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CHANTELOUP L., JOLIET F. |
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Vers un apprentissage mutuel, retour d’expérience sur la co-construction de savoirs, XIXe conférence Internationale Inuite, Qaumaniq le savoir qui illumine, Québec, 30 oct-1er novembre. |
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2015 |
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1043 |
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6243 |
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ANTOMARCHI V., JOLIET F |
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Quelle visibilité du froid dans les albums de photos des Inuit du Nunavik ?, in Le froid : Adaptation, production, représentations, effets, Presses de l'UQAM (sous presse). |
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2015 |
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1043 |
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6242 |
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Ricaud, P., P. Grigioni, R. Zbinden, J.-L. Attié, L. Genoni, A. Galeandro, L. Moggio, S. Montaguti, I. Petenko & P. Legovini |
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Review of tropospheric temperature, absolute humidity and integrated water vapour from the HAMSTRAD radiometer installed at Dome C, Antarctica, 2009–14 |
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2015 |
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Antarctic Science |
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The HAMSTRAD (H2O Antarctica Microwave Stratospheric and Tropospheric Radiometers) instrument is a microwave radiometer installed at Dome C (Antarctica, 75°06'S, 123°21'E, 3233 m amsl) dedicated to the tropospheric measurements of temperature, absolute humidity and integrated water vapour (IWV). The aim of the present paper is to review the entire HAMSTRAD data set from 2009 to 2014 with a 7-minute integration time from 0 to 10 km by comparison with coincident radiosondes launched at 12:00 UTC at Dome C. Based upon an extensive evaluation of biases and time correlation coefficients (r), we can state: 1) IWV is of excellent quality (r > 0.98) and can be used without retrieving significant bias, 2) temperature is suitable for scientific analyses over the range 0-10 km with a high time correlation with radiosondes (r > 0.80) and 3) absolute humidity is suitable for scientific analyses in the range 0-4 km with a moderate time correlation against radiosondes (r > 0.70). The vertical distribution of temperature (0-10 km) and absolute humidity (0-4 km) is subject to biases that need to be removed if the analyses require the use of vertical profiling. The HAMSTRAD data set is given in open access to the scientific community. |
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910 |
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0954-1020 |
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6241 |
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Keyser Christine, Hollard Clémence, Gonzalez Angela, Fausser Jean-Luc, Rivals Eric, Alexeev Anatoly Nikolayevich, Riberon Alexandre, Crubézy Eric, Ludes Bertrand, |
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Title |
The ancient Yakuts: a population genetic enigma.
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences |
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370 |
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1660 |
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20130385-20130385 |
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Keywords |
Base Sequence, Bone and Bones, Bone and Bones: chemistry, Chromosomes, Human, Y, Chromosomes, Human, Y: genetics, DNA, Mitochondrial, DNA, Mitochondrial: genetics, DNA, Mitochondrial: history, Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Groups: genetics, Ethnic Groups: history, Fossils, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Haplotypes: genetics, History, 15th Century, History, 16th Century, History, 17th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, Humans, Likelihood Functions, Male, Microsatellite Repeats, Microsatellite Repeats: genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Pedigree, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Siberia, |
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This study is part of an ongoing project aiming at determining the ethnogenesis of an eastern Siberian ethnic group, the Yakuts, on the basis of archaeological excavations carried out over a period of 10 years in three regions of Yakutia: Central Yakutia, the Vilyuy River basin and the Verkhoyansk area. In this study, genetic analyses were carried out on skeletal remains from 130 individuals of unknown ancestry dated mainly from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century AD. Kinship studies were conducted using sets of commercially available autosomal and Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) along with hypervariable region I sequences of the mitochondrial DNA. An unexpected and intriguing finding of this work was that the uniparental marker systems did not always corroborate results from autosomal DNA analyses; in some cases, false-positive relationships were observed. These discrepancies revealed that 15 autosomal STR loci are not sufficient to discriminate between first degree relatives and more distantly related individuals in our ancient Yakut sample. The Y-STR analyses led to similar conclusions, because the current Y-STR panels provided the limited resolution of the paternal lineages.
