatures that remain within permissive temperature ranges generally improve performance. By contrast, those which extend to stressful temperatures may have either positive impacts, allowing repair of damage accrued during exposure to thermal extremes, or negative impacts from cumulative damage during successive exposures. We discuss the mechanisms underlying these differing effects. Fluctuating temperatures could be used to enhance or weaken insects in applied rearing programs, and any prediction of insect performance in the field-including models of climate change or population performance-must account for the effect of fluctuating temperatures.
Keywords: Jensen's inequality, climate change, life history traits, temperature variations, thermal tolerance,
Programme: 136
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Libois Q, Picard G, Arnaud L, Dumont M, Lafaysse M, Morin S, Lefebvre E, . (2015). Summertime evolution of snow specific surface area close to the surface on the Antarctic Plateau
. The Cryosphere, 9(4). Retrieved July 3, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2383-2015
Abstract: On the Antarctic Plateau, snow specific surface area (SSA) close to the surface shows complex variations at daily to seasonal scales which affect the surface albedo and in turn the surface energy budget of the ice sheet. While snow metamorphism, precipitation and strong wind events are known to drive SSA variations, usually in opposite ways, their relative contributions remain unclear. Here, a comprehensive set of SSA observations at Dome C is analysed with respect to meteorological conditions to assess the respective roles of these factors. The results show an average two-to-three-fold SSA decrease from October to February in the topmost 10 cm, in response to the increase of air temperature and absorption of solar radiation in the snowpack during spring and summer. Surface SSA is also characterised by significant daily to weekly variations, due to the deposition of small crystals with SSA up to 100 m2 kg−1 onto the surface during snowfall and blowing snow events. To complement these field observations, the detailed snowpack model Crocus is used to simulate SSA, with the intent to further investigate the previously found correlation between inter-annual variability of summer SSA decrease and summer precipitation amount. To this end, Crocus parameterizations have been adapted to Dome C conditions, and the model was forced by ERA-Interim reanalysis. It successfully matches the observations at daily to seasonal time scales, except for few cases when snowfalls are not captured by the reanalysis. On the contrary, the inter-annual variability of summer SSA decrease is poorly simulated when compared to 14 years of microwave satellite data sensititve to the near surface SSA. A simulation with disabled summer precipitation confirms the weak influence in the model of the precipitation on metamorphism, with only 6 % enhancement. However we found that disabling strong wind events in the model is sufficient to reconciliate the simulations with the observations. This suggests that Crocus reproduces well the contributions of metamorphism and precipitation on surface SSA, but that snow compaction by the wind might be overestimated in the model.
Programme: 1110
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