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1038 |
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1471-2970 |
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6240 |
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Merkling T, Welcker J, Hewison A J M, Hatch S A, Kitaysky A S, Speakman J R, Danchin E, Blanchard P, |
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Title |
Identifying the selective pressures underlying offspring sex-ratio adjustments: a case study in a wild seabird
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Behavioral Ecology |
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26 |
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3 |
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916-925 |
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Sex allocation theory predicts that parents should bias offspring sex according to the costs and benefits associated with producing either sex in a given context. Accurately interpreting sex-ratio biases, therefore, requires a precise identification of these selective pressures. However, such information is generally lacking. This may partly explain the inconsistency in reported sex allocation patterns, especially in vertebrates. We present data from a long-term feeding experiment in black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) that allowed us to increase investment capacity for some breeding pairs. Previous findings showed that these pairs then overproduced sons compared with control parents. Here, our aim was to test the underlying assumptions of the 2 appropriate sex allocation models for our context: the “cost of reproduction hypothesis” and the “Trivers-Willard hypothesis.” The former assumes a sex difference in rearing costs, whereas the latter assumes a difference in fitness returns. 1) Independent of feeding treatment, rearing sons was energetically more demanding for parents (as revealed by higher energy expenditure and higher baseline corticosterone levels) than rearing daughters, thereby corroborating the underlying assumption of the “cost of reproduction hypothesis.” 2) Evidence supporting the assumptions of the “Trivers-Willard hypothesis” was less convincing. Overall, our results suggest that drivers of parental sex allocation decisions are probably more related to offspring sex-specific energetic costs than to their future reproductive success in our study species. Assessing the adaptive value of sex-ratio biases requires precise investigation of the assumptions underlying theoretical models, particularly as long as the mechanisms involved in sex-ratio manipulation remain largely unknown.
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1162 |
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1045-2249 |
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6239 |
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Leclaire Sarah, Bourret Vincent, Blanchard Pierrick, de Franceschi Christophe, Merkling Thomas, Hatch Scott A, Danchin Étienne, |
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Title |
Carotenoids increase immunity and sex specifically affect color and redox homeostasis in a monochromatic seabird
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
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69 |
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7 |
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1097-1111 |
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1162 |
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0340-5443 |
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6238 |
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Lilensten Jean, Bommier Véronique, Barthélemy Mathieu, Lamy Hervé, Bernard David, Moen Joran Idar, Johnsen Magnar Gullikstad, Løvhaug Unni Pia, Pitout Frédéric, |
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Title |
The auroral red line polarisation: modelling and measurements
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate |
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5 |
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A26-A26 |
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In this work, we model the polarisation of the auroral red line using the electron impact theory developed by Bommier et al (2011). This theory enables the computation of the distribution of the Degree of Linear Polarisation (DoLP) as function of height if the flux of precipitated electrons is provided as input.\\
An electron transport code is used to infer the stationary electron flux at each altitude in the ionosphere as a function of energy and pitch angle. Using adequate cross sections, the integral of this electron flux over energy and pitch angle provides an anisotropy parameter from which the theoretical local DoLP can be computed at each altitude. The modelled DoLP is then derived by integrating along the line-of-sight.\\
Depending on the integration length, the modelled DoLP ranges between 0.6\% for a very long integration length, and 1.8\% for a very short integration length localized around an altitude of 210 km. A parametric study is performed to check how the characteristics of the local DoLP (maximum value, altitude of the maximum, integrated height profile) vary. It is found that the polarisation is highly sensitive to the scattering function of the electrons, to the electron precipitation and the geomagnetic activity.\\
We compare these values to measured ones obtained during an observational campaign performed in February 2012 from Svalbard. The measured DoLP during the campaign was 1.9\% $\pm$ 0.1\%. The comparison between this value and the theoretical one is discussed . Discrepancies may be due to the poor constraint of the input parameters (thermosphere and ionosphere), to the fact that only electron precipitation is considered in this approach (and not proton precipitation for instance), and to the difficulty in constraining the exact width of the emission layer in the thermosphere. |
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1026 |
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EDP Sciences |
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2115-7251 |
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6237 |
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Thiebot Jean-Baptiste, Bost Charles-André, Dehnhard Nina, Demongin Laurent, Eens Marcel, Lepoint Gilles, Cherel Yves, Poisbleau Maud, |
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Title |
Mates but not sexes differ in migratory niche in a monogamous penguin species
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Biology Letters |
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11 |
Issue |
9 |
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20150429-20150429 |
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Strong pair bonds generally increase fitness in monogamous organisms, but may also underlie the risk of hampering it when re-pairing fails after the winter season. We investigated whether partners would either maintain contact or offset this risk by exploiting sex-specific favourable niches during winter in a migratory monogamous seabird, the southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome. Using light-based geolocation, we show that although the spatial distribution of both sexes largely overlapped, pair-wise mates were located on average 595 {+/-} 260 km (and up to 2500 km) apart during winter. Stable isotope data also indicated a marked overlap between sex-specific isotopic niches ({delta}13C and{delta} 15N values) but a segregation of the feeding habitats ({delta}13C values) within pairs. Importantly, the tracked females remained longer (12 days) at sea than males, but all re-mated with their previous partners after winter. Our study provides multiple evidence that migratory species may well demonstrate pair-wise segregation even in the absence of sex-specific winter niches (spatial and isotopic). We suggest that dispersive migration patterns with sex-biased timings may be a sufficient proximal cause for generating such a situation in migratory animals.
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394 |
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1744-9561 |
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yes |
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6236 |
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Author |
Fouchet D, Santin-Janin H, Sauvage F, Yoccoz N G, Pontier D, |
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Title |
An R package for analyzing survival using continuous-time open capture-recapture models
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
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Capture-recapture software packages have proven to be very powerful tools for analyzing factors affecting survival in wild populations. However all such packages are limited to discrete-time protocols. Appropriate survival analysis tools are still lacking for data acquired from continuous-time protocols.
We have developed a statistical method and propose an R package for analyzing such data based on an extension of classical survival analysis models incorporating an inhomogeneous Poisson process for modeling capture histories. First, data were simulated from a continuous-time protocol. These data were used to i) compare survival estimation biases of discrete- and continuous-time approaches and ii) investigate the performance and accuracy of our R package for four types of covariates: factors varying between individuals (like sex), in time (like climatic factors), both in time and between individuals (like physical condition) and age (as a categorical factor). Second, the R package has been applied to a real data set for survival analysis of cats in the Kerguelen archipelago (regrouping 682 cats over 20 years) as an illustrative example.
Results of the simulated data analysis show that the method performs better than its discrete-time counterpart for analyzing data acquired from continuous-time protocols. It provides unbiased parameter estimates for all parameters except those that vary both in time and between individuals – which is not surprising, since in our case these factors were not updated in continuous-time (i.e., only upon capture). When applied to the Kerguelen cat data set, the results suggest that survival is lower in juveniles than in adults and sub-adults, varies between study sites, and increases with physical condition, this latter effect being more important in females than in males. Sex, season, temporal linear trend in survival, and the NDVI vegetation index, were also tested but were not found to be significant. However, confidence intervals were too large (due to a low recapture rate) for excluding such effects. Further analyses are still needed for rigorous covariate testing in this context.
In conclusion, continuous-time approaches – such as that presented in this paper – should be preferred when data acquired from continuous-time protocols is analyzed.
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279 |
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2041-210X |
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6235 |
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Nesterova Anna P, Flack Andrea, van Loon E Emiel, Bonadonna Francesco, Biro Dora, |
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Title |
The effect of experienced individuals on navigation by king penguin chick pairs
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
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104 |
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69-78 |
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Aptenodytes patagonicus, decision making, experience, group behaviour, group navigation, king penguin, |
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Group members' individual experience can have important influences when navigating collectively. However, how exactly they structure group travel performance is still not fully understood. This study investigated how navigation and leadership dynamics are affected by the presence of an experienced individual in king penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus, chick pairs. We tested pairs of chicks in which two partners differed in their level of prior navigational experience. Naïve pairs consisted of two chicks that had no previous homing experience. In mixed pairs, one chick was naïve, but the other chick had previous homing experience. Our results showed that in mixed pairs the navigational performance of naïve chicks improved if they travelled together with an experienced partner compared to when they walked alone. Experienced chicks, however, maintained their relatively high speeds and efficiencies irrespective of whether they walked with a partner or independently. We also observed a shift in leadership dynamics: in naïve pairs, both chicks took turns in leading and following, while in mixed pairs, experienced chicks tended to lead throughout. Our work provides a valuable empirical system in which to test theoretical models of leadership and information transfer within groups.
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354 |
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0003-3472 |
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yes |
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6234 |
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